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Water
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Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment
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Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 8151

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Interests: smart water and wastewater treatment and management; water quality monitoring sensors; renewable energy production from waste
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Meng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; bioremediation; resource recovery; environmental sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiangmeng Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; microalgae application; bioremediation; renewable energy production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the human population increases and environmental requirements become more stringent, the need for sustainable water and wastewater management systems that meet regulatory standards and reduce energy consumption has become a top priority in the water industry. In addition, recycling and recovery of nutrients and renewable energy production from wastewater are major components of future smart cities. This includes novel technologies, including advanced materials for pollution control, the use of microalgae for advanced wastewater treatment and biomass production, sustainable approaches for water and wastewater management, and renewable (bio)energy productions. There is an urgent need for a vision to synergistically explore the wide-ranging technological advances toward better serving urban residents for smart water and wastewater management. In this Special Issue entitled “Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment”, we invite papers on the recent advance in biological processes for smart water and wastewater treatment and management, such as symbiotic microalgae–bacterial processes, photo-biohydrogen production from wastewater, bioelectrochemical systems (e.g., MFC and MEC), and harmful algal bloom (HABs) control as well as sensor application to health monitoring of biological processes for wastewater treatment.

Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee
Dr. Meng Wang
Dr. Xiangmeng Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced biological processes
  • nutrient and energy recovery
  • smart water and wastewater management
  • water quality monitoring sensors
  • water reuse

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1714 KiB  
Article
Research on the Tolerance and Degradation of o-Cresol by Microalgae
by Guangshuo Han, Longtan Ma, Caisong Zhang, Baihui Wang, Xianghao Sheng, Zhongpeng Wang, Xiuju Wang and Liguo Wang
Water 2023, 15(8), 1522; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15081522 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1275
Abstract
o-Cresol shows high toxicity and stability. To explore a better degradation method of o-cresol, the degradation of o-cresol by three kinds of microalgae (Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Microcystis aeruginosa) was researched in this paper. The growth status and [...] Read more.
o-Cresol shows high toxicity and stability. To explore a better degradation method of o-cresol, the degradation of o-cresol by three kinds of microalgae (Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Microcystis aeruginosa) was researched in this paper. The growth status and degradation rate were used to reflect the tolerance and degradation effect of microalgae. The effects of the medium’s initial pH, microalgal density, and different exogenous pollutants on the degradation of o-cresol by Selenastrum capricornutum were investigated. The results showed that Selenastrum capricornutum had the best degradation effect on o-cresol. microalgal density increased after adaptation to different concentrations of o-cresol for some time. At pH 7.0 as the initial condition, the microalgal exhibited the best results of degradation. When the microalgal density OD680 was 0.20, o-cresol was the first to be completely degraded within 5 days. At higher initial concentrations of o-cresol, the microalgae preferentially degraded glucose to promote the growth of the microalgae under mixotrophic cultivation. Selenastrum capricornutum could degrade phenol and o-cresol at the same time, and the degradation was completed within 8 days when the initial concentration of o-cresol and phenol were 100 and 120 mg/L. It was proven that the degradation of o-cresol by Selenastrum capricornutum is feasible under suitable conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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10 pages, 5662 KiB  
Article
Reverse Salt Flux Effect on Dewatering Chlorella vulgaris in a Forward Osmosis System
by Faris M. Munshi, Jae-Hoon Hwang, Stephanie Stoll and Woo Hyoung Lee
Water 2023, 15(8), 1462; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15081462 - 08 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1496
Abstract
Microalgae shows a high potential to produce biofuel and forward osmosis (FO) has been proposed as a promising dewatering process for algal biomass separation from water. However, the effect of reverse salt flux (RSF) on algal biomass during the dewatering process using FO [...] Read more.
Microalgae shows a high potential to produce biofuel and forward osmosis (FO) has been proposed as a promising dewatering process for algal biomass separation from water. However, the effect of reverse salt flux (RSF) on algal biomass during the dewatering process using FO has not been completely explored. This study was to investigate the effect of different types of salt and their concentrations on algal biomass in terms of conductivity, settling velocity, and lipid contents in FS during a simulated FO-driven dewatering of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. Three draw solution (DS) salts (NaCl, KCl and NH4Cl) were evaluated in RSF-simulating batch tests. The salt diffusion from the DS to the algal feed solution (FS) caused a static growth of algal biomass while increasing lipid content up to 14.8% at 8 mM NH4Cl. With the addition of the different salts, pH was maintained to the optimal algal thriving range (7.2–10.6), but the presence of salt stressed the algal cells and inhibited photosynthesis and algal growth within the experimental conditions. The settling velocity of the algal cells improved with the increase of salt content from 8 to 80 mM of each DS. It seemed that cell division could be accelerated in the presence of NH4Cl, and microscopic images showed a change in the algal cell size distribution, which may negatively affect algal settleability. DS salt in an FO-algal harvesting system should be selected based on the final algal properties and constituents required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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15 pages, 2499 KiB  
Article
Continuous-Flow Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment of Dairy Wastewater
by João F. Silva, João R. Silva, Andreia D. Santos, Carolina Vicente, Jan Dries and Luis M. Castro
Water 2023, 15(6), 1066; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15061066 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2246
Abstract
The authors conducted a study on treating synthetic dairy wastewater using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a laboratory-scale continuous flow reactor (CFR) system. The system consisted of an anaerobic reactor, an aerobic reactor, and a settling sedimentation tank, with different hydraulic retention times [...] Read more.
The authors conducted a study on treating synthetic dairy wastewater using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a laboratory-scale continuous flow reactor (CFR) system. The system consisted of an anaerobic reactor, an aerobic reactor, and a settling sedimentation tank, with different hydraulic retention times tested over a 90-day period. The study monitored sludge characteristics and effluent treatment performance and found that the system achieved excellent removal rates for chemical oxygen demand and total carbon, exceeding 90%. As a result, the effluent met Portuguese laws for direct release into the water environment. Moreover, the study found that the AGS system improved the sludge sedimentation capacity from 272 to 80 mL/g, demonstrating its effectiveness as a viable treatment alternative for this type of effluent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1783 KiB  
Article
Removal of Nutrients and COD in Wastewater from Vietnamese Piggery Farm by the Culture of Chlorella vulgaris in a Pilot-Scaled Membrane Photobioreactor
by Minh Tuan Nguyen, Thao Phuong Nguyen, Tung Huu Pham, Thuy Thi Duong, Manh Van Do, Tuyen Van Trinh, Quynh Thi Xuan Nguyen and Viet M. Trinh
Water 2022, 14(22), 3645; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14223645 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2609
Abstract
The treatment of nutrients and organic contaminants in wastewater using microalgae has drawn significant interest thanks to its advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, CO2 emission reduction, and recycling of valuable biomass. Among other algae species, Chlorella sp. showed good vitality, simplicity [...] Read more.
The treatment of nutrients and organic contaminants in wastewater using microalgae has drawn significant interest thanks to its advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, CO2 emission reduction, and recycling of valuable biomass. Among other algae species, Chlorella sp. showed good vitality, simplicity in cultivation, and high nutrient accumulation in harsh conditions of wastewater. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was inoculated in a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) with piggery digestate to investigate the C. vulgaris growth rate and the removal efficiency of nutrients and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results indicated that the cultivation of C. vulgaris in an MPBR system exhibited continuous and simultaneous removal of NH4+, PO43−, and COD from two-fold diluted piggery wastewater. Both the algae growth rate and nutrient removal depended on the liquid hydraulic retention time in the MPBR. The highest removal efficiency of NH4+ (74.55%), PO43− (70.20%), and COD (65.85%) was obtained in the longest HRT of 5 days with the highest microalgae biomass concentration of around 1.1 g/L. The algae washout phenomenon was negligible in the continuous cultivation in the MPBR system. Compared to the cultivation in batch mode, the MPBR could achieve a similar algae growth rate and treatment efficiency with a much shorter hydraulic retention time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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