Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Monitoring of Flow and Pollution Transport

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 4880

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Gorgopotamou Str., Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: groundwater chemistry and hydrology; high frequency monitoring; data driven irrigation management
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Guest Editor
Soil and Water Resources Institute (SWRI), Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Sindos-Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: water resources management; water resources modeling in agricultural basins; simulation of hydrogeological processes; climate change impact assessment in water resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are happy to introduce this Special Issue which focuses on groundwater quality assessment and flow and pollution transport monitoring. New methodologies and novel approaches are welcomed to propose, along with real-world case studies to demonstrate advanced and efficient viewpoints in assessing groundwater quality, more so relate it to its origin. As groundwater quality is directly related to the hydrodynamic evolution of aquifer systems, flow and pollution transport monitoring techniques are of particular interest to the Special Issue, demonstrating, substantiating and assessing quality characteristics of groundwater and their evolution. Thematic fields may include but are not limited to: AI, geostatistics, protocols development, assessment methodologies, decision support systems, indicators, policy augmenting tools, thresholds’ definition, alert setting, priority substances, emerging pollutants, salinization. The Guest Editors will consider papers on conjunctive use of methodological tools, that ideally demonstrate new insights and breakthrough approaches in monitoring for quality assessment. Theoretical and laboratory work are equally accepted, along with successful field applications and showcased support to policy making and application, towards shaping reliable groundwater quality status assessments upon which safe and sound management plans are compiled. Successful papers should be novel, appealing and scientifically sound, aiming to inspire the global scientific society which would ideally adopt proposed methods and tools.

Dr. Andreas Panagopoulos
Dr. Vassilios Pisinaras
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • monitoring
  • groundwater quality
  • flow
  • pollution
  • salinization
  • priority substances
  • emerging pollutants
  • telemetry
  • big data

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 3630 KiB  
Article
Index-Based Groundwater Quality Assessment of Nestos River Deltaic Aquifer System, Northeastern Greece
by George Kampas, Andreas Panagopoulos, Ioannis Gkiougkis, Christos Pouliaris, Fotios-Konstantinos Pliakas, Vasiliki Kinigopoulou and Ioannis Diamantis
Water 2024, 16(2), 352; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16020352 - 21 Jan 2024
Viewed by 825
Abstract
The Nestos River delta is one of the most important and sensitive basins in Greece and Europe due to its ecosystem functions, combining intensive agricultural production with low-enthalpy geothermal energy and important ecotopes. High water quality is of paramount importance to the sustainability [...] Read more.
The Nestos River delta is one of the most important and sensitive basins in Greece and Europe due to its ecosystem functions, combining intensive agricultural production with low-enthalpy geothermal energy and important ecotopes. High water quality is of paramount importance to the sustainability of the system. Systematic and continuous assessment of water quality needs to be carried out in a way that is easy and quick for decision makers and non-expert societal partners to comprehend. In this way, decisions may be made more rapidly, and involved water users may be sensitized to rational water use. To this end, this paper presents the assessment of groundwater quality in the Nestos River’s western delta with the use of Poseidon (PoS), a versatile, index-based method. Groundwater samples collected from 24 and 22 wells tapping the unconfined and the confined aquifers, respectively, in four time periods (May and October 2019 and 2020) were analyzed. Using the PoS index, groundwater samples were classified according to their quality status, highlighting the parameters driving quality degradation issues, thus assisting water managers in obtaining an overview of quality status and evolution through datasets that were often large. PoS index is applied in the study area for the first time and provides a groundwater quality assessment through a unique score representative of the overall water quality status regardless of processes (anthropogenic or natural) or any kind of pressures. Full article
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23 pages, 4472 KiB  
Article
Multi-Tier Validation of a Macroscale Nitrogen Model for Groundwater Management in Watersheds Using Data from Different Monitoring Networks
by Tim Wolters, Georg Berthold, Ralf Kunkel, Björn Tetzlaff, Axel Thomas, Michael Zacharias and Frank Wendland
Water 2023, 15(12), 2277; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15122277 - 17 Jun 2023
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Abstract
For the Hessian river basins, an area-differentiated modeling of the nitrogen input to the groundwater and surface waters was carried out for six diffuse input pathways and six point source input pathways on the basis of the geodata available at the state level. [...] Read more.
For the Hessian river basins, an area-differentiated modeling of the nitrogen input to the groundwater and surface waters was carried out for six diffuse input pathways and six point source input pathways on the basis of the geodata available at the state level. In this context, extensive plausibility checks of the model results were carried out using the data from several official monitoring networks at the state level. These include the comparison of modeled runoff components and input pathways for nitrogen using the data from the network of discharge monitoring stations. For the validation of the modeled nitrate concentrations in the leachate, the data from groundwater monitoring wells for controlling the chemical status of groundwater were used. The validation of the modeled nitrate inputs to the groundwater and denitrification in the groundwater was carried out using the data from a special monitoring network of groundwater monitoring wells that include N2/Ar measurements. The data from the Surface Water Quality Monitoring Network were used to verify the plausibility of the modeled total N inputs to the surface waters from diffuse sources and from point sources. All of the model results evaluated by the plausibility checks prove that the nitrate pollution situation in Hesse is adequately represented by the model. This is a prerequisite for accepting the model results at the state level as a basis for developing and implementing regionally appropriate mitigation measures. The Hessian State Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology uses the model results in the broader context of the work on implementing the EU Water Framework Directive and the EU Nitrate Directive. Full article
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29 pages, 6067 KiB  
Article
Phosphorus Transport in the Mississippi Delta: Associations to Surface and Groundwater Interactions
by Billy Justus
Water 2022, 14(18), 2925; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14182925 - 18 Sep 2022
Viewed by 2141
Abstract
Groundwater (GW) in the Mississippi Delta has some of the highest phosphorus (P) concentrations measured in the U.S. Chemical data collected from GW and surface water (SW) sites were compared to understand factors affecting P concentrations. Spatial instability in Delta GWs indicates that [...] Read more.
Groundwater (GW) in the Mississippi Delta has some of the highest phosphorus (P) concentrations measured in the U.S. Chemical data collected from GW and surface water (SW) sites were compared to understand factors affecting P concentrations. Spatial instability in Delta GWs indicates that P sources vary. High P measurements in shallow wells near rivers, in shallow nested wells compared to deeper nested wells, and P fluctuations in wells over time suggest that the land surface may be a greater source of P in shallow groundwater than natural geological deposits. Widespread reducing conditions in shallow GW, long-term P applications to the land surface, and shallow wells being proximal to streams are possible covarying explanatory variables. Potential SW to GW pathways of P include leaching and preferential flow paths; however, GW interactions with SW via irrigation, although unnatural, can result in P deposition on soils and later transport to SW or GW. GW tracer data indicate that irrigation return flows can exceed natural baseflow discharge to some streams in late summer. Studies are needed to confirm the degree that P is mobilized from soils and bed sediment to shallow GW and to determine how declines in GW levels resulting from irrigation affect ecological services in SW. Full article
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