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Applied Sciences
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Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II
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Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2022) | Viewed by 15958
Related Special Issue: Immunohistochemical Expression

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rosario Caltabiano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department G.F. Ingrassia – Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia no. 87, Catania (CT), Italy
Interests: dermatopathology; uveal melanoma; neuropathology; immunohistochemistry; FISH
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Carla Loreto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Sectio of Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia no. 87, Catania (CT), Italy
Interests: immunohistochemistry; cell culture; odontostomatology; occupational medicine; urology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to the application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in various research fields. However, taking into account that multiple methods (Western Blot, FISH, Next generation sequencing) are necessary to perform more reliable conclusions, the use of these methods is also welcomed. Authors should demonstrate the relevance of IHC in their works in combination with the morphological evaluation of tissue samples. This Special Issue will provide new insights in IHC and guide the reader to find the strengths and limits of this method. New prognostic and predictive factors for any inflammatory or neoplastic diseases could be reported; furthermore, new superficial cellular markers and new antibodies to detect in high-grade cancer are also of interest. Manuscripts that include clinicopathological studies, in vitro and in vivo studies with cell culture and animals, are particularly welcome. A limited number of relevant case reports will be also accepted.

Prof. Dr. Rosario Caltabiano
Prof. Dr. Carla Loreto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Prof. Dr. Rosario Caltabiano
Prof. Dr. Carla Loreto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunohistochemistry
  • inflammatory disease
  • neoplastic disease
  • prognostic and predictive factors
  • cellular markers

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 166 KiB  
Editorial
Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II
by Rosario Caltabiano and Carla Loreto
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1451; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031451 - 22 Jan 2023
Viewed by 661
Abstract
One of the most used ancillary techniques by surgical pathologists in clinical practice is immunohistochemistry (IHC) that, through an antibody–antigen reaction, allows for the detection of specific proteins at the cellular level [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)

Research

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14 pages, 7945 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Protein Expression Profiles of QSOX1 in the Murine Uterus, Placenta, and Embryo during Pregnancy
by Hung-Shih Lin, Robert Kuo-Kuang Lee, Tsung-Hsien Yang, Hsu-Wei Fang and Sheng-Hsiang Li
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10151; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112110151 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2098
Abstract
Quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) catalyzes the oxidation of the sulfhydryl group to disulfide bond and is widely expressed in various tissues. This study focuses on investigating QSOX1′s spatiotemporal and cellular protein expression profile of the pregnant uterus, placenta, and developing embryo [...] Read more.
Quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) catalyzes the oxidation of the sulfhydryl group to disulfide bond and is widely expressed in various tissues. This study focuses on investigating QSOX1′s spatiotemporal and cellular protein expression profile of the pregnant uterus, placenta, and developing embryo during mouse pregnancy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to reveal the localization of QSOX1 protein, and HistoQuest was applied to quantify protein levels. The expression level of QSOX1 in the decidua and muscle cells of the pregnant uterus fluctuated dramatically during pregnancy. QSOX1 was ubiquitously expressed in the labyrinth, junction zone, and chorionic plate in the placenta. The quantitative analysis found that this protein was highly expressed in the spinal cord, lens, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and tooth of mouse embryos, followed by the heart, intercostal muscle, diaphragm, intermediate zone, extrinsic ocular muscle, spine, pons, epidermis, tongue, ganglion, vomeronasal organ, thoracic vertebrae, and thymus. Interestingly, QSOX1 was also markedly expressed in olfactory system tissues. This comprehensive spatiotemporal study of QSOX1 protein expression will provide a basis for further investigations of the QSOX1 physiological function in the pregnant uterus, placenta, and developing embryo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)
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12 pages, 1543 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of the Immunohistochemical Expression of Serine and Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) in Uveal Melanoma: A Clinico-Pathological and Immunohistochemical Study on a Series of 85 Cases
by Giuseppe Broggi, Luca Falzone, Matteo Fallico, Andrea Russo, Michele Reibaldi, Antonio Longo, Teresio Avitabile, Rocco De Pasquale, Lidia Puzzo, Pietro Valerio Foti, Daniela Russo, Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo, Massimo Libra, Stefania Staibano and Rosario Caltabiano
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 7874; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11177874 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1567
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary ocular malignancy of adults; it exhibits an almost invariably poor prognosis with onset of liver metastases within 10–15 years after the diagnosis. Serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is an RNA-binding protein with proto-oncogene [...] Read more.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary ocular malignancy of adults; it exhibits an almost invariably poor prognosis with onset of liver metastases within 10–15 years after the diagnosis. Serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is an RNA-binding protein with proto-oncogene functions, including stimulation of angiogenesis, cell migration and cell growth; regarding the complex regulation of tumor angiogenesis, it has been suggested that SRSF1 regulates the alternative splicing of vascular endothelial growth factor-α, promoting the formation of its pro-angiogenic isoform. The immunohistochemical expression of SRSF1 on a series of 85 primary UMs, including 39 metastasizing and 46 non-metastasizing cases, was investigated; to clarify the potential pathogenetic role of SRSF1 in this tumor and its effect on angiogenesis, we correlated our immunohistochemical findings with the clinico-pathological features, the prognostic data and blood vascular microvessel density (MVD) findings of the cases from our series. Cases with higher immunohistochemical expression of SRSF1 also had higher MVD, higher metastatic potential and shorter metastasis-free survival; conversely, cases with lower SRSF1 immunoexpression showed lower MVD, lower metastatic risk and longer metastasis-free survival times. Our results suggested that SRSF1 has a negative prognostic role and a pro-angiogenic function in UM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)
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11 pages, 2651 KiB  
Article
Histopathological Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) as Predictive Biomarker for Hormone Receptors Status, Proliferative Activity and Clinical Outcome in Her-2 Positive Breast Cancer
by Giuseppe Angelico, Giuseppe Broggi, Rosario Caltabiano, Angela Santoro, Saveria Spadola, Nicoletta D’Alessandris, Giulia Scaglione, Michele Valente, Damiano Arciuolo, Alejandro Martin Sanchez, Gianluca Franceschini, Riccardo Masetti, Antonino Mulè and Gian Franco Zannoni
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 6788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11156788 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3494
Abstract
Background: In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of TILs as well their relation with clinicopathological factors in patients affected by HER-2 positive breast cancer. Methods: We evaluated 47 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma [...] Read more.
Background: In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of TILs as well their relation with clinicopathological factors in patients affected by HER-2 positive breast cancer. Methods: We evaluated 47 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma showing an immunohistochemically confirmed (score 3+) amplification of the c-erbB-2 gene for the presence of TILs and categorized in three predefined groups of low (0–10% immune cells in stromal tissue within the tumor), intermediate (11–40%), and high TILs (>40%). Results: Low, intermediate and high TILs were found in 17/47 (36%), 23/47 (49%) and 7/47(15%) cases, respectively. It was found that 6/47 cases treated with adjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab underwent progression of the disease; none of these cases exhibited high TILs. It was found that 12/47 patients with a prognostically unfavorable stage of III and IV showed low and intermediate levels of TILs, while high TILs were never observed. A significant association between intermediate/high-levels of TILs, elevated KI 67 index and hormone receptors nuclear staining was observed. High concordance in TILs distribution was observed between preoperative breast biopsies and surgical samples. Conclusions: We observed a positive correlation between the TILs and the response to both adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments in HER-2 positive BC. High TILs were also related to increased KI-67 index and to the expression of hormone receptors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)
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10 pages, 973 KiB  
Article
Use of Immunofluorescence Technique to Perform a Quantitative Analysis of Masseter Muscle Fibers in Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Pilot Study
by Giovanna Vermiglio, Mariagrazia Piancino, Michele Runci Anastasi, Giacomo Picciolo, Antonio Centofanti, Giuseppe Santoro, Mariachiara Malandrino, Giuseppina Cutroneo and Giuseppe Anastasi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5350; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11125350 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1935
Abstract
Unilateral posterior crossbite is a type of malocclusion that involves morpho-functional characteristics of masticatory muscle, such as the masseter: electrophysiological data have shown that the affected side works less than the contralateral muscle, which shows a normal or increased activity, probably in order [...] Read more.
Unilateral posterior crossbite is a type of malocclusion that involves morpho-functional characteristics of masticatory muscle, such as the masseter: electrophysiological data have shown that the affected side works less than the contralateral muscle, which shows a normal or increased activity, probably in order to compensate for the affected side. The aim of present work was to measure the diameter and the cross-sectional area of ipsilateral and contralateral muscle fibers to verify if hypertrophy and/or hypotrophy take place in this malocclusion. We used immunofluorescence pictures to measure, using ImageJ software, the diameter and the cross-sectional area of fibers from control and crossbite groups; after that, the data were processed to perform statistical analyses. Results show that the fiber diameters of contralateral muscle are larger than the diameters of ipsilateral and control fibers, and that this difference is statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the fiber diameters of the ipsilateral and control muscles. All these data suggest that, during unilateral posterior crossbite, morphological changes take place in the contralateral masseter muscle, which undergoes hypertrophy, probably to compensate for the low activity of the affected muscle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)
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8 pages, 2519 KiB  
Article
Extracellular Matrix Behaviour in Masseter Muscle of Patients Affected by Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: An Immunofluorescence Study
by Giovanna Vermiglio, Antonio Centofanti, Maria Grazia Piancino, Maria Chiara Malandrino, Michele Runci Anastasi, Giacomo Picciolo and Giuseppina Cutroneo
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4649; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11104649 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1651
Abstract
Unilateral posterior crossbite is a malocclusion disease that involves morpho-functional characteristics of masseter muscle; a normal or increased activity of contralateral muscle and a reduced activity of the ipsilateral muscle during unilateral crossbite have been shown. Since the extracellular matrix plays a key [...] Read more.
Unilateral posterior crossbite is a malocclusion disease that involves morpho-functional characteristics of masseter muscle; a normal or increased activity of contralateral muscle and a reduced activity of the ipsilateral muscle during unilateral crossbite have been shown. Since the extracellular matrix plays a key role in in mechano-transduction of transmitting forces during muscle contraction, the aim of the present study was to analyse the behaviour of extracellular matrix in this type of malocclusion through immunofluorescence reactions against laminin, collagen IV, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our results show an increased expression of Laminin, Collagen IV, and MMP-9 in the contralateral side if compared to the ipsilateral side. No differences have been found in MMP-2 expression between contralateral and ipsilateral muscles. Since the increased expression of Laminin, Collagen IV and MMP-9 is associated with muscle hypertrophy and MMP-2 is associated with muscle atrophy, our results support the existence of a hypertrophic response of contralateral muscle during unilateral posterior crossbite that probably aims to compensate the altered function of the ipsilateral one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)
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Review

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14 pages, 2695 KiB  
Review
The Clinical Role of SRSF1 Expression in Cancer: A Review of the Current Literature
by Arturo Lo Giudice, Maria Giovanna Asmundo, Giuseppe Broggi, Sebastiano Cimino, Giuseppe Morgia, Ettore Di Trapani, Stefano Luzzago, Gennaro Musi, Matteo Ferro, Ottavio de Cobelli and Giorgio I. Russo
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2268; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12052268 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3512
Abstract
Background: SFRS1 is a member of the splicing factor protein family. Through a specific sequence of alteration, SRSF1 can move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it can work autonomously as a splicing activator, or as a silencer when interacting with [...] Read more.
Background: SFRS1 is a member of the splicing factor protein family. Through a specific sequence of alteration, SRSF1 can move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it can work autonomously as a splicing activator, or as a silencer when interacting with other regulators. Alternative splicing (AS) is a fundamental biological process that ensures protein diversity. In fact, different proteins, produced by alternative splicing, can gain different and even antagonistic biological functions. Methods: Our review is based on English articles published in the MEDLINE/PubMed medical library between 2000 and 2021. We retrieved articles that were specifically related to SRSF1 and cancers, and we excluded other reviews and meta-analyses. We included in vitro studies, animal studies and clinical studies, evaluated using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale-Education (NOSE). Result: SRSF1 is related to various genes and plays a role in cell cycle, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, nucleotide excision repair, p53 pathway, apoptosis, DNA replication and RNA degradation. In most cases, SRSF1 carries out its cancer-related function via abnormal alternative splicing (AS). However, according to the most recent literature, SRSF1 may also be involved in mRNA translation and cancer chemoresistance or radio-sensitivity. Conclusion: Our results showed that SRSF1 plays a key clinical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in several types of cancer (such as Prostate, Lung, Breast, Colon, Glioblastoma), through various mechanisms of action and different cellular pathways. This review could be a starting point for several studies regarding the biology of and therapies for cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemical Expression Volume II)
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