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Advances in Nonconventional Pollutants and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Combustion Process

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Air, Climate Change and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 4 August 2024 | Viewed by 2885

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiajia Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: air pollution control; cross-media transport of pollutants; synergistic emission reduction effects
Dr. Bo Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: soil remediation; environmental microbiology; environmental risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Combustion processes of fuel and raw material produce a large number of air pollutants, causing potential threats to ecosystems and public health. On the one hand, owing to the application of ultra-low-emission technologies for coal-fired power plants, coal-fired industrial boilers, iron and steel smelting industries, etc., the removal efficiency of conventional pollutants (PM, SO2, NOx, etc.) improved, and then the migration of nonconventional pollutants (heavy metals, VOCs, etc.) into combustion wastes increased. The environmental geochemical behavior of nonconventional air pollutants and their environmental risks are receiving increasing attention. On the other hand, China has clearly stated that CO2 emissions should reach a peak no later than 2030 and be carbon-neutral by 2060 (“Double Carbon Target”). It is essential to conduct systematic studies on the synergistic effects and policy combinations of CO2 and air pollutant emission reductions. This Special Issue aims to collate original research papers and reviews that highlight the importance of the scientific approach in emphasizing emission characteristics, cross-media migration mechanisms, and environmental risks of nonconventional pollutants, as well as the synergistic emission reduction effects of air pollutants and CO2, facilitating the development of effective measures for fuel and raw material combustion and utilization processes in order to achieve a synergistic goal of reducing air pollution and carbon emissions, as well as green and low-carbon sustainable development in the industry.

Dr. Jiajia Gao
Dr. Bo Jiang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coal combustion
  • nonconventional pollutants
  • heavy metals
  • VOCs
  • CO2
  • emission characteristics
  • migration mechanism
  • environmental risk
  • synergistic emission reduction

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3129 KiB  
Article
Application Study on the Activated Coke for Mercury Adsorption in the Nonferrous Smelting Industry
by Yang Zheng, Guoliang Li, Jiayan Jiang, Lin Zhang and Tao Yue
Sustainability 2024, 16(1), 421; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16010421 - 03 Jan 2024
Viewed by 695
Abstract
The massive release of mercury undermines environmental sustainability, and with the official entry into force of the Minamata Convention, it is urgent to strengthen the control of mercury pollution. The effectiveness of activated coke (AC) in removing elemental mercury (Hg0) from [...] Read more.
The massive release of mercury undermines environmental sustainability, and with the official entry into force of the Minamata Convention, it is urgent to strengthen the control of mercury pollution. The effectiveness of activated coke (AC) in removing elemental mercury (Hg0) from high temperatures and sulfur nonferrous smelting flue gas before acid production was studied. Experimental results indicated that the optimal temperature for Hg0 adsorption by AC was 150 °C. And the adsorption of Hg0 by AC was predominantly attributed to physical adsorption. Flue gas components (SO2 and O2) impact studies indicated that O2 did not significantly affect Hg0 adsorption compared to pure N2. Conversely, SO2 suppressed the adsorption capacity, while the simultaneous presence of SO2 and O2 exhibited a synergistic effect in facilitating the removal of Hg0. The characterization results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the SO2 molecule favored to anchor at the Oα site, leading to the formation of SO3. This subsequently oxidized the mercury to HgSO4 instead of HgO. The study demonstrates that cheap and easily accessible AC applications in the adsorption of mercury technology may help improve the sustainability of the circular economy and positively impact various environmental aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nonconventional Pollutants and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Combustion Process)
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15 pages, 4702 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation and Mechanism Analysis of Direct Aqueous Mineral Carbonation Using Steel Slag
by Fuxia Zhu, Longpeng Cui, Yanfang Liu, Liang Zou, Jili Hou, Chenghao Li, Ge Wu, Run Xu, Bo Jiang and Zhiqiang Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(1), 81; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16010081 - 21 Dec 2023
Viewed by 791
Abstract
The carbonation of industrial calcium-rich byproducts such as steel slag demonstrates significant potential for CO2 sequestration. This technique aids in reducing carbon emissions while also promoting waste recycling. Despite its advantages, gaps remain in the understanding of how steel slag characteristics and [...] Read more.
The carbonation of industrial calcium-rich byproducts such as steel slag demonstrates significant potential for CO2 sequestration. This technique aids in reducing carbon emissions while also promoting waste recycling. Despite its advantages, gaps remain in the understanding of how steel slag characteristics and operational parameters influence the carbonation process, as well as the underlying mechanism of direct aqueous carbonation. We evaluated the carbonation performance of three types of steel slag at temperatures below 100 °C. The slag with the highest CO2 sequestration capacity was chosen for a systematic evaluation of the effects of operating conditions on carbonation efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the reactivity of CaO and Ca(OH)2 with CO2 exceeded that of CaO·SiO2 and 2CaO·SiO2. Under conditions of 85 °C, a particle size less than 75 μm, an initial CO2 pressure of 0.5 MPa, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 mL/g, and a stirring speed of 200 rpm, the steel slag achieved a sequestration capacity (K) of 283.5 g(CO2)/kg and a carbonation efficiency (ζCa) of 51.61%. Characterization of the slag before and after carbonation using X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed the formation of new carbonates. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the rate-limiting step initially involved the mass transfer of CO2, transitioning to Ca2+ mass transfer as time progressed. Our research provides a viable technique for CO2 capture and a beneficial approach for reutilizing waste steel slag. Furthermore, solid residues after capturing CO2 have the potential for conversion into carbon-negative building materials, offering a sustainable strategy for steel companies and other enterprises with high carbon emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nonconventional Pollutants and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Combustion Process)
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Review

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15 pages, 349 KiB  
Review
Emission Characteristics, Speciation, and Potential Environmental Risks of Heavy Metals from Coal-Fired Boilers: A Review
by Yali Tong, Jiajia Gao and Jingyun Ma
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11653; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su151511653 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1020
Abstract
Coal-fired boilers, including coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) and coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIBs), are an important area for achieving sustainability globally as they are one of the globally important sources of anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals (HMs) due to huge amount of coal consumption. [...] Read more.
Coal-fired boilers, including coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) and coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIBs), are an important area for achieving sustainability globally as they are one of the globally important sources of anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals (HMs) due to huge amount of coal consumption. To date, the investigation of atmospheric emission characteristics, speciation, and potential environmental risks of HMs from coal-fired boilers has received widespread attention and achieved significant progress. To characterise the emissions of HMs from coal-fired boilers, research is currently being carried out in the areas of (1) studying the release of HMs from coal combustion processes, (2) developing emission factors and emission inventories, and (3) revealing the cross-media partitioning of HMs between different output streams. Research on the chemical forms of HMs in waste from coal-fired boiler is currently focused on chemical valence and speciation components. The sequential chemical extraction method is currently the most widely used method for investigating the chemical fractionations of HMs in wastes from coal-fired boilers. Studies indicate that different HM elements display differentiated characteristics of speciation in waste from coal-fired boilers. Early studies on potential environmental risk and ecological risk caused by HMs are usually based on actual monitoring values of HMs in the target environmental media. The risk assessment code method and the leaching toxicity method are the most widely used method to study the potential environmental risk of HMs in waste from coal-fired boilers. With the implementation of global carbon emission reduction strategies, the scale of coal-fired boilers and air pollution control technologies are bound to change in the future. Therefore, as an important component of global efforts to achieve sustainable development, more research is needed in the future to improve the accuracy of emission inventories, reveal the mechanisms of HM chemical transformation, and establish methods for potential environmental risk assessment at regional scales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nonconventional Pollutants and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Combustion Process)
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