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Applied Sciences
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Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds
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Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 14143

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Piedad N. De Aza

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain
Interests: designing and developing new polycrystalline biomaterials (dense and porous) with controlled microstructures; making use of appropriated phase equilibrium diagrams and to study, not only their physical properties, but also their behavior in vitro (stem cells) and in vivo (bioactivity in rats and rabbits); the tissue engineering field study of the tissue–ceramic implant interfaces is of particular interest
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Patricia Mazón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Materiales, Ópticay Tecnologia Electrónica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
Interests: biochemistry; genetics and molecular biology; biomechanical and histological analyses; biomaterials design and characterization; in vitro and in vivo studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, bone tissue has become the focus of intense research, due to increased life expectancy, causing age-related diseases such as osteoporosis, and also to find the best treatment for injuries and traumas. Although the best bone substitute is bone itself, either by using autografts or allografts, these options have their drawbacks, such as poor availability and health risks that can be incurred. Hence, considerable interest has been expressed in synthetic bone replacement materials which, in certain cases, have proven to be superior to autografts.
The properties of biomaterials and scaffolds, such as pore structures, mechanical properties and degradation, play an essential role in their successful implementation for tissue repair or regeneration. The surface characteristics of biomaterials, e.g., their topography, chemistry or surface energy, also play an essential part in cell–material interaction and implant integration.
It is, therefore, my immense pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for the Special Issue, “Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds” covering any aspect of the design, processing, or characterization of scaffolds, including in vitro and in vivo studies.

Prof. Dr. Piedad N. De Aza
Dr. Patricia Mazón
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Design
  • Processing
  • Characterization
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Drug delivery
  • Bioactivity
  • Scaffolds
  • Ion release
  • Bioactive bone graft materials
  • Cell–material interactions
  • Bone tissue–material interaction

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3484 KiB  
Article
Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Subchondral Bone Regeneration Using Osteochondral Scaffolds in an Ovine Condyle Model
by Taylor Flaherty, Maryam Tamaddon and Chaozong Liu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 891; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11030891 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2100
Abstract
Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and [...] Read more.
Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and without BMC. Ovine stifle condyle models were used for the in vivo study. Two scaffold systems (8 mm diameter and 10 mm thick) with and without BMC were implanted into the femoral condyle, and the tissues were retrieved after six months. The retrieved femoral condyles (with scaffold in) were examined using micro-computed tomography scans (micro-CT), and the micro-CT data were further analysed by ImageJ with respect to trabecular thickness, bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) ratio, and degree of anisotropy of bone. Statistical analysis compared bone regeneration between scaffold groups and sub-set regions. These results were mostly insignificant (p < 0.05), with the exception of bone volume to total volume ratio when comparing scaffold composition and sub-set region. Additional trends in the data were observed. These results suggest that the scaffold composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, this research provides data which may guide the development of future treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds)
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15 pages, 9156 KiB  
Article
Generation of a Porous Scaffold with a Starting Composition in the CaO–SiO2–MgO–P2O5 System in a Simulated Physiological Environment
by Lorena Grima, María Díaz-Pérez, Javier Gil, Daniel Sola and José Ignacio Peña
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 312; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10010312 - 31 Dec 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2239
Abstract
Magnesium-based ceramics are involved in orthopedic applications such as bone scaffolds or implant coatings. They provide structural support to cells for bone ingrowth, but highly porous matrices cannot resist severe mechanical stress during implantation. In this study, the laser floating zone (LFZ) technique [...] Read more.
Magnesium-based ceramics are involved in orthopedic applications such as bone scaffolds or implant coatings. They provide structural support to cells for bone ingrowth, but highly porous matrices cannot resist severe mechanical stress during implantation. In this study, the laser floating zone (LFZ) technique is used to prepare a dense crystalline material with composition in the CaO–SiO2–MgO–P2O5 system. This material, under physiological conditions, is able to generate a porous scaffold controlled by the dissolution of the MgO phase, meeting the mechanical advantages of a dense material and the biological features of a porous scaffold. FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), EDS (Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy), and ICP ((Inductively Coupled Plasma) analysis were carried out in order to characterize the samples before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds)
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9 pages, 3271 KiB  
Article
The Effect on Bone Stress in Oral Prosthetic Rehabilitation Supported by Different Number of Dental Implants: A Numerical Analysis
by María Prados-Privado, Sergio A. Gehrke, Lúcia Kurokawa Tozaki, Luiz Carlos Silveira Zanatta, Paulo Cruz, Patricia Mazon, Piedad N. De Aza and Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4920; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9224920 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1888
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical behavior of two types of prosthesis as well as the stress distribution on the prostheses’ components and the bone. Two groups were analyzed: in the first group (M1), the prothesis was composed of [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical behavior of two types of prosthesis as well as the stress distribution on the prostheses’ components and the bone. Two groups were analyzed: in the first group (M1), the prothesis was composed of two implants placed at a distance of 14 mm; in the second group (M2), the prothesis was composed of three implants installed at a distance of 9.7 mm from each other. An axial load of 100 N distributed on the cantilever throughout the region from the distal implant and a 30 N axial load on the implants in the inter-foramen region, were applied in both model 1 and model 2. In both models, the stress was concentrated in the region near the neck of the implant, resulting in a maximum value of 143 MPa in M1 and of 131MPa in M2. In M1, the stress along the bone varied from of −4.7 MPa to 13.57 MPa, whereas in M2, it varied from −10 to 12 MPa. According to the results obtained, the model corresponding to six implants presented a better distribution of bone stress around the implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds)
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12 pages, 3185 KiB  
Article
Peracetic Acid Sterilization Induces Divergent Biological Response in Polymeric Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
by Suyog Yoganarasimha, Al Best and Parthasarathy A. Madurantakam
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9183682 - 05 Sep 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2835
Abstract
Synthetic polymers offer control over composition, architecture, mechanical properties and degradation kinetics. Predictable sterilization of synthetic polymeric scaffolds made from low temperature melting polymers, remains a challenge to clinical translation. We previously demonstrated successful room temperature sterilization of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds (ePCL) using [...] Read more.
Synthetic polymers offer control over composition, architecture, mechanical properties and degradation kinetics. Predictable sterilization of synthetic polymeric scaffolds made from low temperature melting polymers, remains a challenge to clinical translation. We previously demonstrated successful room temperature sterilization of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds (ePCL) using peracetic acid (PA). The current paper investigates the effects of PA sterilization on two different scaffolds types—ePCL and commercially available porous polystyrene (Alvetex®) scaffolds using mouse calvarial osteoblasts cell line (MC3T3) and Live-Dead Assay. We report cytotoxicity in PA-treated ePCL scaffolds (PA-ePCL), while control scaffolds strongly supported cell survival. Treatment of PA-ePCL scaffolds with known methods of PA residual elimination (sodium thiosulfate, catalase, washing and aeration) had minimal effect on MC3T3 survival. However, incubation in 80% ethanol for 30 min successfully eliminated the toxic PA residuals and restored scaffold cytocompatibility. On the other hand, PA treatment of Alvetex® scaffolds induced diametrically opposite effects: cell survival and proliferation was enhanced after PA exposure and these responses were reversed following ethanol wash. These results suggest that PA treatment can induce different biological effects based on polymer chemistry and scaffold architecture and presents interesting opportunities to modulate biological properties of tissue engineering scaffolds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds)
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15 pages, 12177 KiB  
Article
New Implant Macrogeometry to Improve and Accelerate the Osseointegration: An In Vivo Experimental Study
by Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Jaime Aramburú Júnior, Leticia Pérez-Díaz, Tiago Luis Eirles Treichel, Berenice Anina Dedavid, Piedad N. De Aza and Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9153181 - 05 Aug 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4574
Abstract
A new implant design with healing chambers in the threads was analyzed and compared with a conventional implant macrogeometry, both implants models with and without surface treatment. Eighty conical implants were prepared using commercially pure titanium (grade IV) by the company Implacil De [...] Read more.
A new implant design with healing chambers in the threads was analyzed and compared with a conventional implant macrogeometry, both implants models with and without surface treatment. Eighty conical implants were prepared using commercially pure titanium (grade IV) by the company Implacil De Bortoli (São Paulo, Brazil). Four groups were performed, as described below: Group 1 (G1), traditional conical implants with surface treatment; group 2 (G2), traditional conical implants without surface treatment (machined surface); group 3 (G3), new conical implant design with surface treatment; group 4 (G4), new conical implant design without surface treatment. The implants were placed in the two tibias (n = 2 implants per tibia) of twenty New Zealand rabbits determined by randomization. The animals were euthanized after 15 days (Time 1) and 30 days (Time 2). The parameters evaluated were the implant stability quotient (ISQ), removal torque values (RTv), and histomorphometric evaluation to determine the bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO%). The results showed that the implants with the macrogeometry modified with healing chambers in the threads produced a significant enhancement in the osseointegration, accelerating this process. The statistical analyses of ISQ and RTv showed a significative statistical difference between the groups in both time periods of evaluation (p ≤ 0.0001). Moreover, an important increase in the histological parameters were found for groups G3 and G4, with significant statistical differences to the BIC% (in the Time 1 p = 0.0406 and in the Time 2 p < 0.0001) and the BAFO% ((in the Time 1 p = 0.0002 and in the Time 2 p = 0.0045). In conclusion, the result data showed that the implants with the new macrogeometry, presenting the healing chambers in the threads, produced a significant enhancement in the osseointegration, accelerating the process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Biomaterial Scaffolds)
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