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Energies
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Modeling, Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Ship Electric...
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Modeling, Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Ship Electric Power Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 7637

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Lebkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ship Automation, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
Interests: electric vehicles; battery system; BMS autonomous ship; artificial intelligence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric drive systems are replacing the drives used so far in an increasing number of applications, allowing energy savings and an increase in the overall efficiency of the designed devices. This is another breakthrough in the development of technology. However, there is still plenty of room for improvement and innovation in these technologies. New control and optimization possibilities related to electric drive systems can be properly tested before implementing a given solution, using more, and more superior mathematical models. Regardless of whether you are designing a new ship, or a small vehicle, you can and should always try to do it better and more accurately. This Special Issue, to which I am pleased to invite you, will hopefully be the place where you would like to publish your ideas and insights related to, among others:

  • Modeling of elements included in electric drive systems;
  • Comprehensive development of entire electric vehicle models;
  • Ship electric power system operation modeling;
  • Optimization and selection of electrical energy storage system parameters;
  • Design of algorithms that control the operation of electrical machines;
  • Optimization of vehicle energy consumption;
  • Algorithms that allow the optimization of the operating point of the electric drive system;
  • Application of various types of electrical energy sources and electrical energy storage systems;
  • Design and implementation of electrical energy storage charging systems.

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Lebkowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 17229 KiB  
Article
Comparative Studies on Batteries for the Electrochemical Energy Storage in the Delivery Vehicle
by Piotr Szewczyk and Andrzej Łebkowski
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9613; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15249613 - 18 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1283
Abstract
The publication presents a proposal of methodology for the evaluation of electric vehicle energy storage, based on examples of three types of batteries. Energy stores are evaluated in different categories such as cost, reliability, total range, energy density, battery life, weight, dependency on [...] Read more.
The publication presents a proposal of methodology for the evaluation of electric vehicle energy storage, based on examples of three types of batteries. Energy stores are evaluated in different categories such as cost, reliability, total range, energy density, battery life, weight, dependency on ambient temperature, and requirements of battery conditioning system. The performance of the battery systems were analyzed on exemplary 4 × 4 vehicle with 4 independent drives systems composed of inverters and synchronous in-wheel motors. The studies showed that the best results were obtained for energy storage built on LFP prismatic batteries, and the lowest ranking was given to energy storage built on cylindrical NMC batteries. The studies present the method of aggregation of optimization criteria as a valuable methodology for assessing design requirements and the risk of traction batteries in electric vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Ship Electric Power Systems)
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23 pages, 9264 KiB  
Article
Unmanned Electric Tugboat Formation Multi-Agent Energy-Aware Control System Concept
by Wojciech Koznowski and Andrzej Łebkowski
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9592; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15249592 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
The topic of reducing exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines in the areas of port and coastal waters is in line with the assumptions of the climate policy. The publication presents a proposal to reduce the energy associated with the movement of [...] Read more.
The topic of reducing exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines in the areas of port and coastal waters is in line with the assumptions of the climate policy. The publication presents a proposal to reduce the energy associated with the movement of port vessels through the use of a specific pattern (shape and size) of their movement. In addition to controlling the formation of tugboats, the authors propose the use of a multi-agent system offering elements of autonomous control of the vessels, which adjusts the parameters of the formation depending on the tasks performed. The results of tests for four tugboats with a hull length of 32 m and a maximum speed of 13 knots, moving in formations of eight different configurations, were analyzed. Studies conducted on the basis of a simulated exit and return to port scenario at a distance of 11.4 nm showed the possibility of reducing energy consumption required for movement by 5.8% to even 57.6% for tugboats moving one after another, at a certain distance. In addition, in order to completely eliminate exhaust gas emissions from the engines, it is proposed to use tugboats with electric drive together with an appropriate energy storage charging infrastructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Ship Electric Power Systems)
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22 pages, 11590 KiB  
Article
Propagation of Disturbances Generated by DC Electric Traction
by Zbigniew Olczykowski and Jacek Kozyra
Energies 2022, 15(18), 6851; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15186851 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
In Poland, rail transport is powered by the electric system with the use of traction substations that supply the electric traction with DC voltage of 3 kV. The necessity to change the alternating voltage to the constant and changing loads of the substation [...] Read more.
In Poland, rail transport is powered by the electric system with the use of traction substations that supply the electric traction with DC voltage of 3 kV. The necessity to change the alternating voltage to the constant and changing loads of the substation cause the electric traction to be a recipient, generating a number of disturbances to the network. These disturbances affect the quality of electricity in the power system from which traction substations are supplied, and the power quality in auxiliary and non-traction lines. This article analyzes the measurements of power quality indicators recorded at selected points of the traction substation system. The parameters characterizing the power quality were recorded, among others, in the main lines supplying traction substations, non-traction lines and auxiliary circuits. The presented article is the first in a series of publications related to the assessment of the impact of DC electric traction on the power system. The recorded data will be the basis for computer simulations defining, inter alia, the impact of power supply conditions for traction substations on the power system and to propose methods of reducing disturbances generated by a dynamically changing substation load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Ship Electric Power Systems)
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21 pages, 38919 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Hull Shape Impact on Energy Consumption in an Electric Port Tugboat
by Wojciech Koznowski and Andrzej Łebkowski
Energies 2022, 15(1), 339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15010339 - 04 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2968
Abstract
The trend to replace internal combustion engines with electric zero-emission drives, visible in the automotive industry, also exists in the shipbuilding industry. In contrary to land vehicles, the requirements for the electric propulsion system of tugs are much greater, which combined with the [...] Read more.
The trend to replace internal combustion engines with electric zero-emission drives, visible in the automotive industry, also exists in the shipbuilding industry. In contrary to land vehicles, the requirements for the electric propulsion system of tugs are much greater, which combined with the limited space and energy on board, makes any amount of energy valuable. Strategic changes in the policy of many countries, such as the “Fit for 55” package, introduce plans to significantly reduce CO2 emissions, which favors the development of alternative drives and their introduction to new areas of operation. This article presents that it is possible to reduce the amount of energy an electric tug spends for movement by applying the Particle Swarm Optimization method to modify the shape of its hull. A statistical analysis of public data was performed to determine the speed profiles of actual port tugs. The Van Oortmerssen method was used to determine the hull resistances of the proposed tug and the impact of the hull shape modification sets on reducing these resistances. Based on the six obtained speed profiles, it was determined that one of the tested variants of modifications made it possible to reduce energy consumption on average by 2.12%, to even 3.87% for one of the profiles, and that some modifications increase energy consumption by even 6.59%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicles and Ship Electric Power Systems)
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