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Development and Applications of Optical Sensing

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2020) | Viewed by 16451

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Michael J. Connelly

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Guest Editor

Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Interests: laser doppler vibrometry; high-voltage optical sensors; optical coherence tomography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although optical sensing is a mature field, nevertheless it is still advancing both by capitalizing on the development of new photonic devices and systems, but also by addressing a variety of new applications. To this effect, we invite researchers in academia and industry to submit original and unpublished manuscripts relating to all aspects of optical sensing, including photonic device, fiber and free-space optics based systems

Topics include, but are not limited to the following:

Physical, chemical, biological sensing.
Interferometric and polarimetric sensors.
Photonic crystal fibers, Bragg gratings, etc.
Nanotechnology.
Plasmonic optics.
Colorimetry, evanescent wave, and infrared spectroscopy.
Sensor multiplexing.
Theory and simulation.

Prof. Michael J. Connelly
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

physical, chemical, biological sensing
interferometry and polarimetry
special fibers
nanotechnology
plasmonic optics
colorimetry, evanescent wave and infrared spectroscopy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Ghost Imaging Based on Light Source Formed by Coprime Array

by Yapeng Zhan, Jiying Liu, Zelong Wang and Qi Yu

Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4508; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20164508 - 12 Aug 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2030

Abstract

In computational ghost imaging, a spatial light modulator (SLM) can be used to modulate the light field. The relative locations and the number of light point pixels on an SLM affect the imaging quality. Usually, SLMs are two-dimensional arrays which are drawn uniformly or are randomly sparse. However, the patterns formed by a uniform array are periodic when the number of light point pixels is small, and the images formed by a random sparse array suffer from large background noise. In this paper, we introduce a coprime array based on the Eisenstein integer to optimize the light point pixel arrangement. A coprime array is widely used as a microwave radar receiving array, but less implemented in optics. This is the first time that a coprime array based on Eisenstein integer has been introduced in computational ghost imaging. A coprime array with this structure enhances the imaging quality when limited measurements are recorded, and it reduces background noise and avoids periodicity. All results are verified by numerical simulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Optical Sensing)

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18 pages, 7186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Strain Characterization and Failure Location of Rock Fracture Process Using Distributed Optical Fiber under Uniaxial Compression

by Shiang Xu, Shuangming Wang, Pingsong Zhang, Duoxing Yang and Binyang Sun

Sensors 2020, 20(14), 3853; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20143853 - 10 Jul 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2679

Abstract

A rock fracture test is a very important method in the study of rock mechanics. Based on the Mechanics Test System (MTS), the dynamic strain response of the failure process of cylindrical granite specimens under uniaxial compression was observed by using distributed optical fiber strain sensors. Two groups of tests were designed and studied for rock sample fracturing. The main comparison and analysis were made between the distributed optical fiber testing technology and the MTS testing system in terms of the circumferential strain response curve and the evolution characteristics of strain with time. The strain characterization of distributed optical fiber in the process of rock fracturing was obtained. The results show that the ring strains measured by the distributed optical fiber sensor and the circumferential strain gauge were consistent, with a minimum ring strain error of 1.27%. The relationship between the strain jump or gradient band of the distributed optical fiber and the crack space on the sample surface is clear, which can reasonably determine the time of crack initiation and propagation, point out the location of the rock failure area, and provide precursory information about rock fracture. The distributed optical fiber strain sensor can realize the linear and continuous measurement of rock mass deformation, which can provide some reference for the study of macro damage evolution and the fracture instability prediction of field engineering rock mass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Optical Sensing)

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17 pages, 3132 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FMCW Laser Fuze Multiple Scattering Model and Accurate Fixed-Distance Algorithm in a Smoke Environment

by Chengtian Song, Ying Cui and Bohu Liu

Sensors 2020, 20(9), 2604; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20092604 - 03 May 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3825

Abstract

In a smoke environment, suspended particles can scatter and absorb laser photons, making target echo signals extremely weak and difficult to extract and identify, which causes obvious difficulty in fixed-distance of laser fuze. In this paper, the multiple scattering model of frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) laser fuze in a smoke environment was established. This model simulates multi-path propagation and multiple scattering of photons. At the same time, we use the correntropy spectral density (CSD) algorithm for accurate fixed-distance of FMCW laser fuze. The absolute error of distance does not exceed 0.15 m in smoke interference environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Optical Sensing)

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23 pages, 7953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scene Acquisition with Multiple 2D and 3D Optical Sensors: A PSO-Based Visibility Optimization

by Francesco Buonamici, Rocco Furferi, Lapo Governi, Antonio Marzola and Yary Volpe

Sensors 2020, 20(6), 1726; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20061726 - 19 Mar 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2318

Abstract

Designing an acquisition system for 2D or 3D information, based on the integration of data provided by different sensors is a task that requires a labor-intensive initial design phase. Indeed, the definition of the architecture of such acquisition systems needs to start from the identification of the position and orientation of the sensors observing the scene. Their placement is carefully studied to enhance the efficacy of the system. This often coincides with the need to maximize the surfaces observed by the sensors or some other metric. An automatic optimization procedure based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, to seek the most convenient setting of multiple optical sensors observing a 3D scene, is proposed. The procedure has been developed to provide a fast and efficient tool for 2D and 3D data acquisition. Three different objective functions of general validity, to be used in future applications, are proposed and described in the text. Various filters are introduced to reduce computational times of the whole procedure. The method is capable of handling occlusions from undesired obstacle in the scene. Finally, the entire method is discussed with reference to 1) the development of a body scanner for the arm-wrist-hand district and 2) the acquisition of an internal environment as case studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Optical Sensing)

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14 pages, 2247 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Laboratory Testing of FBGs for Pipeline Monitoring

by Andrea Carlino and Alberto Godio

Sensors 2020, 20(13), 3797; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20133797 - 07 Jul 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2494

Abstract

The monitoring of the effects of geohazards on pipelines can be addressed by optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). They are sensitive to strain and bending, and are installed on the external surface of pipelines at discrete locations. A joint approach of theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments is useful to check the reliability of the performance of this technology. We focus on the theoretical analysis of pipeline buckling and investigate the reliability of FBG monitoring both by examining the analytical model available and by performing a laboratory-scale experiment. The novelty lies in the analysis of models and methods originally developed for the detection of pipeline upheaval buckling caused by externally imposed forces in the context of service loads (temperature). Although thermal strain is very relevant in view of its potentially disruptive effects on both pipelines and the FBG response, it has not been yet fully investigated. We point out the merits of the approach, such as the functionality and simplicity of design, the accessibility and inexpensiveness of materials, the controllability and repeatability of processes, the drawbacks are also described, such as temperature effects, the problem of slipping of gages and the challenge of performing quasi-distributed strain measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Optical Sensing)

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9 pages, 2919 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Three-Dimensional Imaging by Frequency-Comb Spectral Interferometry

by Haihan Zhao, Ziqiang Zhang, Xinyang Xu, Haoyun Zhang, Jingsheng Zhai and Hanzhong Wu

Sensors 2020, 20(6), 1743; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20061743 - 20 Mar 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2745

Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate a three-dimensional imaging system based on the laser frequency comb. We develop a compact, all-fiber mode-locked laser at 1 μm, whose repetition frequency can be tightly synchronized to the external frequency reference. The mode-locked state is achieved via the saturable absorber mirror in a linear cavity, and the laser output power can be amplified from 4 mW to 150 mW after a Yb-doped fiber amplifier. Three-dimensional imaging is realized via the spectral interferometry with the aid of an equal-arm Michelson interferometer. Compared with the reference values, the measurement results show the difference can be below 4 μm. Our system could provide a pathway to the real industry applications in future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Optical Sensing)

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