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Liquid-Liquid, Oil-Water Energy Efficient Separations

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2021) | Viewed by 5199
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Special Issue Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
Interests: oil–water separation; membranes; wettability; liquid–liquid separation; desalination

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to announce a forthcoming Special Issue focusing on “Liquid–Liquid, Oil–Water Energy Efficient Separations” with Dr. Gibum Kwon serving as the Guest Editor. It is our pleasure to invite you to submit your original contributions to this Special Issue.

Liquid–liquid separation is at the cornerstone of clean water supply due to the ever-increasing water pollution from oil exploitation activities, as well as the massive production of wastewater in industrial processes including in pharmaceutical, mining, metallurgical, paper-making, food, and textile production.

Conventional methodologies such as centrifugation, ultrasonic separation, coagulation, distillation, biological treatment, absorbents, and skimmers have been utilized as separation technologies by comprehensively combining chemical and physical approaches. However, these methodologies are limited by their insufficient separation efficiency, secondary pollution, and high energy consumption.

Membrane-based separation of oil–water mixtures is favored over these conventional methodologies as they require no regeneration of spent media, chemical additives, and thermal inputs. Among them, high-pressure membranes (e.g., reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration) and the membranes with wettability remain the most widely used in liquid separations. However, challenges such as permeability-selectivity trade-off, chemical and mechanical robustness, upscaling limitations, susceptibility to fouling, and the resulting increased operation costs have partly counterbalanced their advantages.

Therefore, the resolution of current challenges and development of novel methodologies by the scientific society is indispensable to the provision of clean water in the future. This Special Issue is intended to act as a forum to present the latest developments and opportunities in the area of liquid–liquid separation. We invite the scientific community to contribute original research articles and review papers outlining the novel findings and recent developments in liquid–liquid separation. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Membranes for separation of immiscible liquids such as an oil–water mixture
  • Desalination of oily saline wastewater
  • Novel membrane-based technologies for miscible liquid separations
  • Membranes with special functionalities (e.g., photocatalysis, wettability, fouling resistant)

Dr. Gibum Kwon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • membranes
  • oil–water separation
  • miscible liquid separation
  • desalination
  • wastewater remediation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 30009 KiB  
Article
Sedimentation Tanks for Treating Rainwater: CFD Simulations and PIV Experiments
by Krystian Czernek, Marek Ochowiak, Daniel Janecki, Tomasz Zawilski, Leszek Dudek, Stanisław Witczak, Andżelika Krupińska, Magdalena Matuszak, Sylwia Włodarczak, Michał Hyrycz and Ivan Pavlenko
Energies 2021, 14(23), 7852; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14237852 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
The removal of solids is the most important step when treating rainwater. The article evaluates two designs of sedimentation tanks that can be used for the continuous separation of fine particles from water: OS—standard sedimentation tanks, and OW—swirl sedimentation tanks. The tanks were [...] Read more.
The removal of solids is the most important step when treating rainwater. The article evaluates two designs of sedimentation tanks that can be used for the continuous separation of fine particles from water: OS—standard sedimentation tanks, and OW—swirl sedimentation tanks. The tanks were studied by conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The settling process in sedimentation tank was carried out at varying operating flow rates. A tank with a modified structure was used for the tests, where water was supplied by a nozzle placed at an angle. This solution made it possible to obtain a rotational flow that transported the suspended particles towards its wall, where downward axial velocity resulted in the settling of particles. Based on the research, it was observed that the flow patterns showed inward flow at the bottom of the tank and an upward flow and the lifting of the settled particles near the hatch at the bottom. The presented experimental measurements provided detailed insight into flow patterns, and valuable calibration and verification data for further CFD modeling. Traditional PIV techniques are useful in the case of standard design, whereas CFD is invaluable for supporting this work and for investigating the design of novel sedimentation tanks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid-Liquid, Oil-Water Energy Efficient Separations)
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12 pages, 17250 KiB  
Article
Delamination-Free In-Air and Underwater Oil-Repellent Filters for Oil-Water Separation: Gravity-Driven and Cross-Flow Operations
by Bishwash Shrestha, Mohammadamin Ezazi and Gibum Kwon
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14217429 - 08 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
Separating oil-water mixtures is critical in a variety of practical applications, including the treatment of industrial wastewater, oil spill cleanups, as well as the purification of petroleum products. Among various methodologies that have been utilized, membranes are the most attractive technology for separating [...] Read more.
Separating oil-water mixtures is critical in a variety of practical applications, including the treatment of industrial wastewater, oil spill cleanups, as well as the purification of petroleum products. Among various methodologies that have been utilized, membranes are the most attractive technology for separating oil-water emulsions. In recent years, selective wettability membranes have attracted particular attention for oil-water separations. The membrane surfaces with hydrophilic and in-air oleophobic wettability have demonstrated enhanced effectiveness for oil-water separations in comparison with underwater oleophobic membranes. However, developing a hydrophilic and in-air oleophobic surface for a membrane is not a trivial task. The coating delamination process is a critical challenge when applying these membranes for separations. Inspired by the above, in this study we utilize poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate (F-acrylate) to fabricate a hydrophilic and in-air oleophobic coating on a filter. We utilize methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MEMO) as an adhesion promoter to enhance the adhesion of the coating to the filter. The filter demonstrates robust oil repellency preventing oil adhesion and oil fouling. Utilizing the filter, gravity-driven and continuous separations of surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsions are demonstrated. Finally, we demonstrate that the filter can be reused multiple times upon rinsing for further oil-water separations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid-Liquid, Oil-Water Energy Efficient Separations)
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