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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Future Networking Applications
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Future Networking Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensor Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 9776

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrey Koucheryavy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission Department, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg 193232, Russia
Interests: network planning; sensor networks; UAV networks; Internet of Things; tactile internet; 5G and beyond
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Edison Pignaton de Freitas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Interests: unmanned systems; wireless sensor networks; vehicular networks; flying ad hoc networks
Dr. Jiri Hosek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Interests: modern wireless communications; 5G+ technologies and applications; Internet of Things; quality of service; Quality of Experience
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are enabling the development of a myriad new UAV-based systems which could not even be imagined some years ago. There are numerous possibilities, but of particular interest is the usage of UAVs to support future networking applications, for example, creating network infrastructure on-demand, which can be provisioned and released according to the current application needs. The emerging Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications, with massive distributed sensors, can benefit a lot from the employment of such UAV-based support. With the advance of 5G, 6G, and beyond technologies, this usage of UAV-based systems gains even more importance, as the number of possible beneficial applications grows significantly.

The goal of this Special Issue is to address this emerging field in which UAVs can be used to support future networking applications.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Novel applications of UAVs;
  • Deploying UAV as a base station for 5G systems;
  • Role of UAVs in 6G systems;
  • On-demand wireless networking infrastructure;
  • Massive distributed applications;
  • Applications of UAVs for lifeline communications;
  • Development of edge computing systems for UAVs;
  • Offloading models and algorithms for UAV applications;
  • UAVs to assist AR/VR systems;
  • Deploying emerging technologies, e.g., SDN and Blockchain, for UAV systems;
  • Emerging IoT-based applications;
  • Application of UAVs in remote sensing;
  • Flying sensors;
  • Space-terrestrial networks.

Prof. Dr. Andrey Koucheryavy
Prof. Dr. Edison Pignaton de Freitas
Dr. Jiri Hosek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • UAVs
  • 5G
  • 6G
  • IoT
  • AR/VR
  • Massive distributed applications
  • Flying sensors
  • Emerging IoT-based applications
  • Space-terrestrial networks
  • Edge computing
  • Offloading
  • SDN

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 7060 KiB  
Article
Application Layer ARQ Algorithm for Real-Time Multi-Source Data Streaming in UAV Networks
by Mohammed Amin Lamri, Albert Abilov, Danil Vasiliev, Irina Kaisina and Anatoli Nistyuk
Sensors 2021, 21(17), 5763; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21175763 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1774
Abstract
Because of the specific characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks and real-time applications, the trade-off between delay and reliability imposes problems for streaming video. Buffer management and drop packets policies play a critical role in the final quality of the video received [...] Read more.
Because of the specific characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks and real-time applications, the trade-off between delay and reliability imposes problems for streaming video. Buffer management and drop packets policies play a critical role in the final quality of the video received by the end station. In this paper, we present a reactive buffer management algorithm, called Multi-Source Application Layer Automatic Repeat Request (MS-AL-ARQ), for a real-time non-interactive video streaming system installed on a standalone UAV network. This algorithm implements a selective-repeat ARQ model for a multi-source download scenario using a shared buffer for packet reordering, packet recovery, and measurement of Quality of Service (QoS) metrics (packet loss rate, delay and, delay jitter). The proposed algorithm MS-AL-ARQ will be injected on the application layer to alleviate packet loss due to wireless interference and collision while the destination node (base station) receives video data in real-time from different transmitters at the same time. Moreover, it will identify and detect packet loss events for each data flow and send Negative-Acknowledgments (NACKs) if packets were lost. Additionally, the one-way packet delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio will be calculated for each data flow to investigate the performances of the algorithm for different numbers of nodes under different network conditions. We show that the presented algorithm improves the QoS of the video data received under the worst network connection conditions. Furthermore, some congestion issues during deep analyses of the algorithm’s performances have been identified and explained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Future Networking Applications)
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16 pages, 14909 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Quality of Experience Performance Metric for UAV-Based Networks
by Abdukodir Khakimov, Evgeny Mokrov, Dmitry Poluektov, Konstantin Samouylov and Andrey Koucheryavy
Sensors 2021, 21(17), 5689; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21175689 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1617
Abstract
In this work, we consider a UAV-assisted cell in a single user scenario. We consider the Quality of Experience (QoE) performance metric calculating it as a function of the packet loss ratio. In order to acquire this metric, a radio-channel emulation system was [...] Read more.
In this work, we consider a UAV-assisted cell in a single user scenario. We consider the Quality of Experience (QoE) performance metric calculating it as a function of the packet loss ratio. In order to acquire this metric, a radio-channel emulation system was developed and tested under different conditions. The system consists of two independent blocks, separately emulating connections between the User Equipment (UE) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and between the UAV and Base station (BS). In order to estimate scenario usage constraints, an analytical model was developed. The results show that, in the described scenario, cell coverage can be enhanced with minimal impact on QoE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Future Networking Applications)
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22 pages, 8346 KiB  
Article
Modeling Optimal Location Distribution for Deployment of Flying Base Stations as On-Demand Connectivity Enablers in Real-World Scenarios
by Jiri Pokorny, Pavel Seda, Milos Seda and Jiri Hosek
Sensors 2021, 21(16), 5580; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21165580 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2465
Abstract
The amount of internet traffic generated during mass public events is significantly growing in a way that requires methods to increase the overall performance of the wireless network service. Recently, legacy methods in form of mobile cell sites, frequently called cells on wheels, [...] Read more.
The amount of internet traffic generated during mass public events is significantly growing in a way that requires methods to increase the overall performance of the wireless network service. Recently, legacy methods in form of mobile cell sites, frequently called cells on wheels, were used. However, modern technologies are allowing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a platform for network service extension instead of ground-based techniques. This results in the development of flying base stations (FBS) where the number of deployed FBSs depends on the demanded network capacity and specific user requirements. Large-scale events, such as outdoor music festivals or sporting competitions, requiring deployment of more than one FBS need a method to optimally distribute these aerial vehicles to achieve high capacity and minimize the cost. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for FBS deployment in large-scale scenarios. The model is based on a location set covering problem and the goal is to minimize the number of FBSs by finding their optimal locations. It is restricted by users’ throughput requirements and FBSs’ available throughput, also, all users that require connectivity must be served. Two meta-heuristic algorithms (cuckoo search and differential evolution) were implemented and verified on a real example of a music festival scenario. The results show that both algorithms are capable of finding a solution. The major difference is in the performance where differential evolution solves the problem six to eight times faster, thus it is more suitable for repetitive calculation. The obtained results can be used in commercial scenarios similar to the one used in this paper where providing sufficient connectivity is crucial for good user experience. The designed algorithms will serve for the network infrastructure design and for assessing the costs and feasibility of the use-case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Future Networking Applications)
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20 pages, 20288 KiB  
Article
Cellular and Virtualization Technologies for UAVs: An Experimental Perspective
by Victor Sanchez-Aguero, Luis F. Gonzalez, Francisco Valera, Ivan Vidal and Rafael A. López da Silva
Sensors 2021, 21(9), 3093; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21093093 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2970
Abstract
The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) ecosystem is exponentially growing in both recreational and professional fields to provide novel services and applications to consumers from multiple engineering fields. However, this technology has only scraped the surface of its potential, especially in those cases that [...] Read more.
The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) ecosystem is exponentially growing in both recreational and professional fields to provide novel services and applications to consumers from multiple engineering fields. However, this technology has only scraped the surface of its potential, especially in those cases that require fast reaction times. Accordingly, the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) project aims at efficiently managing the air traffic for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations, including those cases where UAVs might be remotely managed from a completely different geographical location. With these considerations in mind, this article presents a cellular-assisted UAVs testbed used to complete a mission managed beyond the radio line-of-sight (BRLoS), as well as introducing a virtualization platform for deploying services using containerization technology. In addition, the article conducts a communication performance evaluation in order to determine if the testbed equipment meets the requirements to carry out this BRLoS management. Finally, indoor flight operations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and proper operation of the testbed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Future Networking Applications)
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