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Sensors and Single-Board Open Source Architectures: Design and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 July 2022) | Viewed by 14564

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Information Technologies. University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Interests: Evolutionary Algorithms; Data Mining; Information Extraction; Open Source Software and Hardware Systems; IoT

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry and Materials Sciences. University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
Interests: Electrochemistry; Chemical Detectors; Open Source Labware; Flow Injection Analysis; Spectroelectrochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Single-board architectures, including single-board computers (SBCs) and microcontroller boards (MCBs), are enabling growing trends in designs and applications with low-cost open source platforms, as testing and measurement applications integrating sensors and communication technologies. According to recent articles on economic/business analysis and electronics industry publications, the single-board architectures market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.0 % in the next five years. This growth is mainly due to sectors such as do-it-yourself (DIY) projects, internet of things (IoT) devices for home or workplace, and the academic world for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills. Interest in single-board architectures and their applications has led all electronics manufacturers to develop low-cost single-board platform solutions. Some known development boards as Arduino, Teensy, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, and Intel Galileo are popular single-board architectures with sensor integration capabilities.

This Special Issue focuses on the analysis, designs, implementations, methods, studies, reviews, and emerging applications for sensors and single-board open source architectures, and will be of interest to a broad number of professionals in industry and academia who are involved in the research, development, and use of this type of platform. Therefore, it can include papers that present emerging trends and practices on sensors and single-board open source architectures, reports on product research and development, and tutorials and surveys covering the theory and applications of these platforms, integrating sensors, and communication technologies. There will be a particular emphasis on reports of recent technology developments and projects, deployments, trends, and new research results. Topics of interest related to the design and applications of sensors and single-board open source architectures include, but are not limited to the following:

  • Designs with embedded sensors and single-board open source architectures.
  • Sensors for IoT, industrial IoT (IIoT), and Industry 4.0. smart sensors.
  • Chemical, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, acoustic, ultrasonic, optical, radiation, or laser sensors and single-board open source architectures.
  • Sensors and single-board open source architectures in healthcare, environmental, energy, domotics, robotics, and drones.
  • Platforms based on single-board open source architectures and sensors and on-board sensors.
  • Traditional, new and emergent configurations, and research and development.
  • Education initiative projects with single-board open source architectures and sensors integration.
  • Designing, modeling, simulating, and prototyping and sensors integration in single-board open source architectures.
  • State-of-the-art and reviews on sensors in single-board open source architectures.

Prof. Dr. Eladio Durán Aranda
Prof. Dr. José Luis Álvarez Macías
Prof. Dr. Juan Daniel Mozo Llamazares
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2373 KiB  
Article
Coulometer from a Digitally Controlled Galvanostat with Photometric Endpoint Detection
by Domingo González-Arjona, Emilio Roldán González, Germán López-Pérez, Manuel María Domínguez Pérez and Marina Calero-Castillo
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7541; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22197541 - 05 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1724
Abstract
In this work, a coulometer was developed from a digitally controlled galvanostat. A simple colorimeter based on a RGB LED was used as a light emitter coupled to light detectors, while light dependent resistance (LDR) and photodiodes have been developed as endpoint detectors. [...] Read more.
In this work, a coulometer was developed from a digitally controlled galvanostat. A simple colorimeter based on a RGB LED was used as a light emitter coupled to light detectors, while light dependent resistance (LDR) and photodiodes have been developed as endpoint detectors. Both hardware and software have been adapted from the original galvanostat design. Regarding the hardware, new electrical signal conditioners (filters and voltage dividers) were included to optimize the working system. The software was developed based on an open source Arduino UNO microcontroller. The different variables that control the titration process are managed by an add-in module for Excel data acquisition software that is freely available. A study of the possible variables that influence the titration process has been carried out. The system was tested with two classical coulometric titrations such as iodometry (thiosulfate, ascorbic acid) and acid/base (potassium acid phthalate as standard). The developed system is versatile as different endpoint color indicators can be employed (starch and phenolphthalein for the investigated reactions). Different experimental arrangements have been studied: the nature of the electrodes (Pt, Ag), type of cells (two separate compartments or a single compartment), and light detectors (LDR, photodiode). The influence of several experimental parameters (both electrical, light, and integration time) was studied and chosen to obtain the best performance of the complete system. Reproducibility results below 1% can be obtained under controlled conditions. In the case of acid/base titrations, the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide was detected, whose interference was mainly affected by the stirring rate and the titration time. Full article
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17 pages, 5436 KiB  
Article
SMU Open-Source Platform for Synchronized Measurements
by Carlo Guarnieri Calò Carducci, Marco Pau, Cesar Cazal, Ferdinanda Ponci and Antonello Monti
Sensors 2022, 22(14), 5074; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22145074 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2652
Abstract
The ramping trend of cheap and performant single board computers (SBC) is growingly offering unprecedented opportunities in various domains, taking advantage of the widespread support and flexibility offered by an operating system (OS) environment. Unfortunately, data acquisition systems implemented in an OS environment [...] Read more.
The ramping trend of cheap and performant single board computers (SBC) is growingly offering unprecedented opportunities in various domains, taking advantage of the widespread support and flexibility offered by an operating system (OS) environment. Unfortunately, data acquisition systems implemented in an OS environment are traditionally considered not to be suitable for reliable industrial applications. Such a position is supported by the lack of hardware interrupt handling and deterministic control of timed operations. In this study, the authors fill this gap by proposing an innovative and versatile SBC-based open-source platform for CPU-independent data acquisition. The synchronized measurement unit (SMU) is a high-accuracy device able to perform multichannel simultaneous sampling up to 200 kS/s with sub-microsecond synchronization precision to a GPS time reference. It exhibits very low offset and gain errors, with a minimum bandwidth beyond 20 kHz, SNR levels above 90 dB and THD as low as −110 dB. These features make the SMU particularly attractive for the power system domain, where synchronized measurements are increasingly required for the geographically distributed monitoring of grid operating conditions and power quality phenomena. We present the characterization of the SMU in terms of measurement and time synchronization accuracy, proving that this device, while low-cost, guarantees performance compliant with the requirements for synchrophasor-based applications in power systems. Full article
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22 pages, 4879 KiB  
Article
Proposals and Comparisons from One-Sensor EEG and EOG Human-Machine Interfaces
by Francisco Laport, Daniel Iglesia, Adriana Dapena, Paula M. Castro and Francisco J. Vazquez-Araujo
Sensors 2021, 21(6), 2220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21062220 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3264
Abstract
Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) allow users to interact with different devices such as computers or home elements. A key part in HMI is the design of simple non-invasive interfaces to capture the signals associated with the user’s intentions. In this work, we have designed [...] Read more.
Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) allow users to interact with different devices such as computers or home elements. A key part in HMI is the design of simple non-invasive interfaces to capture the signals associated with the user’s intentions. In this work, we have designed two different approaches based on Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electrooculography (EOG). For both cases, signal acquisition is performed using only one electrode, which makes placement more comfortable compared to multi-channel systems. We have also developed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that presents objects to the user using two paradigms—one-by-one objects or rows-columns of objects. Both interfaces and paradigms have been compared for several users considering interactions with home elements. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 5753 KiB  
Review
Analysis of Single Board Architectures Integrating Sensors Technologies
by José Luis Álvarez, Juan Daniel Mozo and Eladio Durán
Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6303; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21186303 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5215
Abstract
Development boards, Single-Board Computers (SBCs) and Single-Board Microcontrollers (SBMs) integrating sensors and communication technologies have become a very popular and interesting solution in the last decade. They are of interest for their simplicity, versatility, adaptability, ease of use and prototyping, which allow them [...] Read more.
Development boards, Single-Board Computers (SBCs) and Single-Board Microcontrollers (SBMs) integrating sensors and communication technologies have become a very popular and interesting solution in the last decade. They are of interest for their simplicity, versatility, adaptability, ease of use and prototyping, which allow them to serve as a starting point for projects and as reference for all kinds of designs. In this sense, there are innumerable applications integrating sensors and communication technologies where they are increasingly used, including robotics, domotics, testing and measurement, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) projects, Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the home or workplace and science, technology, engineering, educational and also academic world for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) skills. The interest in single-board architectures and their applications have caused that all electronics manufacturers currently develop low-cost single board platform solutions. In this paper we realized an analysis of the most important topics related with single-board architectures integrating sensors. We analyze the most popular platforms based on characteristics as: cost, processing capacity, integrated processing technology and open-source license, as well as power consumption (mA@V), reliability (%), programming flexibility, support availability and electronics utilities. For evaluation, an experimental framework has been designed and implemented with six sensors (temperature, humidity, CO2/TVOC, pressure, ambient light and CO) and different data storage and monitoring options: locally on a μSD (Micro Secure Digital), on a Cloud Server, on a Web Server or on a Mobile Application. Full article
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