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Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring, New Trends and Technologies
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Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring, New Trends and Technologies

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 9237

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Riccardo Mario Azzara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
Interests: Seismology; SOH monitoring; site effects; seismic instrumentation
Dr. Maria Girardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione A. Faedo, Pisa, Italy
Interests: structural health monitoring; heritage structures; structural and earthquake engineering; sensors
Dr. Daniele Pellegrini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione A. Faedo, Pisa, Italy
Interests: structural health monitoring; dynamic identification; structural and earthquake engineering; sensors; computational mechanics; FEM analysis; FE software development; masonry, concrete and steel structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural health monitoring (SHM) protocols play a crucial role in the management of buildings and infrastructures. The increasing aging of civil and industrial facilities demands effective and reliable monitoring procedures for the prompt detection of structural damage and to increase the knowledge of these structures' mechanical behavior over time.

SHM procedures have greatly benefited from recent advances in sensor technology. This Special Issue will highlight the contribution of innovative sensor technologies in the field, with particular regard to smart sensors (MEMS transducers, mobile devices, etc.), rotational sensors, fiber optic sensors, and high sensitivity seismometric instruments. The main topics are summarized in the keywords below, but papers on different related subjects are also welcome.

Dr. Riccardo Mario Azzara
Dr. Maria Girardi
Dr. Daniele Pellegrini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SHM of buildings, infrastructures, and architectural heritage
  • Innovative sensors for SHM
  • Real-time SHM protocols
  • MEMS transducers for SHM
  • Rotational sensors for SHM
  • Fiber optic sensors for SHM
  • High-sensitivity seismometric instrumentation
  • Sensor networks

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 10420 KiB  
Article
Urban Seismic Network Based on MEMS Sensors: The Experience of the Seismic Observatory in Camerino (Marche, Italy)
by Giovanni Vitale, Antonino D’Alessandro, Andrea Di Benedetto, Anna Figlioli, Antonio Costanzo, Stefano Speciale, Quintilio Piattoni and Leonardo Cipriani
Sensors 2022, 22(12), 4335; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22124335 - 08 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2375
Abstract
Urban seismic networks are considered very useful tools for the management of seismic emergencies. In this work, a study of the first urban seismic network in central Italy is presented. The urban seismic network, built using MEMS sensors, was implemented in the urban [...] Read more.
Urban seismic networks are considered very useful tools for the management of seismic emergencies. In this work, a study of the first urban seismic network in central Italy is presented. The urban seismic network, built using MEMS sensors, was implemented in the urban district of Camerino, one of the cities in central Italy with the greatest seismic vulnerability. The technological choices adopted in developing this system as well as the implemented algorithms are shown in the context of their application to the first seismic event recorded by this innovative monitoring infrastructure. This monitoring network is innovative because it implements a distributed computing and statistical earthquake detection algorithm. As such, it is not based on the traces received by the stations from the central server; rather, each station carries out the necessary checks on the signal in real time, sending brief reports to the server in case of anomalies. This approach attempts to shorten the time between event detection and alert, effectively removing the dead times in the systems currently used in the Italian national network. The only limit for an instant alarm is the latency in the tcp/ip packages used to send the short reports to the server. The presented work shows the infrastructure created; however, there is not enough data to draw conclusions on this new early warning approach in the field, as it is currently in the data collection phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring, New Trends and Technologies)
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23 pages, 5305 KiB  
Article
Vehicle Bump Testing Parameters Influencing Modal Identification of Long-Span Segmental Prestressed Concrete Bridges
by Wilson Hernandez, Alvaro Viviescas and Carlos Alberto Riveros-Jerez
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 1219; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22031219 - 05 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2455
Abstract
In-service prestressed concrete box girder bridges have received increasing attention in recent years due to a large number of bridges reaching decades in service. Therefore, the ageing of infrastructure demands the development of robust condition assessment methodologies based on affordable technology such as [...] Read more.
In-service prestressed concrete box girder bridges have received increasing attention in recent years due to a large number of bridges reaching decades in service. Therefore, the ageing of infrastructure demands the development of robust condition assessment methodologies based on affordable technology such as vehicle-induced vibration tests (VITs) in contrast with more expensive existing technologies such as tests using hammers or shakers. Ambient vibration tests (AVTs) have been widely used worldwide, taking advantage of freely available ambient excitation sources. However, the literature has commonly reported insufficient input energy to excite the structure to obtain satisfactory modal identification results, especially in long-span concrete bridges. On the other hand, the use of forced vibration tests (FVTs) requires more economic resources. This paper presents the results of field measurements at optimally selected locations in VITs consisting of a 32-ton truck and a springboard with a height of 50 mm. AVTs using optimal sensor placement (OSP) provide similar results to VITs without considering OSP locations. Additionally, the VIT/AVT cost ratio is reduced to 2 since a shorter data collection time is achieved within a one-day (8 h) test framework, which minimizes temperature effects, thus leading to improvements in AVT identification results, especially in vertical modes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring, New Trends and Technologies)
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12 pages, 8585 KiB  
Article
The Influence of the Grid Density of Measurement Points on Damage Detection in an Isotropic Plate by the Use of Elastic Waves and Laser Scanning Doppler Vibrometry
by Łukasz Doliński, Marek Krawczuk, Magdalena Palacz, Wiktor Waszkowiak and Arkadiusz Żak
Sensors 2021, 21(21), 7394; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21217394 - 07 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Damage detection in structural components, especially in mechanical engineering, is an important element of engineering practice. There are many methods of damage detection, in which changes in various parameters caused by the presence of damage are analysed. Recently, methods based on the analysis [...] Read more.
Damage detection in structural components, especially in mechanical engineering, is an important element of engineering practice. There are many methods of damage detection, in which changes in various parameters caused by the presence of damage are analysed. Recently, methods based on the analysis of changes in dynamic parameters of structures, that is, frequencies or mode shapes of natural vibrations, as well as changes in propagating elastic waves, have been developed at the highest rate. Diagnostic methods based on the elastic wave propagation phenomenon are becoming more and more popular, therefore it is worth focusing on the improvement of the efficiency of these methods. Hence, a question arises about whether it is possible to shorten the required measurement time without affecting the sensitivity of the diagnostic method used. This paper discusses the results of research carried out by the authors in this regard both numerically and experimentally. The numerical analysis has been carried out by the use of the Time-domain Spectral Finite Element Method (TD-SFEM), whereas the experimental part has been based on the measurement performed by 1-D Laser Doppler Scanning Vibrometery (LDSV). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring, New Trends and Technologies)
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23 pages, 34823 KiB  
Article
All-Weather Thermal Simulation Methods for Concrete Maglev Bridge Based on Structural and Meteorological Monitoring Data
by Ao Wang, Zongkai Zhang, Xiaoming Lei, Ye Xia and Limin Sun
Sensors 2021, 21(17), 5789; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21175789 - 28 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1995
Abstract
Thermal energy exchange induces non-uniform temperature distribution on the concrete bridge structures, leading to variation of static and dynamic properties of structural systems. The finite element method can facilitate thermal simulation and predict the structural temperature distribution based on heat flow theories. Previous [...] Read more.
Thermal energy exchange induces non-uniform temperature distribution on the concrete bridge structures, leading to variation of static and dynamic properties of structural systems. The finite element method can facilitate thermal simulation and predict the structural temperature distribution based on heat flow theories. Previous studies mainly focused on the daytime with sunny weather, and the effects of solar shadow distribution were not fully considered or even ignored. In this paper, a systematic all-weather thermal simulation method was proposed to investigate the temperature distributions of concrete maglev bridges. The solar shadow distribution on the bridge surface could be accurately simulated to determine the solar radiation-imposed range. A meteorological station and some thermocouples were installed on a real concrete maglev bridge to obtain the real-time structural temperatures and environmental conditions. Its temperature distribution is also simulated using the proposed method within the 27 monitoring days in Summer. Results show that the simulated structural temperature matches well with the measured results under various weather conditions, except that of the east structural surface. Moreover, the simulation method acquired a higher accuracy under overcast or rainy weather due to weaker solar radiation effects. Both the numerical results and experimental records illustrated that direct solar radiation dominates the thermal energy exchange under sunny or cloudy conditions. The proposed methodology for temperature field simulation is oriented by all-weather prediction of structural temperature, which is reliable for concrete bridge structures with the help of accurate measurement of real-time solar radiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring, New Trends and Technologies)
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