Dear Colleagues,

Electric power systems (EPSs) are currently undergoing a rapid and transformative change. With the wide integration of distributed generation, primarily renewable energy sources and the widespread use of power electronic devices, modern power systems are facing new stability and security challenges. These challenges are manifested through:

• weakly damped oscillation caused by wind farms connected to the EPS through long transmission lines;
• frequency stability problems caused by the reduction in inertia that change the fast frequency response;
• voltage stability problems.

Synchronized phasor measurement technology has grown rapidly in the last decade, with more and more Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMSs) being deployed around the world. Their main features and advantages are their ability to measure all electrical values including phasors of voltages and currents, frequency, and the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) with high accuracy even in nodes located far from the control centre. In this way, system operators can observe the evolution of dynamic phenomena in the network over time. This was not possible to observe with traditional nonsynchronized SCADA systems. Therefore, measurement analysis synthesis can be performed in a control centre to control and protect the power system during various disturbances and even predict potential problematic events that can lead to power swings and out-of-step occurrences.

The potential benefits of synchronized measurements from PMUs have quickly attracted the attention of the scientific community in addition to grid operators. The data collected from PMUs in the transmission control centre can be used to create real-time system protection and control functions for the monitoring and detection of wide-area disturbances. The results obtained strongly depend on the hardware used, such as current and voltage transformers, data acquisition and synchronization systems, data transfer and communication infrastructure, and algorithms used to extract synchrophasor, frequency and ROCOF values. Moreover, great efforts have been made with regard to the development of measurement algorithms that guarantee the best compromise between conflicting requirements: dynamic performance, steady-state accuracy, and disturbance rejection.

PMUs were originally designed for transmission systems, and the data provided are extremely useful for many applications such as state estimation, line parameter identification, phasor-based network control, advanced relaying, and so on. These concepts have recently been applied to distribution systems as well. However, many other functions would benefit from accurate and synchronized measurements and are an extremely attractive research topics.

The objective of this Special Issue is to address issues related to the implementation of synchronized power system measurements in real-time applications in electric power systems, either in the area of real-time power system state identification (e.g., dynamic security assessment), real-time adaptation of protection and control (WAMPAC) or innovative synchrophasor, frequency and ROCOF estimation algorithms. Applications of synchronized measurements and analysis of the impacts of their accuracy as well as considerations for future scenarios are also in the focus of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Igor Kuzle
Dr. Igor Ivanković
Dr. Ninoslav Holjevac
Matej Krpan
Guest Editors

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• synchronized measurements and systems
• Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
• Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS)
• Wide Area Control (WAC) and Wide Area Protection (WAP)
• Wide Area Protection And Control (WAMPAC)
• Wide Area Management System and Control (WAMS–WAMC)
• smart grids
• real-time power system stability assessment
• blackout prevention
• system resilience and restoration
• controlled islanding
• power system dynamics
• power system protection
• distribution system monitoring, operation, and control
• power system planning and operation
• very high integration of renewable energy resources
• cyber security in power systems operation and control
• ICT-driven intelligent and autonomous controls
• modelling of cyber-physical energy and communication systems
• PMUs and big data
• data-driven modelling and big data management
• digital power stations
• big data (big data analytics for power system applications of synchronized measurements)