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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 9370

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yuriy N. Parkhomenko

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, 119049, Leninsky av. 4, Russia;
JSC “Giredmet”, 2 Elektrodnaya Str., Moscow, 111524, Russia.
Interests: physical chemistry and technology of inorganic materials; material science; semiconductors; nanoindustry; crystalline materials; ferroelectrics; ultrasensitive sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, the development of new technologies has faced the necessity of ultrasensitive accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, IoT applications, biosensors, lab-on-a-chip systems, etc. In this context, piezoelectric-based sensors cover a wide range of applications. Piezoelectric materials offer three main advantages: possibility of passive operation, MEMS and NEMS integration, and broad frequency range. New lead-free ceramics, crystals, and polymer piezoelectric materials demonstrate excellent properties for sensing systems. In addition, cheap and sensitive measurement techniques for piezoelectric-based sensors are of great interest today.

We invite investigators to submit original research articles and reviews on sensors based on piezoelectrics. This Special Issue aims to present recent developments in sensors based on piezoelectrics, cheap and sensitive measurement techniques for them, and discuss the current stage of development in this area.

Prof. Dr. Yuriy N. Parkhomenko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

piezoelectrics
sensors
ferroelectrics
magnetoelectric sensors
accelerometers
magnetic field sensors
IoT
biosensors
lab-on-chip
ceramics
crystals
polymers
sensitive measurement techniques

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Oscillation Amplitude Variations on QCM Response to Microspheres of Different Sizes

by Emiliano Zampetti, Maria Aurora Mancuso, Fabrizio Dirri, Ernesto Palomba, Paolo Papa, Alessandro Capocecera, Andrea Bearzotti, Antonella Macagnano and Diego Scaccabarozzi

Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23125682 - 18 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1549

Abstract

Suspended particulate matter (PMx) is one of the most important environmental pollutants. Miniaturized sensors capable of measuring and analyzing PMx are crucial in environmental research fields. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is one of the most well-known sensors that could be used to monitor PMx. In general, in environmental pollution science, PMx is divided into two main categories correlated to particle diameter (e.g., PM < 2.5 µm and PM < 10 µm). QCM-based systems are capable of measuring this range of particles, but there is an important issue that limits the application. In fact, if particles with different diameters are collected on QCM electrodes, the response will be a result of the total mass of particles; there are no simple methods to discriminate the mass of the two categories without the use of a filter or manipulation during sampling. The QCM response depends on particle dimensions, fundamental resonant frequency, the amplitude of oscillation, and system dissipation properties. In this paper, we study the effects of oscillation amplitude variations and fundamental frequency (10, 5, and 2.5 MHz) values on the response, when particle matter with different sizes (2 µm and 10 µm) is deposited on the electrodes. The results showed that the 10 MHz QCM was not capable of detecting the 10 µm particles, and its response was not influenced by oscillation amplitude. On the other hand, the 2.5 MHz QCM detected the diameters of both particles, but only if a low amplitude value was used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Piezoelectrics)

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12 pages, 5642 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetoelectric Effect in Amorphous Ferromagnetic FeCoSiB/Langatate Monolithic Heterostructure for Magnetic Field Sensing

by L. Y. Fetisov, M. V. Dzhaparidze, D. V. Savelev, D. A. Burdin, A. V. Turutin, V. V. Kuts, F. O. Milovich, A. A. Temirov, Y. N. Parkhomenko and Y. K. Fetisov

Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4523; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23094523 - 06 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1290

Abstract

This paper investigates the possibilities of creating magnetic field sensors using the direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a monolithic heterostructure of amorphous ferromagnetic material/langatate. Layers of 1.5 μm-thick FeCoSiB amorphous ferromagnetic material were deposited on the surface of the langatate single crystal using magnetron sputtering. At the resonance frequency of the structure, 107 kHz, the ME coefficient of linear conversion of 76.6 V/(Oe∙cm) was obtained. Furthermore, the nonlinear ME effect of voltage harmonic generation was observed with an increasing excitation magnetic field. The efficiency of generating the second and third harmonics was about 6.3 V/(Oe²∙cm) and 1.8 V/(Oe³∙cm), respectively. A hysteresis dependence of ME voltage on a permanent magnetic field was observed due to the presence of α-Fe iron crystalline phases in the magnetic layer. At the resonance frequency, the monolithic heterostructure had a sensitivity to the AC magnetic field of 4.6 V/Oe, a minimum detectable magnetic field of ~70 pT, and a low level of magnetic noise of 0.36 pT/Hz^1/2, which allows it to be used in ME magnetic field sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Piezoelectrics)

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14 pages, 3517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biocompatible Piezoelectric PVDF/HA/AgNO₃ Thin Film Prepared by the Solvent Casting Method

by Ieva Markuniene, Marzieh Rabiei, Sohrab Nasiri, Sigita Urbaite, Arvydas Palevicius and Giedrius Janusas

Sensors 2023, 23(1), 289; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23010289 - 27 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1878

Abstract

In this study, new composites based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were ornamented and prepared with hydroxyapatite (HA) and silver nitride (AgNO₃). Taking into account the polarity of the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide, this solvent was used to disperse the particles. The aim of using DMSO was to create amorphous phases and the strong dipoles of the C–F bond to reduce the energy barrier and improve the electrical properties. The PVDF played the role of matrix in HA, and AgNO₃ was used as reinforcing elements. X-ray diffraction of the samples directly showed the amorphous phase and mixed amorphous and crystalline phases when all three materials were used simultaneously for preparing the composite. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the samples confirmed the role of PVDF, HA, and AgNO₃. Furthermore, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed and proved that the HA structure did not change when the ratio of

\frac{Ca}{P}

was equal to the ratio of natural HA. The electrical properties were investigated, and the amount of energy ranged from 56.50 to 125.20 mV. The final results showed that a designed device consisting of an active layer made of 0.1 g HA:0.5 g PVDF showed the highest energy barrier, the highest polarity, and surface energy, thus proving its relevance as potential material for energy harvesting applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Piezoelectrics)

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13 pages, 5784 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lead-Free AE Sensor Based on BZT–BCT Ceramics

by Dong-Jin Shin, Woo-Seok Kang, Dong-Hwan Lim, Bo-Kun Koo, Min-Soo Kim, Soon-Jong Jeong and In-Sung Kim

Sensors 2021, 21(21), 7100; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21217100 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1683

Abstract

In this study, an acoustic emission (AE) sensor was fabricated using lead-free Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃–0.5(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃ (BZT–BCT) ceramics. The acoustic and electromechanical properties of the AE sensor were determined by the shapes of the piezoelectric ceramics. To optimize the AE sensor performance, the shapes of the ceramics were designed according to various diameter/thickness ratios (D/T) = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0. The BZT–BCT ceramic with D/T = 1.0 exhibited excellent values of a piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃), piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g₃₃), and electromechanical coupling factor (k_p), which were 370 (pC/N), 11.3 (10⁻³ Vm/N), and 0.58, respectively. Optimum values of resonant frequency (f_r) = 172.724 (kHz), anti-resonant frequency (f_a) = 196.067 (kHz), and effective electromechanical coupling factor (k_eff) = 0.473 were obtained for the manufactured BZT–BCT ceramic with D/T = 1.0. The maximum sensitivity and frequency of the AE sensor made of the BZT–BCT ceramic with a D/T ratio of 1.0 were 65 dB and 30 kHz, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Piezoelectrics)

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18 pages, 3579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Piezoresponse in Ferroelectric Materials under Uniform Electric Field of Electrodes

by Artur Udalov, Denis Alikin and Andrei Kholkin

Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3707; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21113707 - 26 May 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2162

Abstract

The analytical solution for the displacements of an anisotropic piezoelectric material in the uniform electric field is presented for practical use in the “global excitation mode” of piezoresponse force microscopy. The solution is given in the Wolfram Mathematica interactive program code, allowing the derivation of the expression of the piezoresponse both in cases of the anisotropic and isotropic elastic properties. The piezoresponse’s angular dependencies are analyzed using model lithium niobate and barium titanate single crystals as examples. The validity of the isotropic approximation is verified in comparison to the fully anisotropic solution. The approach developed in the paper is important for the quantitative measurements of the piezoelectric response in nanomaterials as well as for the development of novel piezoelectric materials for the sensors/actuators applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Piezoelectrics)

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