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Water
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Science and Technology for Water Purification
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Science and Technology for Water Purification

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6128

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuanfeng Qi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
Interests: wastewater recycling and resource; by-product analysis and remedy; novel management methodology; specific fillers and carriers; processing models; wastewater reactors; the construction of wastewater engineering; wastewater eco-environmental damage and evaluation
Dr. Kai He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2 University Road, Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: water and wastewater engineering; water quality; water and wastewater treatment ;water analysis; drinking water quality; water chemistry; environmental analysis; environmental remediation; environmental biodegradation biological effluent treatment processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jing Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engingeering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Interests: water treatment; wastewater treatment; membrane technology; biofilm reactor; clean energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhishui Liang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast Univeristy, Nanjing 211189, China
Interests: water treatment; wastewater treatment; ecological remediation; soil and water conservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water resource scarcity and water pollution are serious problems threatening the whole world. The supply of adequate freshwater is essential in order to guarantee the welfare of people and global economy development. Continuous research on water and wastewater treatment has promoted the evolution of water purification science and technology, leading to the greater accessibility and affordability of clean water. Emerging technologies have also been studied to further support sustainable water supply.

This Special Issue on “Science and Technology for Water Purification” seeks contributions that explore promising water and wastewater treatment technology, as well as related scientific topics. Solutions to renew existing water purification technology, in terms of pollutant removal efficiency, energy consumption, and resource recovery, will also be covered.

In this Special Issue, research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following topics:

  • The evaluation and performance of wastewater reactors and techniques;
  • The identification, analysis, and remedy of novel pollutant and by-product;
  • Wastewater eco-environmental damage and evaluation;
  • Novel materials for wastewater treatment;
  • Processing models and process management;
  • Eco-friendly wastewater engineering;
  • Wastewater recycling, reuse, and resource.

Authors are invited to submit their latest results; both original research articles and reviews are welcomed.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Yuanfeng Qi
Dr. Kai He
Prof. Dr. Jing Wei
Dr. Zhishui Liang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • recycling and resource
  • pollutant removal
  • by-product remedy
  • process management
  • specific fillers and carriers
  • processing models
  • reactors
  • wastewater engineering
  • identification and analysis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2502 KiB  
Article
Alkaline Chemical Neutralization to Treat Acid Mine Drainage with High Concentrations of Iron and Manganese
by Pingping Zhao, Ruiming Zhang and Mengdi Hu
Water 2024, 16(6), 821; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16060821 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 818
Abstract
Due to its high acidity and toxic metal content, acid mine drainage (AMD) needs to be properly treated before being discharged into the environment. This study took the AMD collected from one specific mine in China as a sample and investigated the treatment [...] Read more.
Due to its high acidity and toxic metal content, acid mine drainage (AMD) needs to be properly treated before being discharged into the environment. This study took the AMD collected from one specific mine in China as a sample and investigated the treatment methodology for AMD. The water quality of the AMD was measured, and the sample was treated with caustic soda (NaOH) and shell powder (one kind of conventional neutralizer, mainly composed of CaCO3) by the neutralization method. The results show that the AMD has a relatively low pH (2.16) and contains high concentrations of Fe (77.54 g/L), Mn (621.29 mg/L), Cu (6.54 mg/L), Ca (12.39 mg/L), and Mg (55.04 mg/L). NaOH was an effective neutralizer to treat the AMD and performed much better than shell powder. Various metals were precipitated, in the order of Fe(III), Cu, Fe(II), Mn, Ca, and Mg. The metal removal mechanisms included precipitation, adsorption, and co-precipitation. The optimal reaction conditions were the reaction duration was selected as 5 min and the mass ratio of NaOH to AMD was 0.16:1 (w:v). By this stage, the pH rapidly increased from 2.16 to 8.53 during AMD-NaOH interactions and various metals were efficiently removed (from 86.71% to 99.99%) by NaOH. The residual mass concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ca, and Mg after the treatment were 1.52, 1.77, 0.10, 1.65, and 2.17 mg/L, respectively. These data revealed that NaOH was a good treatment regent for this kind of AMD, based on the discharge criteria of China (GB28661 2012). Also, the shell powder was a helpful neutralizer for pH adjustment and copper removal. This neutralization method has the advantages of convenient operation, high speed, good effect, simple equipment, and low infrastructure cost. In addition, the resulting neutralized residue is a valuable and high-quality raw material, which can be used in metal smelting and separation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology for Water Purification)
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17 pages, 9213 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Fenton, Photo-Fenton and Fenton-like Processes in Degradation of PE, PP, and PVC Microplastics
by Kristina Bule Možar, Martina Miloloža, Viktorija Martinjak, Floren Radovanović-Perić, Arijeta Bafti, Magdalena Ujević Bošnjak, Marinko Markić, Tomislav Bolanča, Matija Cvetnić, Dajana Kučić Grgić and Šime Ukić
Water 2024, 16(5), 673; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16050673 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1002
Abstract
The global problem of microplastics in the environment is “inspiring” scientists to find environmentally friendly and economically viable methods to remove these pollutants from the environment. Advanced oxidation processes are among the most promising methods. In this work, the potential of Fenton, photo-Fenton, [...] Read more.
The global problem of microplastics in the environment is “inspiring” scientists to find environmentally friendly and economically viable methods to remove these pollutants from the environment. Advanced oxidation processes are among the most promising methods. In this work, the potential of Fenton, photo-Fenton, and Fenton-like processes for the degradation of microplastics from low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in water suspensions was investigated. The influence of three parameters on the efficiency of the degradation process was tested: the pH of the medium (3–7), the mass of added iron (10–50 times less than the mass of microplastics), and the mass of added H2O2 (5–25 times more than the mass of added iron). The effectiveness of the treatment was monitored by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. After 60-min treatments, the PP microparticles were found to be insensitive. In the Fenton treatment of PVC and the photo-Fenton treatment of LDPE and PVC, changes in the FTIR spectra related to the degradation of the microplastics were observed. In these three cases, the treatment parameters were optimized. It was found that a low pH (3) and a high iron mass (optimal values were 1/12 and 1/10 of the mass of the microplastics for LDPE and PVC, respectively) favored all three. The degradation of LDPE by the photo-Fenton treatment was favored by high H2O2 concentrations (25 times higher than the mass of iron), while these concentrations were significantly lower for PVC (11 and 15 times for the Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment, respectively), suggesting that scavenging activity occurs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology for Water Purification)
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12 pages, 4910 KiB  
Communication
Study on Plugging Material and Plugging Mechanism of Crude Oil Sand Water Filter Pipe
by Wenhui Zhang, Qingfeng Liu, Hengyu Chen, Huibin Sheng, Jingen Yan, Yongtao Gu, Xianqiang Huang and Bingchuan Yang
Water 2023, 15(21), 3714; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15213714 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 854
Abstract
In order to develop the biological self-cleaning anti-clogging high-permeability sand filter tube, it is very important to analyze the plugging material and plugging mechanism of crude oil sand water filter. Under laboratory conditions, based on vacuum drying, condensation reflux, chromatographic separation, and other [...] Read more.
In order to develop the biological self-cleaning anti-clogging high-permeability sand filter tube, it is very important to analyze the plugging material and plugging mechanism of crude oil sand water filter. Under laboratory conditions, based on vacuum drying, condensation reflux, chromatographic separation, and other technologies, the plugging components were preliminarily analyzed. The plugging components were analyzed via XRD, infrared analysis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Through analysis and testing, XRD results showed that the solid compositions were clay and sand grains. Meanwhile, the infrared analysis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the main components of the plug are asphaltene crude oil, and the proportion of aromatic components and saturated components is close. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology for Water Purification)
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16 pages, 3038 KiB  
Article
Microbiological Mechanisms for Nitrogen Removal Using Anaerobic Fermentation Liquid from Spent Mushroom Substrates as a Carbon Source
by Ruihuan Chen, Weihong Zhang, Xiaohui Bi, Yan Jin and Yunlong Yang
Water 2023, 15(20), 3530; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15203530 - 10 Oct 2023
Viewed by 846
Abstract
In wastewater treatment, a low C/N ratio highly inhibits the bioremoval of nitrogen, and commercial external carbon sources are widely used. In order to obtain an economical substitute, fermentation broth of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) was employed here as a carbon source for [...] Read more.
In wastewater treatment, a low C/N ratio highly inhibits the bioremoval of nitrogen, and commercial external carbon sources are widely used. In order to obtain an economical substitute, fermentation broth of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) was employed here as a carbon source for denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). During the domestication process, the SMS fermentation broth-feeding treatment presented comparable nitrogen removal ability (74.44%) with a commercial carbon source group (77.99%). Rhodobacter, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas were the dominant bacteria in the fermentation broth, and Saccharomycetales Gymnopilus dilepis was the dominant fungi. At the early domestication stage, the relatively high concentration of fermentation broth led to a much lower abundance of typical nitrate reductase genes than the control group. Furthermore, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) formation was observed in the broth-feeding sample. The microbial structure dynamic was investigated, which showed a high influent effect when 20% fermentation broth was added. As domestication proceeded, similar dominant species in the control and broth-feeding treatments were observed. Overall, SMS fermentation broth can be used as a promising substitute to replace a costly commercial carbon source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology for Water Purification)
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11 pages, 1651 KiB  
Article
Genotoxic Effects on Daphnia magna Fed with Aquatic Green Algae Exposed to Silver Nanoclusters
by Li Zhang and Haoqiang Tan
Water 2023, 15(18), 3172; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15183172 - 05 Sep 2023
Viewed by 911
Abstract
Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs) have gained widespread applications in recent years due to their excellent antimicrobial efficacy and distinctive molecule-like characteristics. However, concerns about their potential effects on environmental and human health have been raised. Despite the fact that abundant research has been carried [...] Read more.
Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs) have gained widespread applications in recent years due to their excellent antimicrobial efficacy and distinctive molecule-like characteristics. However, concerns about their potential effects on environmental and human health have been raised. Despite the fact that abundant research has been carried out to examine the possible ecotoxicology of AgNCs in a variety of living organisms, these studies have mostly concentrated on the toxicology of individual organisms and only a few have attempted to look into the impact of AgNCs across the aquatic food chain. This work evaluated the transcriptome level genotoxicity of AgNCs and their degraded Ag ions in two model species food chains: the aquatic green algae Scenedesmus obliquus and the invertebrate Daphnia magna. Daphnia magna’s digestive system and glycerophospholipid metabolism were hindered after feeding on Ag-containing algae as a result of down-regulation of the crucial gene PLA2G(SPLA2) that codes for secretory phospholipase A2. Our research also showed that the genotoxicity of AgNCs to Daphnia magna was mediated by a synergic interaction between the particulate form of AgNCs and their degraded Ag ions. The current work offers a fresh viewpoint on the mechanisms underlying AgNCs’ harmful effects and the possible ecological concern that metal-based nanoparticles provide to aquatic life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology for Water Purification)
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Review

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13 pages, 3007 KiB  
Review
Coupling between Increased Amounts of Microplastics and Dissolved Organic Compounds in Water
by Wengang Yan, Qianjin Wang, Ya Gao, Mengchen Xu, Huiying Li, Yuping Zhou, Changqing Liu and Yihua Xiao
Water 2023, 15(23), 4126; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15234126 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1076
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a rapidly spreading global problem, threatening the use and sustainability of freshwater resources. MPs in water can act as both a source and sink of dissolved organic compounds. This review summarizes the current knowledge of interactions between MPs and [...] Read more.
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a rapidly spreading global problem, threatening the use and sustainability of freshwater resources. MPs in water can act as both a source and sink of dissolved organic compounds. This review summarizes the current knowledge of interactions between MPs and dissolved organic compounds, including the adsorption and release of dissolved organic compounds by MPs and the impacts of MPs on the source and sink of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems. The key mechanisms for the adsorption of dissolved organic compounds on MPs are hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and π–π interactions. Particle size, morphological characteristics, density, and environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, and UV radiation) have a great influence on the adsorption of dissolved organic compounds on MPs. Although research on the interactions between dissolved organic compounds and MPs has progressed rapidly, to date, research on the impacts of increasing amounts of MPs on natural DOM cycles (production, transformation, and fate) in aquatic ecosystems has been very limited. Knowledge gaps and future research directions are outlined at the end of this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Technology for Water Purification)
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