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Nanofluids Heat Transfer
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Nanofluids Heat Transfer

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J1: Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10674

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Annunziata D'Orazio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
Interests: Lattice Boltzmann modeling; heat transfer; thermodynamics; indoor air quality; airborne contamination; HVAC systems; radiation; UV; health; healthcare technological systems; Hospital environment; heat pumps; Energy savings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Arash Karimipour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad 8514143131, Iran
Interests: heat transfer; thermal fluid dynamics; nanofluids—thermophysical properties; Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids; lattice Boltzmann methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editors are inviting submissions for a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Nanofluid Heat Transfer”.

Nanofluid technologies have been identified as a solution to the problem of the rapid escalation of the heat dissipation rate, which has been observed in a wide range of applications in recent decades, for example, due to the micro- and nanominiaturization of computer electronic components, not least in medical devices, in addition to potentially addressing the requests for energy conservation.

In general, suspensions of nanometric particles in base fluids improves the efficiency of heat transfer. However, there is discussion about the experimental results for the transport properties or for the convective behavior of the nanofluids. The complete understanding of all physical mechanisms related to the behavior of these fluids, and of their overlap, is still an open issue.

In order to understand how effects related to the nanoscale could influence the macroscopic transport behavior of nanofluids, researchers are studying the stability of these solutions, including the thermal and rheological properties, convective heat transfer, and hydrodynamic behaviors of a large variety of nanoparticles (in the case of one type of particle or hybrid nanofluids) in different base fluids.

A great deal of effort is devoted to the theoretical and numerical models of the interaction mechanisms and of different physical contributions (thermophoretic diffusion, Brownian motion, effects of the wall region, effects of size and shape, etc.) and, currently, several coexisting approaches are used to describe nanofluids (for example, phase and two-phase models). Multiscale approaches have attempted to fully describe the complexity of nanofluids.

We therefore invite papers on the theoretical, experimental, and numerical results of the thermal behavior of nanofluids, review papers, and papers of analysis, discussion, and assessment.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Thermophysical properties

Natural, mixed, forced convection in nanofluids

Conductive, convective, radiative heat transfer

Rheological characteristics of nanofluids

Hybrid nanofluids

Thermohydraulics of nanofluids

Heat transfer by nanofluids through porous media and microchannels

Convection heat transfer inside cavities filled with nanofluids

Fouling and clustering of nanoparticles

Shape effects

Magnetic field effects

Micro, meso, and macro scale modeling approaches

Lattice Boltzmann methods

Prof. Dr. Annunziata D'Orazio
Prof. Dr. Arash Karimipour
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermophysical properties
  • natural, mixed, forced convection in nanofluids
  • conductive, convective, radiative heat transfer
  • rheological characteristics of nanofluids
  • hybrid nanofluids
  • thermohydraulics of nanofluids
  • heat transfer by nanofluids through porous media and microchannels
  • convection heat transfer inside cavities filled with nanofluids
  • fouling and clustering of nanoparticles
  • shape effects
  • magnetic field effects
  • micro, meso, and macro scale modeling approaches
  • lattice Boltzmann methods

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3089 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Adsorption/Desorption Contribution from Metal-Organic-Heat-Carrier Nanoparticles in Waste Heat Recovery Applications: R245fa/MIL101 in Organic Rankine Cycles
by Giovanna Cavazzini and Serena Bari
Energies 2022, 15(3), 1138; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15031138 - 03 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
The efficient recovery of low temperature waste heat, representing from 25% up to 55% of the energy losses in industrial processes, still remains a challenge and even Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) experience a strong efficiency decay in such a low temperature operating range [...] Read more.
The efficient recovery of low temperature waste heat, representing from 25% up to 55% of the energy losses in industrial processes, still remains a challenge and even Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) experience a strong efficiency decay in such a low temperature operating range (T < 150 °C). In similar heat transfer processes, several nanofluids have been proposed as a solution for increasing heat transfer efficiency, but they produced only moderate enhancements of the heat transfer efficiency in comparison with pure fluids. This paper aims at numerically assessing the potential gain in efficiency deriving from the application of an unconventional type of nanoparticles, the metal-organic heat carriers (MOHCs), in the ORC field. In comparison with standard nanoparticles, these MOHCs make it possible to extract additional heat from the endothermic enthalpy of desorption, with a theoretically high potential for boosting the heat transfer capacity of ORC systems. In this paper a numerical model was developed and customized for considering the adsorption/desorption processes of the pure fluid R245fa (pentafluoropropane) combined with a crystal structure for porous chromium terephthalate (MIL101). The R245fa/MIL101 nanofluid behavior was experimentally characterized, defining proper semi-emipirical correlations. Then, an optimization procedure was developed, combining the numerical model with a PSO algorithm, to optimize the thermodynamic conditions in the ORC so as to maximize the contribution of desorption/absorption processes. The results confirm the increase in net power output (+2.9% for 100 °C) and in expander efficiency (+2.4% for 100 °C) at very low heat source temperature. The relevance of tuning the operating cycle and the nanofluid properties is also demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Heat Transfer)
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20 pages, 29063 KiB  
Article
Convection Inside Nanofluid Cavity with Mixed Partially Boundary Conditions
by Raoudha Chaabane, Annunziata D’Orazio, Abdelmajid Jemni, Arash Karimipour and Ramin Ranjbarzadeh
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6448; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14206448 - 09 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1113
Abstract
In recent decades, research utilizing numerical schemes dealing with fluid and nanoparticle interaction has been relatively intensive. It is known that CuO nanofluid with a volume fraction of 0.1 and a special thermal boundary condition with heat supplied to part of the wall [...] Read more.
In recent decades, research utilizing numerical schemes dealing with fluid and nanoparticle interaction has been relatively intensive. It is known that CuO nanofluid with a volume fraction of 0.1 and a special thermal boundary condition with heat supplied to part of the wall increases the average Nusselt number for different aspect ratios ranges and for high Rayleigh numbers. Due to its simplicity, stability, accuracy, efficiency, and ease of parallelization, we use the thermal single relaxation time Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (SRT BGK) mesoscopic approach D2Q9 scheme lattice Boltzmann method in order to solve the coupled Navier–Stokes equations. Convection of CuO nanofluid in a square enclosure with a moderate Rayleigh number of 105 and with new boundary conditions is highlighted. After a successful validation with a simple partial Dirichlet boundary condition, this paper extends the study to deal with linear and sinusoidal thermal boundary conditions applied to part of the wall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Heat Transfer)
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16 pages, 4002 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of Thermal Properties and Dynamic Viscosity of Graphene Oxide/Oil Nano-Lubricant
by Ramin Ranjbarzadeh and Raoudha Chaabane
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2886; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14102886 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2217
Abstract
This experimental study was carried out based on the nanotechnology approach to enhance the efficacy of engine oil. Atomic and surface structures of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The nano lubricant [...] Read more.
This experimental study was carried out based on the nanotechnology approach to enhance the efficacy of engine oil. Atomic and surface structures of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The nano lubricant was produced by using a two-step method. The stability of nano lubricant was analyzed through dynamic light scattering. Various properties such as thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, flash point, cloud point and freezing point were investigated and the results were compared with the base oil (Oil- SAE-50). The results show that the thermal conductivity of nano lubricant was improved compared to the base fluid. This increase was correlated with progressing temperature. The dynamic viscosity was increased by variations in the volume fraction and reached its highest value of 36% compared to the base oil. The cloud point and freezing point are critical factors for oils, especially in cold seasons, so the efficacy of nano lubricant was improved maximally by 13.3% and 12.9%, respectively, compared to the base oil. The flash point was enhanced by 8%, which remarkably enhances the usability of the oil. It is ultimately assumed that this nano lubricant to be applied as an efficient alternative in industrial systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Heat Transfer)
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Review

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21 pages, 3337 KiB  
Review
Fouling Behavior and Dispersion Stability of Nanoparticle-Based Refrigeration Fluid
by Eleonora Ponticorvo, Mariagrazia Iuliano, Claudia Cirillo, Angelo Maiorino, Ciro Aprea and Maria Sarno
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3059; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15093059 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2034
Abstract
Nanofluids as heat transfer fluids have been acquiring popularity ever since their beginning. Therefore, the refrigeration research could not keep itself away from the ever-rising horizon of nanofluid applications. On the other hand, nanofluid stability remains the critical bottleneck for use. A significant [...] Read more.
Nanofluids as heat transfer fluids have been acquiring popularity ever since their beginning. Therefore, the refrigeration research could not keep itself away from the ever-rising horizon of nanofluid applications. On the other hand, nanofluid stability remains the critical bottleneck for use. A significant reduction in nanofluids’ performance can derivate from instability phenomena. Looking to industrial applications, nanofluid long-term stability and reusability are crucial requisites. Nanoparticles’ deposits induce microchannel circuit obstruction, limiting the proper functioning of the device and negating the beneficial characteristics of the nanofluid. The aggregation and sedimentation of the particles may also determine the increased viscosity and pumping cost, and reduced thermal properties. So, there is a need to address the features of nanofluid starting from realization, evaluation, stabilization methods, and operational aspects. In this review, investigations of nanorefrigerants are summarized. In particular, a description of the preparation procedures of nanofluids was reported, followed by a deep elucidation of the mechanism of nanofluid destabilization and sedimentation, and finally, the literature results in this field were reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Heat Transfer)
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56 pages, 5541 KiB  
Review
A Critical Review of Experimental Investigations about Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids under Turbulent and Laminar Regimes with a Focus on the Experimental Setup
by Gianpiero Colangelo, Noemi Francesca Diamante, Marco Milanese, Giuseppe Starace and Arturo de Risi
Energies 2021, 14(18), 6004; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14186004 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2624
Abstract
In this study, several experimental investigations on the effects of nanofluids on the convective heat transfer coefficient in laminar and turbulent conditions were analyzed. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the thermal performance achieved with the use of [...] Read more.
In this study, several experimental investigations on the effects of nanofluids on the convective heat transfer coefficient in laminar and turbulent conditions were analyzed. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the thermal performance achieved with the use of nanofluids in various experimental systems. This review covers both forced and natural convection phenomena, with a focus on the different experimental setups used to carry out the experimental campaigns. When possible, a comparison was performed between different experimental campaigns to provide an analysis of the possible common points and differences. A significant increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient was found by using nanofluids instead of traditional heat transfer fluids, in general, even with big data dispersion from one case to another that depended on boundary conditions and the particular experimental setup. In particular, a general trend shows that once a critic value of the Reynolds number or nanoparticle concentrations is reached, the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid decreases or has no appreciable improvement. As a research field still under development, nanofluids are expected to achieve even higher performance and their use will be crucial in many industrial and civil sectors to increase energy efficiency and, thus, mitigate the environmental impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Heat Transfer)
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