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Vaccines
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People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility
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People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 44348

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Russell Kabir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Allied Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
Interests: research methodology; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ali Davod Parsa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB11PT, UK
Interests: allied health and medicine; public health; clinical trials; global healthcare; health policy and management; health; social care and medical innovation; health economics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

When we examine history, we observe that the world has witnessed dozens of pandemics that have impacted the lives of human beings at the regional level. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected many people around the globe. For almost a year and half, people’s day-to-day lives have been disrupted, and lockdowns have been imposed by government officials to curb the infection rate. Scientists from all over the world have been looking for a way out of this situation. When, finally, the news of the COVID-19 vaccines came into the public domain, people showed differences of opinion on vaccine uptake. The COVID-19 vaccines were developed in a short period of time, whereas the vaccines for other infectious diseases usually take five to ten years. A lack of knowledge on the side effects of the vaccine and religious and cultural barriers, coupled with stigma attached to vaccine uptake, are preventing people from taking up the new COVID-19 vaccines. At the same time, the world has observed an unequal distribution of COVID-19 vaccines among richer and poorer countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic and need for mass vaccination in order to break the chain of infection globally has led to debates surrounding medical ethics principles from two different perspectives: the individual and the community. While the best interests of individuals and their autonomy are respected, the best interests of the population must also be protected.

A strategic vision for pandemic control across different countries must include all the potential gains from population-level immunity—not only health improvements and the prevention of mortality and morbidity but also strong psychosocial and economic  protection from further catastrophic consequences. Vaccine hesitancy is a reality but needs to be addressed and minimized, and there are several factors associated with it globally. However, to overcome this critical challenge during the management of the pandemic, it is the responsibility of not only public health practitioners but also the global science community, influential and popular individuals, and political leaders to raise public awareness through health-promotion campaigns.

Emerging scientific evidence from population-level vaccinations will accelerate the global promotion of vaccination.

In this Special Issue, we are calling for contributors from every corner of the world to disseminate research activities related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccine-shortage issues.

Dr. Russell Kabir
Dr. Ali Davod Parsa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • hesitancy
  • vaccine shortage

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Published Papers (16 papers)

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17 pages, 1266 KiB  
Article
Profiles of People Who Carried Out Late Primary Vaccination against COVID-19 in the Region of Murcia
by Amaya Bernal-Alonso, María Cruz Gómez-Moreno, Matilde Zornoza-Moreno, María Belén Laorden-Ochando, Francisca Isabel Tornel-Miñarro and Jaime Jesús Pérez-Martín
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 732; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11040732 - 25 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1144
Abstract
Despite the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy is a matter of concern. Despite a lower disease incidence, people continue to start primo-vaccination late. The aim of this study is to characterize people late primo-vaccinated and the reasons that led them to [...] Read more.
Despite the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy is a matter of concern. Despite a lower disease incidence, people continue to start primo-vaccination late. The aim of this study is to characterize people late primo-vaccinated and the reasons that led them to start vaccination. A quantitative, descriptive and prospective study was performed on the basis of phone surveys of people vaccinated from February to May 2022 in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The survey included socio-demographic and COVID-19 information, self-perception risk, vaccine security, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, reasons for not being vaccinated and reasons that have led them to vaccination. From a total of 1768 people receiving primo-vaccination, 798 people were contacted, and 338 people completed the survey. Among the interviewed people, 57% reported non-health-related reasons to get vaccinated, travel reasons being the primary one. The most reported health-related reason was a fear of COVID-19. There was a significant positive association between vaccination for health-related reasons and female gender (β = 0.72), cohabiting with a vulnerable person (β = 0.97), higher self-perceived risk (β = 0.13) and vaccine security dimension (β = 0.14). We identified two different profiles of people with late COVID-19 primo-vaccination, with health-related or non-health-related reasons. This work can be useful in designing specific communication strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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15 pages, 932 KiB  
Article
Determinants Influenced by COVID-19 Vaccine: Employing the Health Action Process Approach and the Belief in Conspiracy Theories
by Bireswar Dutta
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 730; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11040730 - 25 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1367
Abstract
Vaccination is considered a practical approach to improving individuals’ health behavior to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the currently manufactured COVID-19 vaccines can only work for a limited time. Thus, continuous vaccination intention is crucially essential. The current study explores critical factors [...] Read more.
Vaccination is considered a practical approach to improving individuals’ health behavior to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the currently manufactured COVID-19 vaccines can only work for a limited time. Thus, continuous vaccination intention is crucially essential. The current study explores critical factors influencing citizens’ continuous vaccination intentions for COVID-19 vaccines, based on the modified health action process approach (HAPA) model and belief in a conspiracy theory. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from people living in Taiwan. Three hundred ninety responses were employed for the final investigation. The findings suggest that openness to experience, government communication, and pandemic knowledge significantly influence vaccination intention, but the COVID-19 threat is insignificant. Second, descriptive norms play a significant role in promoting vaccination intention. Third, a belief in conspiracy theories negatively influences vaccination intention. Fourth, vaccination behavior positively influences both perceived benefits and value co-creation. Fifth, perceived benefits positively impact value co-creation and continuous vaccination behavior. Finally, value co-creation has a significant influence on continuous vaccination behavior. The proposed model, the key contributor to the current study, confirms citizens’ continuous vaccination intentions in a three-stage procedure: motivation to volitional, volitional to behavior, and volitional to continuous vaccination intention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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15 pages, 1142 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Approach towards Vaccination against COVID-19 among the Polish Population—In Relation to Sociodemographic Factors and Physical and Mental Health
by Justyna Gołębiowska, Anna Zimny-Zając, Mateusz Dróżdż, Sebastian Makuch, Krzysztof Dudek, Grzegorz Mazur and Siddarth Agrawal
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 700; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11030700 - 19 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, the world has faced a huge challenge with their general acceptance, including Poland. For this reason, we attempted to determine the sociodemographic factors influencing the decision of positive or negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. The [...] Read more.
Due to the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, the world has faced a huge challenge with their general acceptance, including Poland. For this reason, we attempted to determine the sociodemographic factors influencing the decision of positive or negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. The analysis included 200,000 Polish participants—80,831 women (40.4%) and 119,169 men (59.6%). The results revealed that the most common reasons for vaccine refusal and hesitancy were the fear of post-vaccination complications and their safety (11,913/31,338, 38.0%; 9966/31,338, 31.8%). Negative attitudes were observed more often among male respondents with primary or secondary education (OR = 2.01, CI95% [1.86–2.17] and OR = 1.52, CI95% [1.41–1.63], respectively). On the other hand, older age ≥ 65 (OR = 3.69; 95%CI [3.44–3.96]), higher education level (OR = 2.14; 95%CI [2.07–2.22]), living in big cities with a range of 200,000–499,999 inhabitants and more than 500,000 inhabitants (OR = 1.57, CI95% [1.50–1.64] and OR = 1.90, CI95% [1.83–1.98], respectively), good physical conditions (OR = 2.05; CI95% [1.82–2.31]), and at last normal mental health conditions (OR = 1.67, CI95% [1.51–1.85]) were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Our study indicates which population group should be further supplied with data and information by health education, the government, and healthcare professionals to alleviate the negative attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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11 pages, 265 KiB  
Article
Perception of Availability, Accessibility, and Affordability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in India
by Akshay Ayappan, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Ananthesh L., Raushan Kumar Chaudhary, Uday Venkat Mateti, Adithi Kellarai, Mazhuvanchery Kesavan Unnikrishnan, Jaclyn Drishal Dsouza, Ali Davod Parsa, Russell Kabir and Ranjit Sah
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2009; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10122009 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2402
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to identify the perceptions and issues regarding the affordability, availability, and accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination and determine the extent of vaccine hesitancy among non-vaccinated individuals. Methods: A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 575 individuals for a period [...] Read more.
Background: The current study aimed to identify the perceptions and issues regarding the affordability, availability, and accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination and determine the extent of vaccine hesitancy among non-vaccinated individuals. Methods: A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 575 individuals for a period of six months. All the relevant information was collected using the peer-validated survey questionnaire. An independent t-test was applied to check the association between variables. Results: Among 575 participants, 80.8% were vaccinated, and 19.2% were non-vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 35.1% were vaccinated in private centres and 64.9% in public health centres (PHC). In total, 32% had accessibility issues and 24.5% had availability issues. However, responders vaccinated at PHC were having more issues in comparison to other groups which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the 163 privately vaccinated participants, 69.9% found it completely affordable. Another 26.9% and 3.1% found vaccines partly affordable and a little unaffordable. Among the 110 non-vaccinated, 38.1% were found to be vaccine-hesitant. Conclusions: Individuals vaccinated at PHC experienced issues such as long waiting times, unavailability of doses, and registration. Further, a significant level of hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines was observed. The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines contributed to negative attitudes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
13 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Fear of COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy among Pregnant Women in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Kinga Janik, Kinga Nietupska, Grazyna Iwanowicz-Palus and Mateusz Cybulski
Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1700; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10101700 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to anxiety and stress, and the COVID-19 pandemic has definitely contributed to anxiety in this group. Researchers continue their work on COVID-19 vaccine formulations to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and minimise the impact of [...] Read more.
Introduction: Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to anxiety and stress, and the COVID-19 pandemic has definitely contributed to anxiety in this group. Researchers continue their work on COVID-19 vaccine formulations to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and minimise the impact of the pandemic. Despite the increased prevalence and severity of anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine vary. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety experienced by pregnant women due to COVID-19 and their attitudes to vaccination. Materials and methods: A total of 595 women voluntarily participated in the study. The respondents were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 288), which consisted of women who were pregnant at the time of the survey, and the control group (n = 307), which included women of reproductive age (18–49 years). The study used a diagnostic survey method with a web-based questionnaire consisting of the author’s survey questionnaire and the following standardised tools: the Scale to Measure the Perception of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Acceptance (VAC-COVID-19 SCALE), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (DrVac-COVID19S) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Results: The level of COVID-related anxiety differed depending on the tool used. Mild anxiety was reported for CAS, while FCV-19S showed its moderate levels. Both pregnant women and women of reproductive age showed high scores in VAC-COVID-19 and DrVac-COVID19S. The mean VAC-COVID-19 scores were 41.44 in the study group and 44.26 in the control group, and the mean DrVac-COVID19S scores were 51.25 in pregnant women and 55.85 in women of reproductive age. This indicates a high level of acceptance of and positive attitudes toward vaccinations. Conclusions: Pregnant women showed moderate coronavirus anxiety. Women in both the study group and the control group showed mostly positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
14 pages, 1794 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Australian Patients with Solid Organ Cancers
by Nathan Bain, Mike Nguyen, Lisa Grech, Daphne Day, Amelia McCartney, Kate Webber, Alastair Kwok, Sam Harris, Hieu Chau, Bryan Chan, Louise Nott, Nada Hamad, Annette Tognela, Craig Underhill, Bao Sheng Loe, Daniel Freeman, Eva Segelov and on behalf of the CANVACCS Investigators
Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1373; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10091373 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2009
Abstract
Background: Vaccination is the cornerstone of the global public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Excess morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection is seen in people with cancer. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been observed in this medically vulnerable population, although associated attitudes and [...] Read more.
Background: Vaccination is the cornerstone of the global public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Excess morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection is seen in people with cancer. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been observed in this medically vulnerable population, although associated attitudes and beliefs remain poorly understood. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of people with solid organ cancers was conducted through nine health services across Australia. Demographics, cancer-related characteristics and vaccine uptake were collected. Perceptions and beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccination were assessed using the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Complacency Scale and the Disease Influenced Vaccine Acceptance Scale-6. Results: Between June and October 2021, 2691 people with solid organ cancers completed the survey. The median age was 62.5 years (SD = 11.8; range 19–95), 40.9% were male, 71.3% lived in metropolitan areas and 90.3% spoke English as their first language. The commonest cancer diagnoses were breast (36.6%), genitourinary (18.6%) and gastrointestinal (18.3%); 59.2% had localized disease and 56.0% were receiving anti-cancer therapy. Most participants (79.7%) had at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Vaccine uptake was higher in people who were older, male, metropolitan, spoke English as a first language and had a cancer diagnosis for more than six months. Vaccine hesitancy was higher in people who were younger, female, spoke English as a non-dominant language and lived in a regional location, and lower in people with genitourinary cancer. Vaccinated respondents were more concerned about being infected with COVID-19 and less concerned about vaccine safety and efficacy. Conclusions: People with cancer have concerns about acquiring COVID-19, which they balance against vaccine-related concerns about the potential impact on their disease progress and/or treatment. Detailed exploration of concerns in cancer patients provides valuable insights, both for discussions with individual patients and public health messaging for this vulnerable population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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10 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Vaccination Intention against COVID-19 among the Unvaccinated in Jordan during the Early Phase of the Vaccination Drive: A Cross-Sectional Survey
by Ilias Mahmud, Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam, Divya Vinnakota, Khalid A. Kheirallah, Mahmoud F. Jaber, Adil Abalkhail, Ibrahim Alasqah, Thamer Alslamah and Russell Kabir
Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10071159 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
Objective: This study assessed the intention and predictors of accepting the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Jordan. Method: A national-level online survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in Jordan between June and September 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to report [...] Read more.
Objective: This study assessed the intention and predictors of accepting the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Jordan. Method: A national-level online survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in Jordan between June and September 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to report vaccination intent. In addition, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to evaluate the association between vaccination intent and its predictors. Results: A total of 2307 adults participated. Most of them (83.7%) expressed an intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Their vaccination intention was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with male gender (aOR: 2.6), residence in the Amman region (aOR: 51.8), and no history of COVID-19 infection (aOR: 6.0). In contrast, individuals aged 50-64 years (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.001), Jordanians (aOR: 0.7, p = 0.038), and those with an occupation designated as “other” (unemployed, general workers, housewives) (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.001) were less likely to have a positive vaccination intent. Among the health belief model constructs, perceived future (aOR: 2.8) and present (aOR: 5.0) susceptibility to COVID-19 infection; severity of complications (aOR: 9.9); and benefits (aOR: 100.8) were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a higher likelihood of having a vaccination intent. On the other hand, individuals who are concerned about the efficacy (aOR: 0.2) and side effects (aOR: 0.2) of the vaccine were less likely to have a positive vaccination intent (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite having high rates of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, Jordanians, older adults and housewives, general workers and unemployed individuals were less likely to be vaccinated. These findings highlight that need-based public health campaigns are necessary to ensure maximum COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Jordan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
14 pages, 3167 KiB  
Article
Willingness to Accept the COVID-19 Vaccine and Related Factors among Indian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Rahul Krishna Puvvada, Malavika Shankar, Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah, Koustav Ganguly, Swapna Upadhyay and Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10071095 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
To achieve herd immunity to a disease, a large portion of the population needs to be vaccinated, which is possible only when there is broad acceptance of the vaccine within the community. Thus, policymakers need to understand how the general public will perceive [...] Read more.
To achieve herd immunity to a disease, a large portion of the population needs to be vaccinated, which is possible only when there is broad acceptance of the vaccine within the community. Thus, policymakers need to understand how the general public will perceive the vaccine. This study focused on the degree of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal and explored sociodemographic correlations that influence vaccine hesitancy and refusal. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the adult population of India. The survey consisted of basic demographic questions and questions from the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale. Multinomial logistical regression was used to identify correlates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Of the 1582 people in the study, 9% refused to become vaccinated and 30.8% were hesitant. We found that both hesitancy and refusal predictors were nearly identical (lower socioeconomic status, female gender, and older age groups), except for three groups (subjects aged 45–64 years, those with approximate income <10,000 INR/month, and those residing in rural households) that showed slightly higher odds of vaccine hesitancy than refusal. We need to address the underlying sociodemographic determinants and formulate public awareness programs to address specific subgroups that are at higher risk of rejecting the vaccine and convert those who are undecided or hesitant into those willing to accept the vaccine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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14 pages, 846 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Morocco: Applying the Health Belief Model
by Imane Berni, Aziza Menouni, Younes Filali Zegzouti, Marie-Paule Kestemont, Lode Godderis and Samir El Jaafari
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 784; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10050784 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2996
Abstract
To identify factors that influenced Moroccans’ intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, a cross-sectional survey among a Moroccan sample was conducted based on Health Belief Model constructs. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and [...] Read more.
To identify factors that influenced Moroccans’ intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, a cross-sectional survey among a Moroccan sample was conducted based on Health Belief Model constructs. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and intention to receive vaccine data were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). The survey was completed by 3800 individuals; 57.2% were men, 44.5% were aged 30 to 44, and 44.6% were married. After controlling for confounders, being a woman and having a chronic disease were associated with higher acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The strongest predictor for the intention of receiving a vaccine was participants who were married. Most of the HBM constructs were shown to be significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. Susceptibility and Benefits were the strongest predictors of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine (standardized path coefficient, SPC = 0.23), followed by Severity (SPC = 0.22). Conversely, given the negative correlation between barriers and intention (SPC = −0.08), it is necessary to maintain a high level of transparency regarding the vaccines’ safety. Our study provides guidance for an implementation of vaccination strategies, intending to bolster the overall COVID-19 immunization program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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14 pages, 557 KiB  
Article
Health Beliefs and Socioeconomic Determinants of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Acceptance: An Indonesian Cross-Sectional Study
by Gede Benny Setia Wirawan, Ngakan Putu Anom Harjana, Nur Wulan Nugrahani and Pande Putu Januraga
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 724; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10050724 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2941
Abstract
Introduction: The threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates the need to implement COVID-19 vaccine booster programs. The aim of this study was to identify the level of booster acceptance and its determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jakarta and Bali, [...] Read more.
Introduction: The threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates the need to implement COVID-19 vaccine booster programs. The aim of this study was to identify the level of booster acceptance and its determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Booster acceptance was divided into three categories: non-acceptor, planned acceptor, and actual acceptor. The primary independent variables were health beliefs, media influence, and trust in authoritative sources. Other covariates included demographics, socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 history. A primary analysis was conducted through multinomial logistic regression. The effects of the hypothetical situations on booster acceptance were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The final analysis included 2674 respondents with a booster acceptance rate of 56.3% (41.2% planned acceptors, 15.1% actual acceptors). Health beliefs, social media influence, and trust in authoritative information sources were identified as determinants for planned and actual booster acceptance. Socioeconomic status indicators were also identified as determinants for actual booster acceptance. Booster acceptance was increased in hypothetical scenarios involving booster requirements for work, travel, and accessing public places. Conclusions: Booster acceptance was found to be lower than the predicted primary vaccine acceptance prior to its launch. The acceleration of booster coverage requires strategies that leverage health beliefs and focus on people with a lower socioeconomic status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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12 pages, 488 KiB  
Article
Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Students toward COVID-19 Vaccine in Saudi Arabia
by Syed Shahid Habib, Musab Saleh Alamri, Mudafr Mahmoud Alkhedr, Mohammad Abdullah Alkhorijah, Rayan Dhafer Jabaan and Mubarak Khalid Alanzi
Vaccines 2022, 10(4), 541; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10040541 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2379
Abstract
Medical students are the future caregivers of communities, and therefore it is important to rectify their misconceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine. We aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes among medical students toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia and to compare the [...] Read more.
Medical students are the future caregivers of communities, and therefore it is important to rectify their misconceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine. We aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes among medical students toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia and to compare the level of knowledge between preclinical and clinical years. This epidemiological cross-sectional study of 1445 (47.3% were pre-clinical and 52.7% were clinical year) medical students was conducted at various universities in Saudi Arabia using a simple random sampling technique. The results revealed that 34.3% students did not know how the Pfizer vaccine worked, with a high proportion in preclinical students (69.4%). Almost 37% of participants thought that one could become infected with COVID-19 via the COVID-19 vaccine, and 67.1% of these students were pre-clinical. About 22.6% of students did not trust COVID-19 vaccine information from the health ministry, and the majority of them (79.8%) were pre-clinical. Vaccine hesitancy was shown by about 33.3% (n = 481) of subjects, and surprisingly, almost half of them (48.6%) thought that the COVID-19 vaccine involved conspiracy; the majority of them were pre-clinical (97.9%). The overall response of students indicates a significantly lower level of knowledge and increased negative attitudes of preclinical students toward the COVID-19 vaccine. However, the vast majority of students agreed on the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine to decrease the spread of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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15 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
COVID-19-Related Vaccine Hesitancy among Community Hospitals’ Healthcare Workers in Singapore
by Junjie Aw, Sharna Si Ying Seah, Benjamin Jun Jie Seng and Lian Leng Low
Vaccines 2022, 10(4), 537; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10040537 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2852
Abstract
COVID-19 has culminated in widespread infections and increased deaths over the last 3 years. In addition, it has also resulted in collateral economic and geopolitical tensions. Vaccination remains one of the cornerstones in the fight against COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy must be critically evaluated [...] Read more.
COVID-19 has culminated in widespread infections and increased deaths over the last 3 years. In addition, it has also resulted in collateral economic and geopolitical tensions. Vaccination remains one of the cornerstones in the fight against COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy must be critically evaluated in individual countries to promote vaccine uptake. We describe a survey conducted in three Singapore community hospitals looking at healthcare workers’ vaccine hesitancy and the barriers for its uptake. The online anonymous survey was conducted from March to July 2021 on all staff across three community hospital sites in SingHealth Singapore. The questionnaire was developed following a scoping review and was pilot tested and finalized into a 58-item instrument capturing data on demographics, contextual features, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and other vaccine-related factors in the vaccine hesitancy matrix. Logistic regression analysis was employed for all co-variates that are significant in univariate analysis. The response rate was 23.9%, and the vaccine hesitancy prevalence was 48.5% in the initial phase of the pandemic. On logistic regression analysis, only being female, a younger age, not having had a loved one or friend infected with COVID-19 and obtaining information from newspapers were associated with vaccine hesitancy in healthcare workers in Singapore community hospitals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
10 pages, 468 KiB  
Communication
The Impact of Ethical Leadership, Commitment and Healthy/Safe Workplace Practices toward Employee Attitude to COVID-19 Vaccination/Implantation in the Banking Sector in Lebanon
by Samira Kabbani, Silva Karkoulian, Puzant Balozian and Sandra Rizk
Vaccines 2022, 10(3), 416; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10030416 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2603
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of ethical leadership, commitment and healthy/safe workplace practices toward employee COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, this study examines the perception of employees from technological intrusive vaccination of chips or quantum dot. In our research, we adopted the social exchange [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effect of ethical leadership, commitment and healthy/safe workplace practices toward employee COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, this study examines the perception of employees from technological intrusive vaccination of chips or quantum dot. In our research, we adopted the social exchange theory as its theoretical framework. Moreover, an online questionnaire was distributed to employees working in the banking sector in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 244 bankers completed the survey. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 26 and SmartPLS to test the relationship between the variables. The results generated showed a positive relationship between ethical leadership, commitment, and safety influencing employees to accept vaccination but not necessarily technological intrusive vaccination (chip or quantum dot). We suggest that organizations should influence leaders to enhance proper behaviors and attitudes to create a healthy, safe, and ethical culture that consequently increases employees’ commitment. Finally, this study recommends future researchers to investigate the topic of COVID-19 vaccination and test other employees’ perception from different industries and countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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Review

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11 pages, 852 KiB  
Review
Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Olga Siskou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa and Daphne Kaitelidou
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 766; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10050766 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 3801
Abstract
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is essential to control the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines are now recommended during pregnancy to prevent adverse outcomes. With this review, we aimed to evaluate the evidence in the literature regarding the uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations among pregnant women. A [...] Read more.
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is essential to control the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines are now recommended during pregnancy to prevent adverse outcomes. With this review, we aimed to evaluate the evidence in the literature regarding the uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations among pregnant women. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, CINAHL, and medRxiv from inception to 23 March 2022. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the overall proportion of pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19. We found 11 studies including 703,004 pregnant women. The overall proportion of pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19 was 27.5% (95% CI: 18.8–37.0%). Predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake were older age, ethnicity, race, trust in COVID-19 vaccines, and fear of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Mistrust in the government, diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy, and fears about the safety and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines were reasons for declining vaccination. The global COVID-19 vaccination prevalence in pregnant women is low. A large gap exists in the literature on the factors influencing the decision of pregnant women to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Targeted information campaigns are essential to increase vaccine literacy among pregnant women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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21 pages, 3782 KiB  
Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary, Md Ashraful Alam, Mondira Bardhan, Asma Safia Disha, Md. Zahidul Haque, Sharif Mutasim Billah, Md Pervez Kabir, Matthew H. E. M. Browning, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Ali Davod Parsa and Russell Kabir
Vaccines 2022, 10(3), 427; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10030427 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 85 | Viewed by 7109
Abstract
Widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic. Despite the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations, low-and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) continue to encounter barriers to care owing to inequitable access and vaccine apprehension. This study aimed to summarize the available [...] Read more.
Widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic. Despite the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations, low-and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) continue to encounter barriers to care owing to inequitable access and vaccine apprehension. This study aimed to summarize the available data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates and factors associated with acceptance in LMICs. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception through August 2021. Quality assessments of the included studies were carried out using the eight-item Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate pooled acceptance rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A total of 83,867 respondents from 33 countries were studied. Most of the studies were conducted in India (n = 9), Egypt (n = 6), Bangladesh (n = 4), or Nigeria (n = 4). The pooled-effect size of the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 58.5% (95% CI: 46.9, 69.7, I2 = 100%, 33 studies) and the pooled vaccine hesitancy rate was 38.2% (95% CI: 27.2–49.7, I2 = 100%, 32 studies). In country-specific sub-group analyses, India showed the highest rates of vaccine acceptancy (76.7%, 95% CI: 65.8–84.9%, I2= 98%), while Egypt showed the lowest rates of vaccine acceptancy (42.6%, 95% CI: 16.6–73.5%, I2= 98%). Being male and perceiving risk of COVID-19 infection were predictors for willingness to accept the vaccine. Increasing vaccine acceptance rates in the global south should be prioritized to advance global vaccination coverage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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Other

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17 pages, 3098 KiB  
Case Report
COVID-19 Vaccination Drive in a Low-Volume Primary Care Clinic: Challenges & Lessons Learned in Using Homegrown Self-Scheduling Web-Based Mobile Platforms
by Reita N. Agarwal, Rajesh Aggarwal, Pridhviraj Nandarapu, Hersheth Aggarwal, Ashmit Verma, Absarul Haque and Manish K. Tripathi
Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1072; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10071072 - 03 Jul 2022
Viewed by 2563
Abstract
Background: The whole of humanity has suffered dire consequences related to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination of the world base population is considered the most promising and challenging approach to achieving herd immunity. As healthcare organizations took on the extensive task [...] Read more.
Background: The whole of humanity has suffered dire consequences related to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination of the world base population is considered the most promising and challenging approach to achieving herd immunity. As healthcare organizations took on the extensive task of vaccinating the entire U.S. population, digital health companies expanded their automated health platforms in order to help ease the administrative burdens of mass inoculation. Although some software companies offer free applications to large organizations, there are prohibitive costs for small clinics such as the Good Health Associates Clinic (GHAC) for integrating and implementing new self-scheduling software into our e-Clinical Works (ECW) Electronic Health Record (EHR). These cost burdens resulted in a search that extended beyond existing technology, and in investing in new solutions to make it easier, more efficient, more cost-effective, and more scalable. Objective: In comparison to commercial entities, primary care clinics (PCCs) have the advantage of engaging the population for vaccination through personalized continuity of clinical care due to good rapport between their patients and the PCC team. In order to support the overall national campaign to prevent COVID-19 infections and restore public health, the GHAC wanted to make COVID-19 vaccination accessible to its patients and to the communities it serves. We aimed to achieve a coordinated COVID-19 vaccination drive in our community through our small primary care clinic by developing and using an easily implementable, cost-effective self-registration and scheduling web-based mobile platform, using the principle of “C.D.S. Five Rights”. Results: Overall, the Moderna vaccination drive using our developed self-registration and scheduling web portal and SMS messaging mobile platform improved vaccination uptake (51%) compared to overall vaccination uptake in our town, county (36%), and state (39%) during April–July 2021. Conclusions: Based on our experience during this COVID-19 vaccination drive, we conclude that PCCs have significant leverage as “invaluable warriors”, along with government and media education available, to engage patients for vaccination uptake; this leads to national preventive health spread in our population, and reduces expenses related to acute illness and hospitalization. In terms of cost-effectiveness, small PCCs are worthy of government-sponsored funding and incentives, including mandating EHR vendors to provide free (or minimal fee) software for patient self-registration and scheduling, in order to improve vaccination drive access. Hence, improved access to personalized informative continuity of clinical care in the PCC setting is a “critical link” in accelerating similar cost-effective campaigns in patient vaccine uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Accessibility)
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