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Low-Cost Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 5251

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
Interests: surface science; 2D materials; surface analysis; interfacial doping; solid state sensors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, continuous pollution has changed the quality of most water sources, including fresh and marine waters. To effectively monitor water quality, a very large number of sensors need to be deployed, many more than is currently feasible. Only by developing reliable and low-cost water-quality sensors can we be successful in quantifying the magnitude of the problem and verifying the success of remedial actions.

Relevant parameters include turbidity, color, temperature, conductivity, hardness, pH, disinfectant concentration, nutrients, heavy metals and other ion concentrations, organic pollutants, and pathogen counts. Sensor technologies need to be developed that can form the basis of robust, low-power, low-cost devices for continuous monitoring. A variety of sensor technologies have been considered, including mass-analytic (cantilever, quartz crystal microbalance, mass spectrometry), optical (colorimetry/absorbance, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, phosphorescence, Raman, surface plasmon, atomic emission), and solid-state (electrochemical sensors, chemiresistive sensors, and field-effect devices) methods. Supporting infrastructure for sample conditioning, data transmission and analysis is also required.

For this Special Issue, we invite contributions from researchers from academia and industry sharing recent advances in materials, devices, and supporting infrastructure with applications in water quality monitoring, especially pertaining to lowering the cost of the fabrication, deployment, and maintenance of these sensors. Submissions of original research articles as well as critical reviews of recent progress are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Peter Kruse
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sensor geometries and materials
  • rapid prototyping and sensor fabrication methods
  • mechanical, optical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors
  • spectrometric and spectroscopic methods
  • sample pre-treatment, filtration, preconcentration, etc.
  • stand-alone sensors and sensor networks
  • online sensors
  • off-line analytical methods for water quality determination
  • low-cost sensors and solutions for crowdsourcing and citizen science
  • redox and disinfectant sensors
  • aqueous ion sensors
  • pH, temperature, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, and color sensors
  • nutrient sensors
  • organic pollutant sensors
  • pathogen sensors

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 5420 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost Turbidity Sensor to Determine Eutrophication in Water Bodies
by Javier Rocher, Jose M. Jimenez, Jesus Tomas and Jaime Lloret
Sensors 2023, 23(8), 3913; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23083913 - 12 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2774
Abstract
Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae in water bodies that causes biodiversity loss, reducing water quality and attractiveness to people. This is an important problem in water bodies. In this paper, we propose a low-cost sensor to monitor eutrophication in concentrations between [...] Read more.
Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae in water bodies that causes biodiversity loss, reducing water quality and attractiveness to people. This is an important problem in water bodies. In this paper, we propose a low-cost sensor to monitor eutrophication in concentrations between 0 to 200 mg/L and in different mixtures of sediment and algae (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% algae, the rest are sediment). We use two light sources (infrared and RGB LED) and two photoreceptors at 90° and 180° of the light sources. The system has a microcontroller (M5stacks) that powers the light sources and obtains the signal received by the photoreceptors. In addition, the microcontroller is responsible for sending information and generating alerts. Our results show that the use of infrared light at 90° can determine the turbidity with an error of 7.45% in NTU readings higher than 2.73 NTUs, and the use of infrared light at 180° can measure the solid concentration with an error of 11.40%. According to the determination of the % of algae, the use of a neural network has a precision of 89.3% in the classification, and the determination of the mg/L of algae in water has an error of 17.95%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring)
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22 pages, 22422 KiB  
Article
Open and Cost-Effective Digital Ecosystem for Lake Water Quality Monitoring
by Daniele Strigaro, Massimiliano Cannata, Fabio Lepori, Camilla Capelli, Andrea Lami, Dario Manca and Silvio Seno
Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6684; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22176684 - 04 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1813
Abstract
In some sectors of the water resources management, the digital revolution process is slowed by some blocking factors such as costs, lack of digital expertise, resistance to change, etc. In addition, in the era of Big Data, many are the sources of information [...] Read more.
In some sectors of the water resources management, the digital revolution process is slowed by some blocking factors such as costs, lack of digital expertise, resistance to change, etc. In addition, in the era of Big Data, many are the sources of information available in this field, but they are often not fully integrated. The adoption of different proprietary solutions to sense, collect and manage data is one of the main problems that hampers the availability of a fully integrated system. In this context, the aim of the project is to verify if a fully open, cost-effective and replicable digital ecosystem for lake monitoring can fill this gap and help the digitalization process using cloud based technology and an Automatic High-Frequency Monitoring System (AHFM) built using open hardware and software components. Once developed, the system is tested and validated in a real case scenario by integrating the historical databases and by checking the performance of the AHFM system. The solution applied the edge computing paradigm in order to move some computational work from server to the edge and fully exploiting the potential offered by low power consuming devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring)
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