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Agronomy
Special Issues
Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem
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Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Weed Science and Weed Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 4631

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bhagirath S. Chauhan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
Interests: weed biology; seed biology; IWM; non-chemical approaches; crop competition; cultural approaches
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Parvender Sheoran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
Interests: weed problems and management challenges; crop-weed interactions; IWM

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Weeds are an important biological constraint to crop production in different agroecosystems. Herbicides are commonly used to manage weeds; however, there are concerns over the use of herbicides alone. There are risks of evolving resistance in weeds with repetitive herbicide use without following proper herbicide rotations and faulty management practices. More importantly, there are limited herbicide options with new modes of action. In addition, there are concerns regarding environmental pollution. To extend herbicide life and to increase herbicide efficacy, there is a need to integrate herbicide use with non-chemical options, including cultural, physical, and biological control methods.

This Special Issue will focus on “Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem”. We welcome novel research, reviews, short communications, and opinions covering integrated weed management options. Manuscripts must include more than one control measure (e.g., herbicide and mowing, herbicide and crop competition, weed-competitive cultivar and row spacing). We also invite manuscripts focusing on weed ecology and biology studies that contribute to the enhancement of integrated weed management programs.

Prof. Dr. Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Guest Editor

Dr. Parvender Sheoran
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • IWM
  • crop competition
  • cover crops
  • planting density
  • mechanical weeding
  • mowing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1241 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Yield and Quality: Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical and Mechanical Weed Control Strategies
by Lamy M. M. Hamed, Ragab Absy, Wael Elmenofy and Eman I. R. Emara
Agronomy 2023, 13(12), 2951; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy13122951 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 912
Abstract
Weeds exert a pronounced influence on the sugar beet yield, leading to the potential for substantial reductions in agricultural productivity. In pursuit of addressing this issue, two experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture in Giza, Egypt, during the winter seasons of [...] Read more.
Weeds exert a pronounced influence on the sugar beet yield, leading to the potential for substantial reductions in agricultural productivity. In pursuit of addressing this issue, two experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture in Giza, Egypt, during the winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to investigate the efficacy of various pre- and post-herbicides applied differently in active ingredient percentages, forms, and on weed target types, and mechanical weed treatments on weed traits and sugar beet crop performance. (1) In this context, five herbicidal treatments, including pre-emergence (S-Metoachlor) and post-emergence applications of Betanal Max Pro (Desmedipham 4.7% + Ethofumesate 7.5% + Lenacil 2.7% + Phenmedipham 6%), Tegrospecial (Desmedipham 20% + Phenmedipham 20%) for total annual weeds, C Factor (Haloxyfop-R-Methyl 7.5% + Fluazifop-p-putyl 15%), and Clictar (Clethodium 24%) for grassy weeds, were assessed alongside mechanical weeding and a weedy check (control). (2) The evaluations encompassed growth parameters, juice quality, and beet yields to comprehensively assess the treatment effects. (3) Notably, weed control measures, especially regarding three total annual weeds herbicides and the cultivation when using both grassy weed herbicides, consistently produced the highest improvements in sugar beet root’s fresh and dry weights, root dimensions, sucrose content, purity, sugar recovery, as well as the root and recoverable sugar yields, across both seasons. (4) However, it is important to note that the application of Clethodium 24% and Haloxyfop-R-Methyl 7.5% + Fluazifop-p-putyl 15% resulted in elevated levels of sodium, potassium, amino nitrogen, impurities, and sucrose loss to molasses. These findings underscore the substantial influence of herbicide use and mechanical weeding on sugar beet’s growth, juice quality, and yield, with S-Metoachlor, Desmedipham 20% + Phenmedipham 20% and Desmedipham 4.7% + Ethofumesate 7.5% + Lenacil 2.7% + Phenmedipham 6%—showing promise as effective weed control options, albeit with certain associated drawbacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem)
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16 pages, 1278 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different Parameters (Treatment Administration Mode, Concentration and Phenological Weed Stage) on Thymbra capitata L. Essential Oil Herbicidal Activity
by Natalia Torres-Pagán, Amira Jouini, Nieves Melero-Carnero, Rosa Peiró, Adela Sánchez-Moreiras, Alessandra Carrubba and Mercedes Verdeguer
Agronomy 2023, 13(12), 2938; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy13122938 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 689
Abstract
The essential oil (EO) of Thymbra capitata has been demonstrated to possess herbicidal activity and could be used as an alternative to synthetic herbicides with reduced persistence in soil and new mode of action. Nevertheless, it is necessary to determine the adequate doses [...] Read more.
The essential oil (EO) of Thymbra capitata has been demonstrated to possess herbicidal activity and could be used as an alternative to synthetic herbicides with reduced persistence in soil and new mode of action. Nevertheless, it is necessary to determine the adequate doses for its use, the proper way for its application and the best phenological stage of weeds and crops in which the EO should be applied to obtain maximum efficacy against weeds without compromising crop production. In this work, T. capitata EO was tested at three different concentrations against weeds grown from a citrus orchard soil seedbank untreated with herbicides and against three important weed species grown in substrate to determine the efficacy of the concentrations on different weed species. All experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. To find out the best way for applying the EO, it was applied by irrigation and by spraying on the targeted weeds, and to verify the influence of timing, it was tested on Lolium rigidum at two different phenological stages and on wheat at a later phenological stage than weeds. The highest concentration tested (12 µL·mL−1) showed the best performance to control weeds. The more effective mode of application was by spraying on dicotyledons and by irrigation on monocotyledons at the earliest phenological stage. T. capitata EO was phytotoxic for wheat. More trials in different crops are needed to determine the best conditions for its use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem)
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10 pages, 468 KiB  
Article
Germination Pattern and Seed Longevity of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link in Eastern Australia
by Gulshan Mahajan and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Agronomy 2023, 13(8), 2044; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy13082044 - 01 Aug 2023
Viewed by 922
Abstract
Knowledge of the germination pattern and seed longevity of Echinochloa colona under field conditions could play a crucial role in effective weed management. Germination patterns of four populations (B17/12, B17/13, B17/7, and B17/25) of E. colona collected from eastern Australia were studied under [...] Read more.
Knowledge of the germination pattern and seed longevity of Echinochloa colona under field conditions could play a crucial role in effective weed management. Germination patterns of four populations (B17/12, B17/13, B17/7, and B17/25) of E. colona collected from eastern Australia were studied under field conditions for two years. Each population had multiple cohorts, and peak germination occurred in December 2018. Population B17/12 had a lower dormancy level compared with other populations, as 87% of the seeds germinated in the first cohort. Regression analysis revealed that populations B17/12, B17/13, B17/7, and B17/25 required 2130, 3110, 4320, and 6040 cumulative growing degree days (GDD), respectively, for 80% germination. The last cohorts of each population (100% germination) were observed in February 2020. This suggests that the populations of E. colona had innate dormancy, and a proportion of seeds can germinate in the next season. For the seed persistence study, seed bags of three populations (B17/4, B17/26, and B17/35) were exhumed at different intervals at two locations (Gatton and St George) over 30 months to evaluate decay components. Averaged over locations, burial duration, and burial depth, populations behaved similarly for the seed decay component. After 30 months of seed placement at Gatton, viable seeds at 1, 5, and 15 cm burial depths were 8, 26, and 15%, respectively. However, during the same time period at St George, viable seeds at 1, 5, and 15 cm burial depths were 0, 4, and 3%, respectively. These results implied that E. colona seeds persisted for a longer period (>2 years) in the light-textured soil (Gatton), particularly at the 5 cm burial depth. After 30 months of seed placement at Gatton, seeds decayed faster at 1 cm compared with the 5 cm burial depth. The studies demonstrated that seed persistence and germination patterns of E. colona may vary with different soil and agro-climatic conditions. The results suggest that management strategies should be followed to enable early control of E. colona over a three year period and that restricting reinfestation of weed seeds through seed rains could lead to almost complete control of E. colona in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem)
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17 pages, 634 KiB  
Article
Knowledge of Cover Crop Seed Traits and Treatments to Enhance Weed Suppression: A Narrative Review
by Iraj Nosratti, Nicholas E. Korres and Stéphane Cordeau
Agronomy 2023, 13(7), 1683; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy13071683 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
Cover crops, as either a living plant or mulch, can suppress weeds by reducing weed germination, emergence and growth, either through direct competition for resources, allelopathy, or by providing a physical barrier to emergence. Farmers implementing conservation agriculture, organic farming, or agroecological principles [...] Read more.
Cover crops, as either a living plant or mulch, can suppress weeds by reducing weed germination, emergence and growth, either through direct competition for resources, allelopathy, or by providing a physical barrier to emergence. Farmers implementing conservation agriculture, organic farming, or agroecological principles are increasingly adopting cover crops as part of their farming strategy. However, cover crop adoption remains limited by poor and/or unstable establishment in dry conditions, the weediness of cover crop volunteers as subsequent cash crops, and seed costs. This study is the first to review the scientific literature on seed traits of cover crops to identify the key biotic and abiotic factors influencing germination and early establishment (density, biomass, cover). Knowledge about seed traits would be helpful in choosing suitable cover crop species and/or mixtures adapted to specific environments. Such information is crucial to improve cover crops’ establishment and growth and the provision of ecosystem services, while allowing farmers to save seeds and therefore money. We discuss how to improve cover crop establishment by seed priming and coating, and appropriate seed sowing patterns and depth. Here, three cover crop families, namely, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, and Fabaceae, were examined in terms of seed traits and response to environmental conditions. The review showed that seed traits related to germination are crucial as they affect the germination timing and establishment of the cover crop, and consequently soil coverage uniformity, factors that directly relate to their suppressive effect on weeds. Poaceae and Brassicaceae exhibit a higher germination percentage than Fabaceae under water deficit conditions. The seed dormancy of some Fabaceae species/cultivars limits their agricultural use as cover crops because the domestication of some wild ecotypes is not complete. Understanding the genetic and environmental regulation of seed dormancy is necessary. The appropriate selection of cover crop cultivars is crucial to improve cover crop establishment and provide multiple ecosystem services, including weed suppression, particularly in a climate change context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Weed Management in the Agroecosystem)
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