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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation and Management: Human & Radiation
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Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation and Management: Human & Radiation

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 10268

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amin Shahrokhi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
Interests: environmental science; environmental radioactivity; radiation protection; radioecology; dosimetry; radionuclide; radon; radiological surveys; radioactive materials; radiation; radiation exposure; gamma ray; background radiation; radiotoxicity; radioactivity pollution; occupational exposure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radioactive materials are one of the types of human environmental pollutants that have been studied for decades. Exposure to emitted radiation from radioactive materials, indoor or outdoor, might endanger the health of humans and over time can lead to cancer or adverse genetic effects in future generations. Luckily, radiation pollution, after appropriate assessment, can be controlled and/or prevented in different ways (protection, mitigation, and management), including handling and treatment, mitigation, and minimization of exposure to radiation. However, radioactive materials are classified as environmental pollutants, and they are used as a helpful environmental monitoring tools.

Therefore, the scope of this Special Issue on Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation, and Management: Humans and Radiation has been created to cover a wide range of topics dealing with indoor and outdoor atmospheric / airborne radioactivity, including measurement techniques and developments, control, mitigation, management, risk assessment, modelling, and the application of radioisotopes as an environmental monitoring tool in research on climate change, studying the atmospheric circulation patterns, and detecting pre-seismic anomalies (e.g., atmospheric radon-based earthquake prediction systems).

Accordingly, we warmly invite all specialists, experts, higher education students, researchers, scientists, and educational/industrial centers to present their latest either experimental or theoretical scientific achievements across the broader spectrum of environmental radioactivity, radioecology, and radiochemistry in the form of articles or reviews.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Radon / Thoron and their decay products (workplaces, dwellings, underground mines, caves, etc.). This can include all other related topics such as monitoring, modelling, mitigation, dosimetry, protection, regulations, health, geogenic radon, etc.
  • Building materials and their contribution to indoor / outdoor radiation exposure and public health risk assessment.
  • Natural background ionizing radiation, e.g., cosmic radiation, airborne radioactive particles, environmental radioactivity, atmospheric radiation, and individual or occupational exposure assessment (risk and health assessment).
  • Airborne/Atmospheric radioactive material dispersion characterization and modelling, including from both natural and/or man-made emission sources (such as power plants, nuclear disasters, fuel recycle, transportation leak). This can also include aerosol dynamics, migrate and ground deposition, difficulties and uncertainties, sensitivity, simulation, management, or a comprehensive comparison overview of available models.
  • The atmospheric behavior, transfer, and distribution of environmental and geogenic radionuclides.
  • Applications of radioisotopes as a mechanistic or time-scale tracer tool in environmental monitoring, e.g., predictive modelling, research on climate change, earthquake early warning system (detection of pre-seismic anomalies), atmospheric circulation, etc.
  • Airborne/Atmospheric radioactivity surveillance, e.g., continuous particulate air monitors, aerial gamma monitoring, etc.

Dr. Amin Shahrokhi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Atmospheric Radiation
  • Radon/Thoron and Decay Products
  • Exposure
  • Mitigation
  • Building Materials
  • Atmospheric Radionuclide Dispersion
  • Underground Workplaces
  • Airborne Radioactive Particles
  • Cosmic Radiation
  • Predictive Modelling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3351 KiB  
Article
Monthly Precipitation Collected at Hirosaki, Japan: Its Tritium Concentration and Chemical and Stable Isotope Compositions
by Haruka Kuwata, Naofumi Akata, Kazusa Okada, Masahiro Tanaka, Hirofumi Tazoe, Naoyuki Kurita, Nao Otashiro, Ryoju Negami, Takahito Suzuki, Yuki Tamakuma, Yoshitaka Shiroma and Masahiro Hosoda
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 848; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13050848 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2530
Abstract
Monthly precipitation samples were collected at Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture from January 2018 to December 2020 to measure the ion species and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in order to understand the regional properties. The tritium concentration ranged from 0.28 to 1.20 Bq/L, [...] Read more.
Monthly precipitation samples were collected at Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture from January 2018 to December 2020 to measure the ion species and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in order to understand the regional properties. The tritium concentration ranged from 0.28 to 1.20 Bq/L, with mean values (±S.D.) of 0.52 ± 0.18, 0.67 ± 0.25 and 0.63 ± 0.21 Bq/L in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. This concentration level was almost the same as for Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture. The tritium concentration had clear seasonal variation: high in the spring and low in the summer. This trend was thought to arise from seasonal fluctuations in the atmospheric circulation. On the other hand, the pH tended to be low, and the electrical conductivity (EC) tended to be high from the winter to the spring. The ion components, which major ion species contained in sea salt, also tended to be high in the winter, and these components had a strong influence on EC. The d-excess values were high in the winter and low in the summer, and when this trend was considered from the viewpoint of the wind direction data in Hirosaki, these dust components were attributed to the northwest monsoon in the winter to the spring coming from the Asian continent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation and Management: Human & Radiation)
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16 pages, 1904 KiB  
Article
Sources and Variability of Plutonium in Chinese Soils: A Statistical Perspective with Moving Average
by Sixuan Li, Youyi Ni and Qiuju Guo
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 769; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13050769 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1439
Abstract
We investigated the different sources and their corresponding impact areas of Pu in Chinese surface soils to illustrate the state-of-the-art of the sources, levels and distributions of 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios as well as 239+240Pu activity concentrations in [...] Read more.
We investigated the different sources and their corresponding impact areas of Pu in Chinese surface soils to illustrate the state-of-the-art of the sources, levels and distributions of 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios as well as 239+240Pu activity concentrations in China. For the first time a moving average strategy in combination with statistical analysis was employed to partition geographic areas in China based on the reported 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio and 239+240Pu concentration data from public literature. During the partitioning, the median (MED) of the dataset was basically employed as a criteria in place of the commonly used arithmetic average (AM). Concisely, three areas were partitioned according to the different influences of Pu from the Lop Nor (LNTS) and Semipalatinsk (STS) test sites and the global fallout. The partitioned Ternary area (80° E–105° E, 35° N–50° N) was supposed to have multiple sources of Pu including the STS and LNTS besides the global fallout, which was characterized with slightly lower 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios (MED = 0.174) as well as elevated 239+240Pu concentrations (MED = 0.416 mBq/g). Meanwhile, the Binary area (35° N–45° N, 100° E–115° E) was considered to have received the extra contribution from the high-yield nuclear tests at the LNTS besides the global fallout, resulting in the highest 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios (MED = 0.200) across China. The remaining area was marked as the Unitary area, where it only received the exclusive contribution of global fallout. Furthermore, through the statistical analysis of the 240Pu/239Pu data in the Unitary area, we recommended a value of 0.186 ± 0.021 (AM ± SD) as a representative or area-specific 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio baseline to characterize the global fallout derived Pu in Chinese soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation and Management: Human & Radiation)
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7 pages, 1163 KiB  
Article
Indoor Radon Monitoring in Kindergarten and Primary Schools in South Italy
by Filomena Loffredo, Irene Opoku-Ntim, Giovanni Meo and Maria Quarto
Atmosphere 2022, 13(3), 478; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13030478 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1809
Abstract
Humans are mostly exposed to ionizing radiation through radon and its decay products. The results of indoor radon measurements in 39 kindergartens and primary schools in the Campania region of southern Italy are presented in this paper. The survey was carried out with [...] Read more.
Humans are mostly exposed to ionizing radiation through radon and its decay products. The results of indoor radon measurements in 39 kindergartens and primary schools in the Campania region of southern Italy are presented in this paper. The survey was carried out with CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Radon concentrations were measured and ranged from 11 to 1416 Bq/m3, with a geometric mean of 77 Bq/m3 and a geometric standard deviation of 2. The findings revealed that 70% of the measures were below the WHO recommended level of 100 Bq/m3 and that 97 percent of the measurements were below the 300 Bq/m3 level set by Italian law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation and Management: Human & Radiation)
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16 pages, 3683 KiB  
Article
Distributions and Risk Assessment of the Natural Radionuclides in the Soil of Shoubra El Kheima, South Nile Delta, Egypt
by Randa Osman, Yehia H. Dawood, Ahmed Melegy, Mohamed S. El-Bady, Ahmed Saleh and Ahmed Gad
Atmosphere 2022, 13(1), 98; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/atmos13010098 - 08 Jan 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
Due to heightening concern about radiation hazards protection, activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in forty soil samples collected from Shoubra El Kheima in the South Nile Delta were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra [...] Read more.
Due to heightening concern about radiation hazards protection, activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in forty soil samples collected from Shoubra El Kheima in the South Nile Delta were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra and 40K were higher in 20% of the considered samples than the world average values. A comprehensive comparison with up-to-date data was carried out. Spatial distribution maps of the measured radionuclides and radiological parameters were generated. The distributions of natural radionuclides were influenced by the soil organic matter, clay content, and scavenger metals oxides, as well as differences in the physical and chemical attributes and solubility of these radionuclides. The results revealed that industrial activity and agricultural practices in the study area caused an incremental increase in 226Ra and 40K activity concentrations. It can be deduced that although there are intensive industrial activities in this area, the natural radiation that comes from the soil is normal and does not pose a significant radiological hazard to the public. The natural radioactivity of soil in this area needs to be monitored periodically to prevent unnecessary radiation exposure to inhabitants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Radioactivity Measurements, Control, Mitigation and Management: Human & Radiation)
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