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Coatings and Interfaces II
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Coatings and Interfaces II

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Thin Films".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 26959

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyung-Ho Park

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: 1. nanoporous aerogels: thermal barrier, filter, soundproofing, adsorber, gas sensor, ILD of ULSI; 2. thin films: ALD, sputtering deposition, TCO, Mott’s for ReRAM, high-K dielectrics; 3. nanomaterials: nanoparticles, nanocomposite, OLED, QLED, high-K dielectrics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jiwan Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
Interests: nanomaterials; nanoparticles; organic/inorganic electroluminescent device
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hong-Sub Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Interests: ferroelectric tunnel junction; high-K materials; memristor; memtransistor (2D memristor); oxide semiconductor; strongly correlated electron system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focusses on the current issues and recent techniques of coatings and interfaces, including various techniques, theories, mechanisms, and applications. Coatings and interfaces engineering are used to optimize the functionality of nano-materials, and to improve the entire materials function as a whole, for improved function through the coating at interfaces. Coatings on solid surfaces have a wide field of applications, such as paints, adhesives, coated papers, automobiles, semiconductor thin films, industrial equipment, solar cells, domestic appliances, photonics, smart coatings, micro-electronics, and biomedical and photographic films. Several methods, such as sol–gel, spin coating, dip coating, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, and so on, have been utilised for various thin or thick films. The chosen method depends on the rheology of the coating solutions, compositions, surface functional groups, types of solid surface, desired coating thickness, and uniformity, according to the application. There has been a constant motivation for various structures, textures, and chemical compositions to help form many versatile functional hybrid materials with a low cost and high production. It is possible to vary the unique functions and properties of the materials of the film using controlled interface engineering. Therefore, the optimization of the electronic, thermal, magnetic, mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of materials can be obtained using the interface control.

The current hot topics that will be covered in this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following research areas:

  • Surface, interface, and coupling effects on the properties of the multifunctional materials.
  • Novel multi-film layered and composites films.
  • Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional coatings.
  • Novel interface characterization techniques.
  • Recent trends in thin film synthesis techniques.

We look forward to both original research papers and review articles for the aforementioned topics that will help in developing various novel coatings for multidisciplinary domains.

Prof. Dr. Hyung-Ho Park
Prof. Dr. Jiwan Kim
Prof. Dr. Hong-Sub Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coatings
  • interfacial engineering
  • functional coatings
  • thin films

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3322 KiB  
Article
High Performance and Reusable SAW Sensor Coated with Thiourea-Decorated POSS with Different Functional Groups for DMMP Detection
by Bong-Gyu Bae, Hee-Chan Jang, Hyeong-Seon Choi, Young-Jun Lee and Joo-Hyung Kim
Coatings 2023, 13(2), 348; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings13020348 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1214
Abstract
A colorless, odorless G nerve agent, a type of chemical transfer agent (CWA) that causes significant loss of life, is being studied for quick and accurate detection. In this study, detection materials with different functional groups were synthesized based on thiourea (TU)-decorated polyhedral [...] Read more.
A colorless, odorless G nerve agent, a type of chemical transfer agent (CWA) that causes significant loss of life, is being studied for quick and accurate detection. In this study, detection materials with different functional groups were synthesized based on thiourea (TU)-decorated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) to study the most suitable material for the detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant of neural agents. The sensing material was coated on a SAW sensor with a resonance frequency of 250 MHz based on ST-quartz, the DMMP exposure experiment was conducted, and the performance of the sensing material was compared through frequency shift before and after exposure. Coating materials with excellent reactivity with DMMP and appropriate coating concentration for each material were identified at a concentration of 10 ppm. Among them, POSS-TU with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl as a functional group showed the largest frequency shift characteristics, and it was used in low concentration (1, 5, and 10 ppm) DMMP detection experiments to confirm linear frequency shift characteristics according to low concentration. Finally, through a selectivity experiment with other gases, it was confirmed that the amount of frequency shift in other gases except DMMP was small, making it an excellent DMMP sensing material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Interfaces II)
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22 pages, 7413 KiB  
Article
Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Thin Films: Influence of Sulphur Precursor Concentration on Microstructural and Optoelectronic Characterizations
by Asmaa Soheil Najm, Hasanain Salah Naeem, Duaa Abdul Rida Musa Alwarid, Abdulwahab Aljuhani, Siti Aishah Hasbullah, Hiba Ali Hasan, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Badariah Bais, Heidar J. Al-Iessa, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Abbas J. Sultan and Hazim Moria
Coatings 2022, 12(10), 1400; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12101400 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4084
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the response mechanisms associated with the formation of CdS thin films. CdS thin film remains the most valuable option for many researchers, since it has shown to be an effective buffer material for [...] Read more.
In this study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the response mechanisms associated with the formation of CdS thin films. CdS thin film remains the most valuable option for many researchers, since it has shown to be an effective buffer material for film-based polycrystalline solar cells (CdTe, CIGSe, CZTS). We performed experimental and numerical simulations to investigate the effect of different thiourea concentrations on the characteristics of the CdS buffer layer. The experimental results reveal that an increase in thiourea concentrations had a direct effect on the optical results, with bandgap values ranging from (2.32 to 2.43) eV. XRD analysis confirmed that all deposited films were polycrystalline, except for [1/0.75], where there is no CdS formation. Electrical studies indicated that CdS with a molar ratio of [Cd]/[S] of 1 had the maximum carrier concentration (3.21 × 1014 cm−3) and lowest resistivity (1843.9 Ω·cm). Based on the proposed mechanism, three kinds of mechanisms are involved in the formation of CdS layers. Among them, the ion-by-ion mechanism has a significant effect on the formation of CdS films. Besides, modelling studies reveal that the optic-electrical properties of the buffer layer play a crucial role in influencing the performance of a CIGS solar cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Interfaces II)
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10 pages, 8467 KiB  
Article
Two-Layer Rt-QFN: A New Coreless Substrate Based on Lead Frame Technology
by Hong-Chan Kim, Ho-Jun Ryu, Sung-Il Kang and In-Seob Bae
Coatings 2022, 12(5), 612; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12050612 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2776
Abstract
Lead frames have been widely used in the semiconductor package assembly industry; a lot of demand is still maintained in fields requiring high reliability, such as automobiles, although many fields are being replaced by laminated substrates according to the recent electronic package product [...] Read more.
Lead frames have been widely used in the semiconductor package assembly industry; a lot of demand is still maintained in fields requiring high reliability, such as automobiles, although many fields are being replaced by laminated substrates according to the recent electronic package product trend that requires high I/O pin count. The purpose of this paper is to introduce two-layer Rt-QFN, one of the lead frame-based coreless substrates. (Rt-QFN is a trademark of Haesung DS, which means premold type lead frame substrate.) two-layer Rt-QFN can secure more advanced design freedom compared with the lead frame and thus has I/O pin count coverage intermediate between the lead frame and laminated substrate. In addition, Rt-QFN can exhibit excellent heat dissipation performance by replacing via holes of the laminated substrate with Cu bumps formed by etching. CAE analysis showed that the thermal resistance of the two-layer Rt-QFN substrate was about 23% lower than that of the laminate substrate. The excellent heat dissipation property of two-layer Rt-QFN allows it to replace the existing expensive ceramic substrate and can achieve cost savings. In addition, the sputtering technique, including the LIS (Linear Ion Source) module, was introduced as a method to sufficiently secure the interfacial adhesion between the resin/Cu interface, which is a key factor in producing a two-layer substrate. As a method to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the resin/Cu interface, the collimated mode of LIS was used in the Ar atmosphere inside the vacuum chamber to activate the resin surface. After plasma pretreatment on the surface of the resin, a Cu seed layer was continuously formed by sputtering. As a result, it was possible to secure the high reliability of the two-layer Rt-QFN substrate, and it was confirmed through the evaluation of interfacial adhesion of more than 1.2 kgƒ/cm during the peel-off tape test at the resin/Cu interface and further moisture absorption evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Interfaces II)
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11 pages, 4781 KiB  
Article
A Study on Improving the Sensitivity of Indirect X-ray Detectors by Adding Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Dots
by Kwanyong Lee, Jehoon Lee, Daeho Han, Hailiang Liu and Jungwon Kang
Coatings 2022, 12(4), 492; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12040492 - 06 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the enhancement in detection sensitivity of an indirect X-ray detector based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) by adding perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs). The weight ratio of P3HT and PC71 [...] Read more.
In this paper, we demonstrate the enhancement in detection sensitivity of an indirect X-ray detector based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) by adding perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs). The weight ratio of P3HT and PC71BM was fixed at 1:1 (20 mg/mL in chlorobenzene), and different amounts of FAPbBr3 PeQDs of (0–3) mg were added to the P3HT:PC71BM active layer solution. The experimental results show that the detector using P3HT:PC71BM:FAPbBr3 PeQDs (1 mg) achieved a sensitivity of 2.10 mA/Gy∙cm2. To further improve the sensitivity, a ligand exchange experiment was performed on the P3HT:PC71BM:FAPbBr3 PeQDs (1 mg) detector. Under the condition of 12 h ligand exchange time, the detector with P3HT:PC71BM:FAPbBr3 PeQDs (1 mg) showed the highest sensitivity of 2.26 mA/Gy∙cm2, which was increased by 28% compared to the pristine detector with a P3HT:PC71BM active layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Interfaces II)
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Review

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22 pages, 8557 KiB  
Review
Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness—A Brief Exploration
by Muhammad A. Butt
Coatings 2022, 12(8), 1115; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12081115 - 04 Aug 2022
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 15971
Abstract
In this review, several cost-effective thin-film coating methods, which include dip-coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, blade-coating, and roll-coating, are presented. Each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages depending on the proposed application. Not all of them are appropriate for large-scale production due [...] Read more.
In this review, several cost-effective thin-film coating methods, which include dip-coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, blade-coating, and roll-coating, are presented. Each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages depending on the proposed application. Not all of them are appropriate for large-scale production due to their certain limitations. That is why the coating method should be selected based on the type and size of the substrate, including the thickness and surface roughness of the required thin films. The sol–gel method offers several benefits, such as simplicity in fabrication, excellent film uniformity, the capacity to cover surfaces of any size and over vast areas, and a low processing temperature. Nevertheless, these coating methods are somewhat economical and well managed in low-budget laboratories. Moreover, these methods offer thin films with good homogeneity and low-surface roughness. Furthermore, some other thin-film deposition methods, for instance, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are also discussed. Since CVD is not restricted to line-of-sight deposition, a characteristic shared by sputtering, evaporation, and other PVD methods, many manufacturing methods favor it. However, these techniques require sophisticated equipment and cleanroom facilities. We aim to provide the pros and cons of thin-film coating methods and let the readers decide the suitable coating technique for their specific application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings and Interfaces II)
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