Dear Colleagues, 

The study of classical thermodynamics on nano and micro scales needs a unique approach as analysts are interested in applying thermophysical properties in a miniature system. The heat transfer is a vast area of thermodynamics that majorly describes a class of conduction, convection, and radiation. In addition, its application covers a broad area of new knowledge in micro/nano geometries. For example, it miniaturizes the microelectronic thermal components, leading to higher demands on net heat flux dissipation. It also has potential applications in the thermal management of micro/power electronics. Heat transfer and fluid flow at nano/micro-scale are complex phenomena that derive the transport properties, such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, and mass diffusion coefficient, from a microscopic viewpoint. 

It is not necessary to approach the limits of a macroscopic model to observe that the heat transfer phenomena are quite different on the micron and centimeter length scales. While heat transfer usually feels like a slow process—the time scale for heat conduction in macroscopic systems (~ 50 cm) is a few minutes—heat diffusion is a highly efficient process on the microscope (~ 10 ns). Indeed, the diffusion time is proportional to the square of the length. Moreover, the thermal resistances of microscale structures are so small that they become of the same order as the interface resistances between such structures. Microscale heat transfer thus occurs practically without inertia and is essentially equivalent to interface heat transfer. 

The task in this Special Issue is to consider a new physical model to treat energy exchanges in micro and nanostructures. There are many consequences for engineers/ industry: 

• Nanofluids, i.e., heat-carrying liquids transporting nanoparticles, have conductivities 10–40% higher than those of the base fluid and hence a greatly enhanced transfer efficiency. 
• The development of micro and nanoscale fabrication techniques has triggered a broad scientific and technical revolution.

We welcome full papers, communications, and review articles emphasizing the broad scope of the topic.

Prof. Dr. Dharmendra Tripathi
Guest Editor

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