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Applied Sciences
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Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications
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Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2019) | Viewed by 41476

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhongqi Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bell South Mobility/LEQSF Regents Endowed Professor in Telecommunications; Harold Callais/BORSF Endowed Professor in Electrical Engineering II, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3890, USA
Interests: optical communications and networking; digital signal processing; optical sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yang Yue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: intelligent photonics; optical communications; optical perception; optical chip
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Network traffic has been increasing exponentially over decades. This enormous growth rate will continue, in the foreseeable future, due to many newly-emerging and unanticipated digital applications and services. To fulfill the ever-growing bandwidth demand, not only spectral efficiency of optical fiber communication system needs to be improved, but also power/wavelength needs to be reduced so that higher individual data rates per wavelength of up to multi-Tb/s can be achieved with total aggregate capacities beyond Pb/s. As one of the most prominent enable technologies, digital signal processing (DSP) has played a critical role in coherent system to accommodate channel impairments mitigation, to enable advanced modulation formats for spectral efficiency transmission, and to realize flexible bandwidth.

This Special Issue aims to explore the novel advanced DSP techniques to enable multi-Tb/s/channel optical transmission for addressing the pressing bandwidth and power-efficiency demands. It will focus on the state-of-the-art advances and future perspectives of DSP. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following areas:

  • DSP for mitigation/compensation of fiber channel and optical transceiver impairments.
  • Digital fiber nonlinearity mitigation/compensation.
  • DSP for multi-dimensional modulation and constellation shaping.
  • MIMO signal processing for space-division multiplexing.
  • DSP for direct detection and short-reach fiber systems.
  • Power efficient DSP.

Prof. Zhongqi Pan
Dr. Yang Yue
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Digital signal processing
  • Fiber communications
  • Coherent optical transport
  • MIMO signal processing
  • Spatial division multiplexing
  • Chromatic dispersion
  • Polarization mode dispersion
  • Fiber nonlinearities
  • High-order modulations
  • Constellation shaping
  • Data center

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 160 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications
by Zhongqi Pan and Yang Yue
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4470; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9204470 - 22 Oct 2019
Viewed by 1808
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of the Internet has been driving communication networks closer and closer to their limits, while available bandwidth is disappearing due to ever-increasing network loads [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

13 pages, 6089 KiB  
Article
Performance Improvement for Mixed RF–FSO Communication System by Adopting Hybrid Subcarrier Intensity Modulation
by Ting Jiang, Lin Zhao, Hongzhan Liu, Dongmei Deng, Aiping Luo, Zhongchao Wei and Xiangbo Yang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3724; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9183724 - 06 Sep 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2860
Abstract
The improvement for hybrid radio frequency–free space optical (RF–FSO) communication system in wireless optical communications has acquired growing interests in recent years, but rarely improvement is based on hybrid modulation. Therefore, we conduct a research on end-to-end mixed RF–FSO system with the hybrid [...] Read more.
The improvement for hybrid radio frequency–free space optical (RF–FSO) communication system in wireless optical communications has acquired growing interests in recent years, but rarely improvement is based on hybrid modulation. Therefore, we conduct a research on end-to-end mixed RF–FSO system with the hybrid pulse position modulation–binary phase shift keying–subcarrier intensity modulation (PPM–BPSK–SIM) scheme. The RF link obeys Rayleigh distribution and the FSO link experiences Gamma–Gamma distribution. The average bit error rate (BER) for various PPM–BPSK–SIM schemes has been derived with consideration of atmospheric turbulence influence and pointing error condition. The outage probability and the average channel capacity of the system are discussed as well. Simulation results indicate that the pointing error aggravates the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the channel capacity, and the RF–FSO systematic performance is improved obviously while adopting PPM–BPSK–SIM under strong turbulence and severe pointing error conditions, especially, when the system average symbol length is greater than eight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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9 pages, 3466 KiB  
Article
Post-FEC Performance of Pilot-Aided Carrier Phase Estimation over Cycle Slip
by Yan Li, Quanyan Ning, Lei Yue, Honghang Zhou, Chao Gao, Yuyang Liu, Jifang Qiu, Wei Li, Xiaobin Hong and Jian Wu
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(13), 2749; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9132749 - 08 Jul 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3045
Abstract
The POST-forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) performance and the cycle-slip (CS) probability of the carrier phase estimation (CPE) scheme based on Viterbi–Viterbi phase estimation (VVPE) algorithm and the VV cascaded by pilot-aided-phase-unwrap (PAPU) algorithm have been experimentally investigated in a [...] Read more.
The POST-forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) performance and the cycle-slip (CS) probability of the carrier phase estimation (CPE) scheme based on Viterbi–Viterbi phase estimation (VVPE) algorithm and the VV cascaded by pilot-aided-phase-unwrap (PAPU) algorithm have been experimentally investigated in a 56 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) coherent communication system. Experimental results show that, with 0.78% pilot overhead, the VVPE + PAPU scheme greatly improves the POST-FEC performance degraded by continuous CS, maintaining a low CS probability with less influence of filter length. Comparing with the VVPE scheme, the VVPE + PAPU scheme can respectively obtain about 3.1 dB, 1.3 dB, 0.6 dB PRE-FEC optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) gains at PRE-BER of 1.8 × 10−2. Meanwhile, the VVPE + PAPU scheme respectively achieves about 3 dB, 1 dB, and 0.5 dB POST-FEC OSNR gain and improves the FEC limit from 2.5 × 10−3 to 1.4 × 10−2, from 8.9 × 10−3 to 1.8 × 10−2, and from 1.6 × 10−2 to 1.9 × 10−2 under the CPE filter length of 8, 16, and 20. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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9 pages, 1726 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of 400 Gb/s Data Center Interconnect Using Unamplified High-Baud-Rate and High-Order QAM Single-Carrier Signal
by Yang Yue, Qiang Wang and Jon Anderson
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(12), 2455; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9122455 - 15 Jun 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5486
Abstract
In this article, we review the latest progress on data center interconnect (DCI). We then discuss different perspectives on the 400G pluggable module, including form factor, architecture, digital signal processing (DSP), and module power consumption, following 400G pluggable optics in DCI applications. Next, [...] Read more.
In this article, we review the latest progress on data center interconnect (DCI). We then discuss different perspectives on the 400G pluggable module, including form factor, architecture, digital signal processing (DSP), and module power consumption, following 400G pluggable optics in DCI applications. Next, we experimentally investigate the capacity-reach matrix for high-baud-rate and high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) single-carrier signals in the unamplified single-mode optical fiber (SMF) link. We show that the 64 GBd 16-QAM, and 64-QAM signals can potentially enable 400 Gb/s and 600 Gb/s DCI application for 40 km and beyond of unamplified fiber link. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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11 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
IBP Based Caching Strategy in D2D
by Chun Shan, Xiao-ping Wu, Yan Liu, Jun Cai and Jian-zhen Luo
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(12), 2416; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9122416 - 13 Jun 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
Device to Device (D2D) communication is a key technology in 5th generation wireless systems to increase communication capacity and spectral efficiency. Applying caching into D2D communication networks, the device can retrieve content from other devices by establishing D2D communication links. In this way, [...] Read more.
Device to Device (D2D) communication is a key technology in 5th generation wireless systems to increase communication capacity and spectral efficiency. Applying caching into D2D communication networks, the device can retrieve content from other devices by establishing D2D communication links. In this way, the backhaul traffic can be significantly reduced. However, most of the existing caching schemes in D2D are proactive caching, which cannot satisfy the requirement of real-time updating. In this paper, we propose an Indian Buffet Process based D2D caching strategy (IBPSC). Firstly, we construct a geographical D2D communication network to provide high quality D2D communications according to physical closeness between devices. Then devices are divided into several social communities. Devices are ranked by their node importance to community in each community. The base station makes caching decisions for devices according to contrition degree. Experimental results show that IBPSC achieves best network performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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12 pages, 4007 KiB  
Article
Compensation of Limited Bandwidth and Nonlinearity for Coherent Transponder
by Qiang Wang, Yang Yue and Jon Anderson
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(9), 1758; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9091758 - 28 Apr 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3122
Abstract
Coherent optical transponders are widely deployed in today’s long haul and metro optical networks using dense wavelength division multiplexing. To increase the data carrying capacity, the coherent transponder utilizes the high order modulation format and operates at a high baud rate. The limited [...] Read more.
Coherent optical transponders are widely deployed in today’s long haul and metro optical networks using dense wavelength division multiplexing. To increase the data carrying capacity, the coherent transponder utilizes the high order modulation format and operates at a high baud rate. The limited bandwidth and the nonlinearity are two critical impairments for the coherent in-phase quadrature transmitter. These impairments can be mitigated by digital filters. However, to accurately determine the coefficients of these filters is difficult because the impairment from the limited bandwidth and the impairment from nonlinearity are coupled together. In this paper, we present a novel method to solve this problem. During the initial power-up, we apply a sinusoidal stimulus to the coherent IQ transmitter. We then scan the frequency and amplitude of the stimulus and monitor the output power. By curve-fitting with an accurate mathematical model, we determine the limited bandwidth, the nonlinearity, the power imbalance, and the bias point of the transponder simultaneously. Optimized coefficients of the digital filters are determined accordingly. Furthermore, we utilize a coherent IQ transponder and demonstrate that the limited bandwidth is improved by the finite impulse response filter, while nonlinearity is mitigated by the memoryless Volterra filter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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12 pages, 3153 KiB  
Article
Optical Transmitters without Driver Amplifiers—Optimal Operation Conditions
by Arne Josten, Benedikt Baeuerle, Romain Bonjour, Wolfgang Heni and Juerg Leuthold
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(9), 1652; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app8091652 - 14 Sep 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4114
Abstract
An important challenge in optical communications is the generation of highest-quality waveforms with a Mach–Zehnder modulator with a limited electrical swing (Vpp). For this, we discuss, under limited Vpp, the influence of the waveform design on the root-mean-square amplitude, [...] Read more.
An important challenge in optical communications is the generation of highest-quality waveforms with a Mach–Zehnder modulator with a limited electrical swing (Vpp). For this, we discuss, under limited Vpp, the influence of the waveform design on the root-mean-square amplitude, and thus, the optical signal quality. We discuss the influence of the pulse shape, clipping, and digital pre-distortion on the signal quality after the electrical-to-optical conversion. Our simulations and experiments, e.g., suggest that pre-distortion comes at the expense of electrical swing of the eye-opening and results in a lower optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). Conversely, digital post-distortion provides operation with larger eye-openings, and therefore, provides an SNR increase of at least 0.5 dB. Furthermore, we find that increasing the roll-off factor increases the electrical swing of the eye-opening. However, there is negligible benefit of increasing the roll-off factor of square-root-raised-cosine pulse shaped signals beyond 0.4. The findings are of interest for single-channel intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) links, as well as optical coherent communication links. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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Review

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20 pages, 7268 KiB  
Review
Advanced DSP for Coherent Optical Fiber Communication
by Jian Zhao, Yaping Liu and Tianhua Xu
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(19), 4192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9194192 - 08 Oct 2019
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7168
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress on advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for high-capacity long-haul coherent optical fiber transmission systems. Not only the linear impairments existing in optical transmission links need to be compensated, but also, the nonlinear [...] Read more.
In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress on advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for high-capacity long-haul coherent optical fiber transmission systems. Not only the linear impairments existing in optical transmission links need to be compensated, but also, the nonlinear impairments require proper algorithms for mitigation because they become major limiting factors for long-haul large-capacity optical transmission systems. Besides the time domain equalization (TDE), the frequency domain equalization (FDE) DSP also provides a similar performance, with a much-reduced computational complexity. Advanced DSP also plays an important role for the realization of space division multiplexing (SDM). SDM techniques have been developed recently to enhance the system capacity by at least one order of magnitude. Some impressive results have been reported and have outperformed the nonlinear Shannon limit of the single-mode fiber (SMF). SDM introduces the space dimension to the optical fiber communication. The few-mode fiber (FMF) and multi-core fiber (MCF) have been manufactured for novel multiplexing techniques such as mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and multi-core multiplexing (MCM). Each mode or core can be considered as an independent degree of freedom, but unfortunately, signals will suffer serious coupling during the propagation. Multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) DSP can equalize the signal coupling and makes SDM transmission feasible. The machine learning (ML) technique has attracted worldwide attention and has been explored for advanced DSP. In this paper, we firstly introduce the principle and scheme of coherent detection to explain why the DSP techniques can compensate for transmission impairments. Then corresponding technologies related to the DSP, such as nonlinearity compensation, FDE, SDM and ML will be discussed. Relevant techniques will be analyzed, and representational results and experimental verifications will be demonstrated. In the end, a brief conclusion and perspective will be provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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22 pages, 7533 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Equalization Technologies for Short-Reach Optical Links Based on PAM4 Modulation: A Review
by Honghang Zhou, Yan Li, Yuyang Liu, Lei Yue, Chao Gao, Wei Li, Jifang Qiu, Hongxiang Guo, Xiaobin Hong, Yong Zuo and Jian Wu
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2342; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9112342 - 07 Jun 2019
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 5878
Abstract
In recent years, short-reach optical links have attracted much more attention and have come to constitute a key market segment due to the rapid development of data-center applications and cloud services. Four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) is a promising modulation format to provide [...] Read more.
In recent years, short-reach optical links have attracted much more attention and have come to constitute a key market segment due to the rapid development of data-center applications and cloud services. Four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) is a promising modulation format to provide both a high data rate and relatively low cost for short-reach optical links. However, the direct detector and low-cost components also pose immense challenges, which are unforeseen in coherent transmission. To compensate for the impairments and to truly meet data rate requirements in a cost-effective manner, various digital signal processing (DSP) technologies have been proposed and investigated for short-reach PAM4 optical links. In this paper, an overview of the latest progress on DSP equalization technologies is provided for short-reach optical links based on PAM4 modulation. We not only introduce the configuration and challenges of the transmission system, but also cover the principles and performance of different equalizers and some improved methods. Moreover, machine learning algorithms are discussed as well to mitigate the nonlinear distortion for next-generation short-reach PAM4 links. Finally, a summary of various equalization technologies is illustrated and our perspective for the future trend is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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28 pages, 14749 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in DSP Techniques for Mode Division Multiplexing Optical Networks with MIMO Equalization: A Review
by Yi Weng, Junyi Wang and Zhongqi Pan
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(6), 1178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9061178 - 20 Mar 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4878
Abstract
This paper provides a technical review regarding the latest progress on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) equalization techniques for high-capacity fiber-optic communication networks. Space division multiplexing (SDM) technology was initially developed to improve the demanding capacity of optic-interconnect links through mode-division [...] Read more.
This paper provides a technical review regarding the latest progress on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) equalization techniques for high-capacity fiber-optic communication networks. Space division multiplexing (SDM) technology was initially developed to improve the demanding capacity of optic-interconnect links through mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibers (FMF), or core-multiplexing exploiting multicore fibers (MCF). Primarily, adaptive MIMO filtering techniques were proposed to de-multiplex the signals upon different modes or cores, and to dynamically compensate for the differential mode group delays (DMGD) plus mode-dependent loss (MDL) via DSP. Particularly, the frequency-domain equalization (FDE) techniques suggestively lessen the algorithmic complexity, compared with time-domain equalization (TDE), while holding comparable performance, amongst which the least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms are most ubiquitous and, hence, extensively premeditated. In this paper, we not only enclose the state of the art of MIMO equalizers, predominantly focusing on the advantage of implementing the space–time block-coding (STBC)-assisted MIMO technique, but we also cover the performance evaluation for different MIMO-FDE schemes of DMGD and MDL for adaptive coherent receivers. Moreover, the hardware complexity optimization for MIMO-DSP is discussed, and a joint-compensation scheme is deliberated for chromatic dispersion (CD) and DMGD, along with a number of recent experimental demonstrations using MIMO-DSP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications)
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