Dear Colleagues,

We live in an era of dynamics on one side and the need for more or less fundamental behavioral adaptations—in terms of travel behaviors but also in general lifestyles—on the other. In view of the challenges of climate change and the limitedness of natural resources, transportation planning and transportation policy aim to motivate people to change their travel behaviors. However, the effectiveness and usefulness of these measures and policies are frequently not clear: In addition to the intended changes, we are likely to be confronted with side-effects, e.g., rebound effects. Additionally, we frequently do not know if we observe a changed behavior causing these changes or stability in demand on an aggregated level, which could hide compensational effects (behavioral changes in different directions of different individuals or the results of some behavioral changes which are compensated by structural processes, e.g., demographic changes).

One of our jobs as transportation researchers is to evaluate the effectiveness of measures and interventions and to estimate how these measures affect travel demand volumes or model utilization. However, we all are aware that measurement and identification are complex. Surveys on travel behavior measure travel quantities at a certain point of time. Repeated surveys, e.g., before-and-after studies show that aggregated demand volumes potentially remain unchanged over time; however, these aggregated figures hide those intra-individual changes which compensate for each other.

Against this background, an improved understanding of what changes behavior and how these changes can be quantified is necessary. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue of Sustainability is twofold:

1. In terms of the survey data, we need to break down the changed quantities into the different underlying reasons and processes. The identification and measurement of changes but also their interpretation and assignment to causes (policies and interventions, structural as well as life-style changes, changed attitudes and random effects) are of central importance. This Special Issue deals first with survey approaches and data concepts (as well as combinations) to measure behavioral changes and adaptions;
2. For this Special Issue, case studies, experiences, and experiments are also welcome in which measures and policies resulting in behavioral changes have been evaluated. Amongst these case studies can be policies, interventions, the evaluation of new mobility services, infrastructural measures, pricing policies, as well as any form of soft policies. Further, the adoption of new services and behaviors is of interest. It would be preferable if the evaluation concept is explained (before-and-after studies, data-collection concept, etc.).

Dr. Bastian Chlond
Guest Editor

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• sustainable tourism
• tourism development
• travel demand
• travel surveys
• tourism planning
• environment and climate change
• tourist behavior
• tour planning and operations