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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 24908

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jeongsoo Nam

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Guest Editor

Department of Architecture Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
Interests: cement and concrete composites; fiber reinforcement; UHPC; impact resistance; durability; waste management; sustainable building materials

Prof. Dr. Gyuyong Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Architecture Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
Interests: cement; cement composites; concrete; mechanical behavior
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, focusing on the emerging trends, both in fibers and matrix development and in composite manufacturing technologies. Original articles and review papers will deal with the following themes, without being limited to them: Mixing process, static and dynamic behaviors, material and structural characterization and testing, shrinkage and durability, microstructures, simulation of properties over size effects, and novel applications of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs). Contributions on advanced design and manufacturing systems are also encouraged. Research on fire safety, impact, and blast resistance is also welcome. We kindly invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jeongsoo Nam
Prof. Dr. Gyuyong Kim
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Fiber reinforcement
Cement-based composites
Mechanical property
Durability
Mixing process
Fresh characteristics
Dynamic behaviors
Microstructures
Structural performance

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 175 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites

by Sujeong Pyeon, Gyuyong Kim and Jeongsoo Nam

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8639; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13158639 - 27 Jul 2023

Viewed by 688

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional cementitious materials due to their enhanced mechanical properties and durability [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

Research

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17 pages, 5361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Internal Curing Effect of Waste Glass Beads on High-Strength Cement Composites

by Sujeong Pyeon, Gyuyong Kim, Sangsoo Lee and Jeongsoo Nam

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8385; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12168385 - 22 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1524

Abstract

High-strength concrete (HSC) uses binders and microfillers with ultrafine particles, such as silica fume. The resulting dense internal hydration structure rapidly decreases HSC humidity, causing shrinkage cracks and affecting internal hydration. Herein, the hydration degree inside high-strength cement composites (HSCCs) was examined using waste glass beads (WGBs) as lightweight aggregates (LWAs). Moreover, unreacted hydrate reduction and hydrate formation tendencies were investigated. WGBs with particle sizes within 2.00–6.00 mm were added at ratios of 5%, 10%, and 20% after pre-wetting. The increased number of hydrates inside the specimens were examined under steam curing (80 °C) and room temperature curing (25 °C). The strength decreased as the WGB content increased. Thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, and Si nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that the hydration degree of Si inside HSCCs changed when the content of pre-wetted LWAs changed. A visual inspection of the specimen cross-section and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS) analysis revealed the moisture trapped inside WGB pores and the hydration tendency. Under steam curing and room temperature curing, the paste contained different amounts of hydrates, depending on WGB content. Moreover, water-absorbed WGBs were continuously desorbed through SEM–EDS, and hydrates were present in WGB pores. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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19 pages, 5328 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compressive-Strength Analysis of High-Strength Cementitious Composites Mixed with Red and Green Pigments

by Sujeong Pyeon, Gyuyong Kim, Gyeongcheol Choe, Namgyu Park, Donggeun Jeong, Byungcheol Choi, Moonkyu Kim and Jeongsoo Nam

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7667; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157667 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

We estimate the mechanical properties of pigment-containing ultra-high-strength cement composites (UHSCCs) and the pigment-induced changes in their physical properties via thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses. Hydrates in samples are analyzed using thermogravimetry. Additionally, the change in color expression with the UHSCC age is examined via the Commission Internationale de l’ Éclairage L*a*b* analysis. Correlation analysis is performed to determine linear relationships between experimental factors by calculating R². A change in hydrate expression is confirmed as the strength increases with age. The pigment used affects the change in hydrate expression as well as color development. Correlation analysis of the results for all ages reveals that 5% red pigment mixing yields the highest R² of 0.9858 in intensity-a*. The case of 10% red pigment mixing yields the lowest R² of 0.5229 in intensity-b*. According to the amount of pigment used, we believe that quantitative results can be obtained by considering L* (contrast), rather than the relationship between intensity and color components. The appropriate mixing ratio based on the intensity expression of the red pigment is 3–8%, and the green pigment intensity and strength expression are inversely proportional. Our results can serve as a guideline for the performance development of pigmented cement-based composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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14 pages, 3777 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Dune Sand on Drying Shrinkage Cracking of Fly Ash Concrete

by Euibae Lee, Jeongwon Ko, Jaekang Yoo, Sangjun Park and Jeongsoo Nam

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3128; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12063128 - 18 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2982

Abstract

In this study, the drying shrinkage cracking characteristics of concrete containing 30% fly ash were investigated for various dune sand (DS) replacements and unit water contents. In the results of compressive strength, the mixture with a DS-to-fine aggregate (DS/FA) ratio of 10% showed the highest value, which was 17.6% higher than the lowest value. However, in the results of restrained drying shrinkage cracking, the mixtures with a DS/FA ratio of 20% showed the highest crack resistance, which was 24% higher than the lowest crack resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to consider DS replacement according to the required performance of concrete. The restraint effect factors of the aggregates were analyzed based on the relationship between the volume change of each aggregate and the change in the net time to cracking. The restraint effect factor of crushed sand was 0.71–0.98 and that of DS was 0.56–0.90 when that of the coarse aggregate (CA) was 1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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18 pages, 29212 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Evaluation of the Ultimate Strength of the Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams

by Baek-Il Bae, Moon-Sung Lee, Chang-Sik Choi, Hyung-Suk Jung and Hyun-Ki Choi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 2951; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11072951 - 25 Mar 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2052

Abstract

Evaluation of the ultimate strength for the UHPFRC (ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete) flexural members was conducted. In this study, an experimental program about UHPFRC beams was conducted with the effect of fiber volume fraction, shear span to depth ratio, and compressive strength of matrix as the main variables. Among them, it was found that fiber volume fraction was the variable that had the greatest influence on the ultimate strength. The inclusion of 2% volume fraction steel fiber increases the shear and flexural strength of UHPFRC beams significantly. In particular, steel fiber inclusion changed the mode of failure of beams from diagonal shear failure into flexural failure. For the classification of failure patterns, the ultimate flexural strength and shear strength of UHPFRC members were evaluated using the current design code and UHPC guidelines. Flexural ultimate strength was affected by the size and shape of the stress block and consideration of the matrix’s tensile strength. For the accurate shear strength prediction of UHPFRC beams, the tensile strength of the high strength matrix and the effect of steel fiber should be considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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12 pages, 3620 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Steel Reinforcing Bar and Steel Fibers Content Effect on Tensile and Electrical Behaviors of Strain-Hardening Cement Composite (SHCC) with MWCNTs in Direct Tension

by Dong-Hui Kim, Wan-Shin Park, Sun-Woo Kim, Moon-Sung Lee, Soo-Yeon Seo and Hyun-Do Yun

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2446; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11052446 - 09 Mar 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2274

Abstract

This research examines the influence of an embedded steel reinforcing bar and micro steel fibers on the tensile and electrical properties of polyethylene (PE) fibers reinforced cement composite dumbbell-shaped specimens with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in direct tension. The cement composites are reinforced with 0.75 vol.% PE fibers to achieve a strain-hardening performance in direct tension and 1.0 wt % MWCNTs are incorporated to give the electrical conductivity into the cement composites. To investigate the steel bar and steel fibers effect on the electrical behavior of synthetic PE fiber reinforced strain-hardening cement composites (PE-SHCCs), a round bar with a diameter of 4 or 7 mm is placed at the center of specimen’s cross-section. Additionally, steel fibers’ content of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 vol.% are added into the PE-SHCC mixtures. The test result indicates that the addition of steel fibers improves the tensile strength and electrical behavior of synthetic PE fiber reinforced SHCC. The self-sensing ability of PE-SHCC with 1.0% steel fibers is improved by the presence of the embedded steel bar before an initial crack while the reinforced PE-SHCC specimens were less sensitive as the tensile strain increased after the initial crack. The optimal linear regressions between fractional changes in resistivity (FCR) and tensile strain were achieved for PE-SHCC containing 1.0% steel fibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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16 pages, 4090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Aggregate Effect on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Dune Sand

by Euibae Lee, Jeongwon Ko, Jaekang Yoo, Sangjun Park and Jeongsoo Nam

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1952; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11041952 - 23 Feb 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2562

Abstract

In this study, the compressive strengths of concrete were investigated based on water content and aggregate volume fractions, comprising dune sand (DS), crushed sand (CS), and coarse aggregate (CA), for different ages. Experimental data were used to analyze the effects of the volume fraction changes of aggregates on the compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete increases until the volumetric DS to fine aggregate (FA) ratio (DS/FA ratio) reaches 20%, after which it decreases. The relationship between changes in compressive strength and aggregate volume fractions was analyzed considering the effect factor of each aggregate on the compressive strength and at 2 conditions: (1) 0 < DS < CS < CA and (2) 0 < CA < CS < DS. For condition (1), when the effect factor of CA = 1, those of DS and CS were within 0.04–0.83 and 0.72–0.92, respectively, for all mixtures. For condition (2), when the effect factor of DS = 1, those of CS and CA were within 0.68–0.80 and 0.02–0.79, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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17 pages, 31913 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flexural Strength of Composite Deck Slab with Macro Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete

by Dong-Hee Son, Baek-Il Bae, Moon-Sung Lee, Moon-Seok Lee and Chang-Sik Choi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1662; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11041662 - 12 Feb 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2850

Abstract

In this research, flexural performance was evaluated using macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete (MFRC) in structural deck plates. Material tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the MFRC, and the flexural strength evaluation was conducted in two experiments, positive and negative moment tests. In the material test results, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the MFRC were increased compared with normal concrete. Flexural tensile tests showed that, after achieving maximum strength, the deck plates had sufficient residual strength until fracture. Structural tests showed that flexural strength and cracking load of all specimens increased according to macro synthetic fiber dosage. According to the experimental results, we proposed a flexural strength model of a steel deck plate containing macro synthetic fiber. The model showed greater accuracy than the current standard compared with the experimental results. In addition, since it was confirmed that the MFRC steel decks had greater flexural stiffness until yielding, it will be necessary to quantitatively evaluate the effect of MFRC on the effective flexural stiffness of steel decking in future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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16 pages, 9823 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Injecting Epoxy Resin Adhesive into Cement Mortar on Tile Adhesion Performance

by Sangkyu Lee, Sangyun Lee, Gyuyong Kim, Minjae Son, Gyeongcheol Choe, Jaehyun Lee and Jeongsoo Nam

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8527; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10238527 - 28 Nov 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3029

Abstract

Large porcelain tiles have attracted increased demand owing to their cost-effectiveness and superior esthetics. Here, an epoxy resin adhesive was injected into cement mortar, which was then applied to tiles. The adhesion performance of the tiles was subsequently evaluated in terms of the permeability and drying shrinkage under various curing conditions. The epoxy resin adhesive not only penetrated the tile–mortar and mortar–concrete interfaces, but also directly penetrated the mortar, thus enhancing the mechanical adhesion at each interface. In addition to the mechanical adhesion between the tiles and mortar, the epoxy resin adhesive prevents the degradation of adhesion due to shear stress by minimizing the moisture evaporation and shrinkage of the mortar. Evaluation of the adhesion characteristics under water and freeze–thaw curing conditions revealed the vulnerability of the epoxy resin to moisture; however, adequate adhesion performance was observed when the epoxy resin was air-cured prior to being exposed to harsh environments. Moreover, the injection method did not prolong the construction period, but could potentially reduce it during actual application. Nevertheless, further research on the adhesion performance of tiles with injected epoxy resin adhesive is required to evaluate the long-term durability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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13 pages, 4877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Abrasion Behavior of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete in Hydraulic Structures

by Yu-Wen Liu, Yu-Yuan Lin and Shih-Wei Cho

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5562; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10165562 - 11 Aug 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3379

Abstract

This study investigated two types of abrasion resistance of steel–fiber-reinforced concrete in hydraulic structures, friction abrasion and impact abrasion using the ASTM C1138 underwater test and the water-borne sand test, respectively. Three water-to-cementitious-material ratios (0.50, 0.36, and 0.28), two impact angles (45° and 90°), plain concrete, and steel–fiber-reinforced concrete were employed. Test results showed that the abrasive action and principal resistance varied between the two test methods. The average impact abrasion rates (IARs) of concrete were approximately 8–17 times greater than the average friction abrasion rate (FARs). In general, the impact abrasion loss of the concrete surface impacted at a vertical angle was higher than that of impacted at a 45 degree angle. Moreover, the average FAR and IAR decreased when the concrete was reinforced with steel fibers. The steel fibers acted as shields to prevent the concrete material behind the fibers from abrasion, thus improving abrasion resistance. In both the underwater and waterborne sand flow methods, the resistance to abrasion of concrete without steel fibers increased as the water/cementitious material ratio (w/cm) decreased, and the concrete compressive strength also increased. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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8 pages, 2162 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

Electro-Mechanical Impedance Technique for Assessing the Setting Time of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Mortar Using Embedded Piezoelectric Sensor

by Jun-Cheol Lee and Chang-Joon Lee

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3964; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12083964 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) change in Piezoelectric (PZT) sensors embedded in steel-fiber-reinforced mortar (SFRM) was investigated to assess the material setting time. The EMI was continuously monitored for 12 h by the PZT sensor embedded in SFRM having fiber volume fraction of 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The initial and final setting time of the SFRM were estimated using EMI signal change. The penetration resistance test, a conventional test method for the setting time of cement mortar, was also conducted. In the penetration resistance test, it was observed that the initial and the final setting time of SFRM accelerated as the volume fraction of the steel fiber increased. On the other hand, in the EMI sensing technique, the initial and the final setting time of the SFRM were consistent regardless of the fiber volume fraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites)

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