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Biosensors
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Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing
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Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 41517

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Fantoni

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Centre of Technology and Systems (UNINOVA-CTS) FCT Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
2. Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: photonic devices; semiconductor science; biomedical sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Point-of-care (POC) methods for medical screening and timely disease diagnosis, allowing a continuous general health state assessment, are central for the future development of health systems. From this point of view, biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects can play a major role because of their high sensitivity, reduced fabrication process complexity, and high level of integration. They offer the potential to move proteomic biology into the clinical setting as a routine diagnostic procedure and surpass the technical challenge of conventional methods. The light-generated SPR phenomena depend on the fine-tuning of the wavelength against the geometry of the resonant structures and the optical properties of the materials that are used. Targeting the optimization of this key point, a large panorama of different structure configurations can be proposed, based on different schemes for plasmon generation and sensor interrogation methods, ranging from local nanoparticle response (LSPR), optical waveguides, optical fibers, and interferometers, to advanced structures where the SPR is enhanced by the mutual influence of different nanostructures with 2D materials. The overall performance of the resulting biosensor depends on the ability to immobilize specific antibodies while maintaining their biological activity, as well as providing antibodies accessibility to the analyte.

Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing is a very interdisciplinary research playground and this Special Issue will serve as a vehicle for the dissemination of recent research in this exciting area. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript, research paper, or review, welcoming multiple perspectives related to this topic, widening from material science to biochemistry, nanotechnology, and low-power electronic systems.

Prof. Alessandro Fantoni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)
  • Plasmonic waveguides and interferometers
  • Semiconductors and metals for plasmonic biosensors
  • 2D materials for plasmonic biosensors
  • Antibody functionalization of SPR sensors
  • Electronic acquisition system for SPR biosensors
  • Case studies and applications of SPR sensors

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

9 pages, 2078 KiB  
Communication
Real-Time Detection of LAMP Products of African Swine Fever Virus Using Fluorescence and Surface Plasmon Resonance Method
by Hao Zhang, Yuan Yao, Zhi Chen, Wenbo Sun, Xiang Liu, Lei Chen, Jianhai Sun, Xianbo Qiu, Duli Yu and Lulu Zhang
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 213; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12040213 - 03 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2239
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a swine disease with a very high fatality rate caused by a complex double-stranded DNA virus. The fluorescence PCR detection method is widely used for virus nucleic acid detection. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free and real-time [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF) is a swine disease with a very high fatality rate caused by a complex double-stranded DNA virus. The fluorescence PCR detection method is widely used for virus nucleic acid detection. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free and real-time detection method, unlike the fluorescence PCR detection method. In this research, we detected the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) products of the African swine fever virus by using the SPR and fluorescence methods separately and simultaneously. By comparing the positive and negative control results, we found that the SPR response unit is completely different before and after the LAMP process. In addition, the fluorescence results on a chip showed that with an increase in the concentration of the sample, the cycle threshold (CT) value decreased, which is consistent with commercial instruments. Both the decline rate of the SPR response unit and the CT value of the fluorescence realized were used to distinguish the positive control from the negative control and water, which indicates that the SPR method can be combined with fluorescence to detect LAMP products. This research provides a label-free and simple method for detecting LAMP products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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20 pages, 37978 KiB  
Article
Effect of Graphene vs. Reduced Graphene Oxide in Gold Nanoparticles for Optical Biosensors—A Comparative Study
by Ana P. G. Carvalho, Elisabete C. B. A. Alegria, Alessandro Fantoni, Ana M. Ferraria, Ana M. Botelho do Rego and Ana P. C. Ribeiro
Biosensors 2022, 12(3), 163; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12030163 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3296
Abstract
Aiming to develop a nanoparticle-based optical biosensor using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using green methods and supported by carbon-based nanomaterials, we studied the role of carbon derivatives in promoting AuNPs localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), as well as their morphology, dispersion, and stability. [...] Read more.
Aiming to develop a nanoparticle-based optical biosensor using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using green methods and supported by carbon-based nanomaterials, we studied the role of carbon derivatives in promoting AuNPs localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), as well as their morphology, dispersion, and stability. Carbon derivatives are expected to work as immobilization platforms for AuNPs, improving their analytical performance. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using an eco-friendly approach in a single step by reduction of HAuCl4·3H2O using phytochemicals (from tea) which act as both reducing and capping agents. UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential (ζ-potential), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the AuNPs and nanocomposites. The addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) resulted in greater dispersion of AuNPs on the rGO surface compared with carbon-based nanomaterials used as a support. Differences in morphology due to the nature of the carbon support were observed and are discussed here. AuNPs/rGO seem to be the most promising candidates for the development of LSPR biosensors among the three composites we studied (AuNPs/G, AuNPs/GO, and AuNPs/rGO). Simulations based on the Mie scattering theory have been used to outline the effect of the phytochemicals on LSPR, showing that when the presence of the residuals is limited to the formation of a thin capping layer, the quality of the plasmonic resonance is not affected. A further discussion of the application framework is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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9 pages, 1399 KiB  
Communication
Surface Plasmon Resonance for Protease Detection by Integration of Homogeneous Reaction
by Ning Xia, Gang Liu and Xinyao Yi
Biosensors 2021, 11(10), 362; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11100362 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
The heterogeneous assays of proteases usually require the immobilization of peptide substrates on the solid surface for enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. However, immobilization of peptides on the solid surface may cause a steric hindrance to prevent the interaction between the substrate and the active [...] Read more.
The heterogeneous assays of proteases usually require the immobilization of peptide substrates on the solid surface for enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. However, immobilization of peptides on the solid surface may cause a steric hindrance to prevent the interaction between the substrate and the active center of protease, thus limiting the enzymatic cleavage of the peptide. In this work, we reported a heterogeneous surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method for protease detection by integration of homogeneous reaction. The sensitivity was enhanced by the signal amplification of streptavidin (SA)-conjugated immunoglobulin G (SA-IgG). Caspase-3 (Cas-3) was determined as the model. A peptide labeled with two biotin tags at the N- and C-terminals (bio-GDEVDGK-bio) was used as the substrate. In the absence of Cas-3, the substrate peptide was captured by neutravidin (NA)-covered SPR chip to facilitate the attachment of SA-IgG by the avidin-biotin interaction. However, once the peptide substrate was digested by Cas-3 in the aqueous phase, the products of bio-GDEVD and GK-bio would compete with the substrate to bond NA on the chip surface, thus limiting the attachment of SA-IgG. The method integrated the advantages of both heterogeneous and homogeneous assays and has been used to determine Cas-3 inhibitor and evaluate cell apoptosis with satisfactory results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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10 pages, 2726 KiB  
Article
SPR-Based Kinetic Analysis of the Early Stages of Infection in Cells Infected with Human Coronavirus and Treated with Hydroxychloroquine
by Petia Genova-Kalou, Georgi Dyankov, Radoslav Marinov, Vihar Mankov, Evdokiya Belina, Hristo Kisov, Velichka Strijkova-Kenderova and Todor Kantardjiev
Biosensors 2021, 11(8), 251; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11080251 - 26 Jul 2021
Viewed by 2707
Abstract
Cell-based assays are a valuable tool for examination of virus–host cell interactions and drug discovery processes, allowing for a more physiological setting compared to biochemical assays. Despite the fact that cell-based SPR assays are label-free and thus provide all the associated benefits, they [...] Read more.
Cell-based assays are a valuable tool for examination of virus–host cell interactions and drug discovery processes, allowing for a more physiological setting compared to biochemical assays. Despite the fact that cell-based SPR assays are label-free and thus provide all the associated benefits, they have never been used to study viral growth kinetics and to predict drug antiviral response in cells. In this study, we prove the concept that the cell-based SPR assay can be applied in the kinetic analysis of the early stages of viral infection of cells and the antiviral drug activity in the infected cells. For this purpose, cells immobilized on the SPR slides were infected with human coronavirus HCov-229E and treated with hydroxychloroquine. The SPR response was measured at different time intervals within the early stages of infection. Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to provide the reference data. We found that the results of the SPR and MTT assays were consistent, and SPR is a reliable tool in investigating virus–host cell interaction and the mechanism of action of viral inhibitors. SPR assay was more sensitive and accurate in the first hours of infection within the first replication cycle, whereas the MTT assay was not so effective. After the second replication cycle, noise was generated by the destruction of the cell layer and by the remnants of dead cells, and masks useful SPR signals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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15 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
Plasmonic Interferometers as TREM2 Sensors for Alzheimer’s Disease
by Dingdong Li, Rachel Odessey, Dongfang Li and Domenico Pacifici
Biosensors 2021, 11(7), 217; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11070217 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2468
Abstract
We report an effective surface immobilization protocol for capture of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor whose elevated concentration in cerebrospinal fluid has recently been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We employ the proposed surface functionalization scheme to design, [...] Read more.
We report an effective surface immobilization protocol for capture of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor whose elevated concentration in cerebrospinal fluid has recently been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We employ the proposed surface functionalization scheme to design, fabricate, and assess a biochemical sensing platform based on plasmonic interferometry that is able to detect physiological concentrations of TREM2 in solution. These findings open up opportunities for label-free biosensing of TREM2 in its soluble form in various bodily fluids as an early indicator of the onset of clinical dementia in AD. We also show that plasmonic interferometry can be a powerful tool to monitor and optimize surface immobilization schemes, which could be applied to develop other relevant antibody tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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11 pages, 2850 KiB  
Article
Optimization of High-Density Fe-Au Nano-Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Samples
by Giovanni Marinaro, Maria Laura Coluccio and Francesco Gentile
Biosensors 2021, 11(6), 181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11060181 - 05 Jun 2021
Viewed by 2396
Abstract
The method of realizing nanostructures using porous alumina templates has attracted interest due to the precise geometry and cheap cost of nanofabrication. In this work, nanoporous alumina membranes were utilized to realize a forest of nanowires, providing a bottom-up nanofabrication method suitable for [...] Read more.
The method of realizing nanostructures using porous alumina templates has attracted interest due to the precise geometry and cheap cost of nanofabrication. In this work, nanoporous alumina membranes were utilized to realize a forest of nanowires, providing a bottom-up nanofabrication method suitable for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Gold and iron were electroplated through the straight channels of the membrane. The resulting nanowires are, indeed, made of an active element for plasmonic resonance and SERS as the hexagonal distribution of the nanowires and the extreme high density of the nanowires allows to excite the plasmon and detect the Raman signal. The method to reduce the distance between pores and, consequently, the distance of the nanowires after electrodeposition is optimized here. Indeed, it has been predicted that the light intensity enhancement factor is up to 1012 when the gap is small than 10 nm. Measurements of Raman signal of thiol groups drying on the gold nanowires show that the performance of the device is improved. As the thiol group can be linked to proteins, the device has the potential of a biosensor for the detection of a few biomolecules. To assess the performance of the device and demonstrate its ability to analyze biological solutions, we used it as SERS substrates to examine solutions of IgG in low abundance ranges. The results of the test indicate that the sensor can convincingly detect biomolecules in physiologically relevant ranges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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11 pages, 1457 KiB  
Article
A Novel Enzyme-Based SPR Strategy for Detection of the Antimicrobial Agent Chlorophene
by Gabriela Elizabeth Quintanilla-Villanueva, Donato Luna-Moreno, Edgar Allan Blanco-Gámez, José Manuel Rodríguez-Delgado, Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu and Melissa Marlene Rodríguez-Delgado
Biosensors 2021, 11(2), 43; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11020043 - 09 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2945
Abstract
Chlorophene is an important antimicrobial agent present in disinfectant products which has been related to health and environmental effects, and its detection has been limited to chromatographic techniques. Thus, there is a lack of research that attempts to develop new analytical tools, such [...] Read more.
Chlorophene is an important antimicrobial agent present in disinfectant products which has been related to health and environmental effects, and its detection has been limited to chromatographic techniques. Thus, there is a lack of research that attempts to develop new analytical tools, such as biosensors, that address the detection of this emerging pollutant. Therefore, a new biosensor for the direct detection of chlorophene in real water is presented, based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and using a laccase enzyme as a recognition element. The biosensor chip was obtained by covalent immobilization of the laccase on a gold-coated surface through carbodiimide esters. The analytical parameters accomplished resulted in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.33 mg/L and 1.10 mg/L, respectively, fulfilling the concentrations that have already been detected in environmental samples. During the natural river’s measurements, no significant matrix effects were observed, obtaining a recovery percentage of 109.21% ± 7.08, which suggested that the method was suitable for the fast and straightforward analysis of this contaminant. Finally, the SPR measurements were validated with an HPLC method, which demonstrated no significant difference in terms of precision and accuracy, leading to the conclusion that the biosensor reflects its potential as an alternative analytical tool for the monitoring of chlorophene in aquatic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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Review

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24 pages, 1537 KiB  
Review
Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Hybridized with 2D Nanomaterials for SERS Detection: A Review
by Caterina Serafinelli, Alessandro Fantoni, Elisabete C. B. A. Alegria and Manuela Vieira
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 225; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12040225 - 09 Apr 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3264
Abstract
In SERS analysis, the specificity of molecular fingerprints is combined with potential single-molecule sensitivity so that is an attractive tool to detect molecules in trace amounts. Although several substrates have been widely used from early on, there are still some problems such as [...] Read more.
In SERS analysis, the specificity of molecular fingerprints is combined with potential single-molecule sensitivity so that is an attractive tool to detect molecules in trace amounts. Although several substrates have been widely used from early on, there are still some problems such as the difficulties to bind some molecules to the substrate. With the development of nanotechnology, an increasing interest has been focused on plasmonic metal nanoparticles hybridized with (2D) nanomaterials due to their unique properties. More frequently, the excellent properties of the hybrids compounds have been used to improve the drawbacks of the SERS platforms in order to create a system with outstanding properties. In this review, the physics and working principles of SERS will be provided along with the properties of differently shaped metal nanoparticles. After that, an overview on how the hybrid compounds can be engineered to obtain the SERS platform with unique properties will be given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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43 pages, 9328 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Artificial Olfaction Systems with a Focus on Surface Plasmon Resonance for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds
by Marielle El Kazzy, Jonathan S. Weerakkody, Charlotte Hurot, Raphaël Mathey, Arnaud Buhot, Natale Scaramozzino and Yanxia Hou
Biosensors 2021, 11(8), 244; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11080244 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6834
Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed an increasing demand for novel analytical tools for the analysis of gases including odorants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various domains. Traditional techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, although very efficient, present several [...] Read more.
The last three decades have witnessed an increasing demand for novel analytical tools for the analysis of gases including odorants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various domains. Traditional techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, although very efficient, present several drawbacks. Such a context has incited the research and industrial communities to work on the development of alternative technologies such as artificial olfaction systems, including gas sensors, olfactory biosensors and electronic noses (eNs). A wide variety of these systems have been designed using chemiresistive, electrochemical, acoustic or optical transducers. Among optical transduction systems, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been extensively studied thanks to its attractive features (high sensitivity, label free, real-time measurements). In this paper, we present an overview of the advances in the development of artificial olfaction systems with a focus on their development based on propagating SPR with different coupling configurations, including prism coupler, wave guide, and grating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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52 pages, 9499 KiB  
Review
Gold Nanorods for LSPR Biosensing: Synthesis, Coating by Silica, and Bioanalytical Applications
by Vincent Pellas, David Hu, Yacine Mazouzi, Yoan Mimoun, Juliette Blanchard, Clément Guibert, Michèle Salmain and Souhir Boujday
Biosensors 2020, 10(10), 146; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios10100146 - 17 Oct 2020
Cited by 53 | Viewed by 11203
Abstract
Nanoparticles made of coinage metals are well known to display unique optical properties stemming from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, allowing their use as transducers in various biosensing configurations. While most of the reports initially dealt with spherical gold nanoparticles owing [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles made of coinage metals are well known to display unique optical properties stemming from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, allowing their use as transducers in various biosensing configurations. While most of the reports initially dealt with spherical gold nanoparticles owing to their ease of synthesis, the interest in gold nanorods (AuNR) as plasmonic biosensors is rising steadily. These anisotropic nanoparticles exhibit, on top of the LSPR band in the blue range common with spherical nanoparticles, a longitudinal LSPR band, in all respects superior, and in particular in terms of sensitivity to the surrounding media and LSPR-biosensing. However, AuNRs synthesis and their further functionalization are less straightforward and require thorough processing. In this paper, we intend to give an up-to-date overview of gold nanorods in LSPR biosensing, starting from a critical review of the recent findings on AuNR synthesis and the main challenges related to it. We further highlight the various strategies set up to coat AuNR with a silica shell of controlled thickness and porosity compatible with LSPR-biosensing. Then, we provide a survey of the methods employed to attach various bioreceptors to AuNR. Finally, the most representative examples of AuNR-based LSPR biosensors are reviewed with a focus put on their analytical performances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing)
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