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Applied Sciences
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Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects
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Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 7453

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyunook Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; analysis of microplastics in the environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chang Gyun Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
Interests: biological nutrients removal process; anaerobic process; soil remediation
Dr. Kinjal J. Shah

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Guest Editor
College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: green chemistry; environmental sustainability; water treatment; microplastic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Okkyung Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: biological process; anaerobic process; microbial community analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to the Special Issue on “Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects.”

Since activated sludge (AS) was first discovered in 1913, a variety of biological processes based on AS have emerged. In the beginning, only biodegradable organics in wastewater were the target of conventional AS-based biological processes. Now, AS processes are required to treat nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and recalcitrant residual pollutants. Moreover, they are asked to consume less energy or even to produce it. Nowadays, the performance of an AS system is evaluated not only by its compliance with permit requirements but by its energy efficiency.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring cutting-edge research and recent advances in the fields of biological wastewater treatment technologies. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcome, as well as comprehensive review and survey papers.

Prof. Dr. Hyunook Kim
Prof. Dr. Chang Gyun Kim
Prof. Dr. Kinjal J. Shah
Dr. Okkyung Choi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biological wastewater treatment
  • energy efficiency
  • nutrient removal
  • recalcitrant pollutants
  • optimization and process control

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5379 KiB  
Article
An Innovative Look into Ammonium Nitrogen Removal Using Algae and Zeolites as an Element of a Circular Bioeconomy
by Magdalena Zabochnicka
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app131810220 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 945
Abstract
This work focused on the potential of simultaneously removing ammonium nitrogen from industrial wastewater using immobilized microalgae and powdered zeolite. Experiments were performed with different species and doses of microalgae embedded in spherical hydrogels in semicontinuous conditions. Ammonium nitrogen uptake by microalgae promoted [...] Read more.
This work focused on the potential of simultaneously removing ammonium nitrogen from industrial wastewater using immobilized microalgae and powdered zeolite. Experiments were performed with different species and doses of microalgae embedded in spherical hydrogels in semicontinuous conditions. Ammonium nitrogen uptake by microalgae promoted the slow release of previously adsorbed ammonium nitrogen from zeolite that was then also absorbed by microalgae. Results showed that immobilized microalgae can reach a removal efficiency of up to 60% (C. vulgaris) and 42% (S. armatus). A higher removal efficiency was obtained for zeolites and immobilized C. vulgaris or S. armatus up to 86% and 79%, respectively. Moreover, a higher maximum sorption capacity for C. vulgaris (13.8 mg/g) was achieved than for S. armatus (5.5 mg/g). The recycling of spent hydrogel, zeolite, and wastewater is possible. Such an approach represents a circular bioeconomy loop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects)
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14 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Industrial Wastewater as a Growth Medium for Microalgal Biomass for a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy
by Magdalena Zabochnicka
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10299; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122010299 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1389
Abstract
Since sources of clean water are limited, industrial wastewaters are available and utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source is increasing; therefore, wastewater could be used as a growth medium for the production of biomass. Such an approach is directly connected to [...] Read more.
Since sources of clean water are limited, industrial wastewaters are available and utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source is increasing; therefore, wastewater could be used as a growth medium for the production of biomass. Such an approach is directly connected to the sustainable circular bioeconomy. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential application of industrial wastewater for cultivation of C. vulgaris and S. armatus. This study was carried out in order to: (i) assess the influence of wastewater on the activity of microalgae; (ii) assess batch and repeated fed-batch culture cultivation techniques; and (iii) assess cultivation of microalgae in suspension and immobilized on alginate beads. It was demonstrated that microalgae can be cultivated in wastewater contaminated with inorganic and organic chemical compounds in autotrophic conditions, batch culture or repeated fed-batch culture, and also in the form of suspension as well as being immobilized on alginate beads. The growth rate of microalgae in samples with initial algal culture concentrations of 100 g/L was as follow: 2.3 ± 0.01 d−1–3.8 ± 0.03 d−1 for C. vulgaris and 2.2 ± 0.02 d−1–4.0 ± 0.06 d−1 for S. armatus. In samples with initial algal culture concentrations of 50 g/L the growth rate of microalgae (μ) was as follow: 1.2 ± 0.01 d−1–2.2 ± 0.02 d−1 for C. vulgaris and 1.3 ± 0.02 d−1–2.4 ± 0.05 d−1 for S. armatus. Cultivation of microalgae in industrial wastewater has more advantages than cultivation carried out in clean water due to lower costs and protection of natural resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects)
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13 pages, 2993 KiB  
Article
Application of Reeds as Carbon Source for Enhancing Denitrification of Low C/N Micro-Polluted Water in Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland
by Jiaqing Tao, Ying Zhang, Ting Zhang, Zhaoyang You, Kinjal J. Shah and Hyunook Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6756; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12136756 - 04 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have been applied to micro-polluted rivers and lakes. However, they often show poor nitrogen removal efficiency due to insufficient carbon sources for complete denitrification in the waters. In this study, a vertical-flow wetland system was built, in which reeds as a [...] Read more.
Constructed wetlands have been applied to micro-polluted rivers and lakes. However, they often show poor nitrogen removal efficiency due to insufficient carbon sources for complete denitrification in the waters. In this study, a vertical-flow wetland system was built, in which reeds as a carbon source were added in the middle layer of the substrate. Thereby, the effect of the reed carbon source on denitrification of micro-polluted rivers and lakes with a low C/N ratio in the wetland and the denitrification mechanism were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3−-N and NO2−-N in the effluent of the constructed wetland were reduced to 0.17–0.35, 0.20–0.49 and 0.01–0.02 mg/L after adding the reed carbon source, and the removal efficiencies of the system for NH4+-N and NO3−-N reached 93.84% and 84.69%, respectively. The abundances of nirK, nirS, hzo and nrfA genes in the wetland substrate increased by 95.51%, 54.96%, 52.89% and 731.95%, respectively, which was considered to be related to the enhanced denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium of the wetland system. Reed planting promoted the increased abundances of amoA and nxrB genes, which might play a positive role in enhancing nitrification in wetland systems. The result of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of low C/N micro-polluted water bodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects)
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14 pages, 5275 KiB  
Article
Acidic Neutralization by Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from Abandoned Mine Areas
by Min-Jung Cho, Seon-Yeong Park and Chang-Gyun Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3324; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12073324 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2628
Abstract
Soil acidification has been a serious problem in abandoned mine areas, and could be exacerbated by acid deposition with the release of mine wastes. In this study, three different indigenous bacterial consortia were isolated from abandoned mines in South Korea, from which the [...] Read more.
Soil acidification has been a serious problem in abandoned mine areas, and could be exacerbated by acid deposition with the release of mine wastes. In this study, three different indigenous bacterial consortia were isolated from abandoned mines in South Korea, from which the potential for acid neutralization of microorganisms was evaluated. They were all able to neutralize acidity within 24 h in the liquid nutrient medium. Moreover, a strong positive correlation (R = +0.922, p < 0.05) was established between the ammonium ion (NH4+) production yield and the resulting pH, indicating that NH4+ served as an important metabolite for biological neutralization. Serratialiquefaciens, Citrobacter youngae, Pseudescherichia vulneris, and Serratia grimesii had higher acid neutralization ability to generate NH4+ by the metabolism of nitrogen compounds such as carboxylation and urea hydrolysis. Therefore, acidic soils can be expected to be ameliorated by indigenous microorganisms through in situ biostimulation with the adequate introduction of nitrogenous substances into the soil environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments and Future Prospects)
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