Textiles

66 pages, 16157 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Review of the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polyethylene Fibers

by Coline Roiron, Eric Lainé, Jean-Claude Grandidier, Nicolas Garois and Cathie Vix-Guterl

Textiles 2021, 1(1), 86-151; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles1010006 - 04 Jun 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5368

Since the 1970s and 1980s, a major effort has been made to study UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene) fibers with remarkable mechanical properties, based on a basic polymer such as PE (PolyEthylene). These performances are above all associated with a very strong alignment [...] Read more.

Since the 1970s and 1980s, a major effort has been made to study UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene) fibers with remarkable mechanical properties, based on a basic polymer such as PE (PolyEthylene). These performances are above all associated with a very strong alignment of the molecules and the microfibrillar structures formed using various processes. However, they vary greatly depending on many parameters, and particularly on the draw ratio. Thus, these characteristics have been extensively analyzed by dynamic, static tensile, and creep tests, and are predominantly viscoelastic. The behavior appears to be associated with physical considerations and with the characteristic orthorhombic-hexagonal solid phase transition. The presence of a hexagonal phase is detrimental to the behavior because the chains slide easily relative to each other. Shifting this transition to higher temperatures is a challenge and many factors influence it and the temperature at which it takes place, such as the application of stress or annealing. The objective here is to give an overview of what has been done so far to understand the behavior of UHMWPE yarns. This is important given future numerical modeling work on the dimensioning of structural parts in which these UHMWPE yarns will be reinforcements within composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Materials (Textiles) for Functional Applications)

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31 pages, 11656 KiB

Open AccessReview

Factors Affecting Acoustic Properties of Natural-Fiber-Based Materials and Composites: A Review

by Tufail Hassan, Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra, Muhammad Qamar Khan, Michal Petru, Martin Tichy and Miroslav Muller

Textiles 2021, 1(1), 55-85; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles1010005 - 31 May 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5696

Abstract

Recently, very rapid growth has been observed in the innovations and use of natural-fiber-based materials and composites for acoustic applications due to their environmentally friendly nature, low cost, and good acoustic absorption capability. However, there are still challenges for researchers to improve the [...] Read more.

Recently, very rapid growth has been observed in the innovations and use of natural-fiber-based materials and composites for acoustic applications due to their environmentally friendly nature, low cost, and good acoustic absorption capability. However, there are still challenges for researchers to improve the mechanical and acoustic properties of natural fiber composites. In contrast, synthetic fiber-based composites have good mechanical properties and can be used in a wide range of structural and automotive applications. This review aims to provide a short overview of the different factors that affect the acoustic properties of natural-fiber-based materials and composites. The various factors that influence acoustic performance are fiber type, fineness, length, orientation, density, volume fraction in the composite, thickness, level of compression, and design. The details of various factors affecting the acoustic behavior of the fiber-based composites are described. Natural-fiber-based composites exhibit relatively good sound absorption capability due to their porous structure. Surface modification by alkali treatment can enhance the sound absorption performance. These materials can be used in buildings and interiors for efficient sound insulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Materials (Textiles) for Functional Applications)

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18 pages, 28343 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Washability of E-Textiles: Failure Modes and Influences on Washing Reliability

by Sigrid Rotzler and Martin Schneider-Ramelow

Textiles 2021, 1(1), 37-54; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles1010004 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4452

Abstract

E-textiles, hybrid products that incorporate electronic functionality into textiles, often need to withstand washing procedures to ensure textile typical usability. Yet, the washability—which is essential for many e-textile applications like medical or sports due to hygiene requirements—is often still insufficient. The influence factors [...] Read more.

E-textiles, hybrid products that incorporate electronic functionality into textiles, often need to withstand washing procedures to ensure textile typical usability. Yet, the washability—which is essential for many e-textile applications like medical or sports due to hygiene requirements—is often still insufficient. The influence factors for washing damage in textile integrated electronics as well as common weak points are not extensively researched, which makes a targeted approach to improve washability in e-textiles difficult. As a step towards reliably washable e-textiles, this review bundles existing information and findings on the topic: a summary of common failure modes in e-textiles brought about by washing as well as influencing parameters that affect the washability of e-textiles. The findings of this paper can be utilized in the development of e-textile systems with an improved washability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Materials (Textiles) for Functional Applications)

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16 pages, 2513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extraction and Application of Pigment from Serratia marcescens SB08, an Insect Enteric Gut Bacterium, for Textile Dyeing

by Chidambaram Kulandaisamy Venil, Laurent Dufossé, Palanivel Velmurugan, Mahalingam Malathi and Perumalsamy Lakshmanaperumalsamy

Textiles 2021, 1(1), 21-36; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles1010003 - 05 May 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6861

Abstract

As an investigative study, the potent bacterium Serratia marcescens SB08 was screened from the enteric gut of sulfur butterfly (Kricogonia lyside). Its pigment potential was tested, and the pigment was identified as prodigiosin by structural studies using High Performance Liquid Chromatography [...] Read more.

As an investigative study, the potent bacterium Serratia marcescens SB08 was screened from the enteric gut of sulfur butterfly (Kricogonia lyside). Its pigment potential was tested, and the pigment was identified as prodigiosin by structural studies using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Various conditions, including pH, reaction time, temperature, color intensity, and fastness properties, were studied for pure silk, China silk, and cotton yarns, and the conditions for effective dyeing were optimized. Further, the pigment’s antimicrobial pursuit was tested to counter the common pathogens Bacillus subtilis MTCC2388, Escherichia coli MTCC443, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC109, Proteus vulgaris MTCC1771, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC1688. The pigment was largely effectual and exhibited utmost zones of inhibition, thus demonstrating the finest antimicrobial effect against the microbes tested. The textile yarn materials soaked with this intrinsic dye pigment also exhibited antimicrobial action. Full article

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17 pages, 7458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modelling the Woven Structures with Inserted Conductive Yarns Coated with Magnetron Plasma and Testing Their Shielding Effectiveness

by Ion Razvan Radulescu, Lilioara Surdu, Razvan Scarlat, Catalin Constantin, Bogdana Mitu, Cristian Morari and Marian Costea

Textiles 2021, 1(1), 4-20; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles1010002 - 24 Mar 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2448

Abstract

The paper proposes the analytic modelling of flexible textile shields made of fabrics with inserted conductive yarns and metallic plasma coating in order to calculate their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). This manufacturing process is highly innovative, since copper plasma coating improves EMSE on [...] Read more.

The paper proposes the analytic modelling of flexible textile shields made of fabrics with inserted conductive yarns and metallic plasma coating in order to calculate their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). This manufacturing process is highly innovative, since copper plasma coating improves EMSE on the fabrics with inserted conductive yarns of stainless steel and silver with 10–15 dB in the frequency range of 0.1–1000 MHz, as shown by the measured EMSE values determined according to the standard ASTM ES-07 via the Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell. On the other hand, modelling of EMSE for such conductive flexible shields gives an insight on estimating EMSE in the design phase of manufacturing the shield, based on its geometric and electrical parameters. An analytic model was proposed based on the sum of EMSE of the fabric with inserted conductive yarns and EMSE of the copper coating. The measurement results show close values to the proposed analytic model, especially in case of fabric with conductive yarns having stainless steel content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Materials (Textiles) for Functional Applications)

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