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Fishes
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Phytochemicals in Aquaculture
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Phytochemicals in Aquaculture

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Aquaculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 7022

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Moyano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Geology, Engineering School, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: nutrition; digestion; digestive enzymes; feed ingredients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant extracts contain a vast source of different molecules (alkaloids, flavonoids, pigments, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and essential oils), which have intrinsic bio-activities on animal physiology and metabolism. These substances, widely known as phytochemicals, have been in use since the beginning of recorded history in the diet of humans and terrestrial animals. More recently, different studies have shown that many of them may also have beneficial effects on appetite, growth, stress, and the immune status of fish, acting through different mechanisms. These phytochemicals contained in different plant sources may enhance the innate immune system, possess antimicrobial capabilities, and redox active molecules with antioxidant characteristics that may help to improve the general physiological condition of fish. Nevertheless, in spite of these well-demonstrated effects, it still remains unclear whether a particular action—i.e., antioxidant, antiseptic, immunomodulator, etc.—can be associated with a specific molecule, and this is complicated even more when one active substance may have multiple actions.

Keeping this in mind, I am pleased to solicit manuscripts pertaining to original research, mini and full reviews, short communications, as well as perspectives, which address any aspect related to the abovementioned aspects related to the use of phytochemicals in any fish species, with emphasis in the elucidation of their modes of action. This should provide the scientific basis for establishing their efficacy and safety so as to develop a long-term strategy supporting the use of these additives.

Dr. Francisco Moyano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phytochemical
  • plant
  • health
  • additive
  • physiology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 976 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial and Toxic Activity of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus), and Its Effect on the Growth and Metabolism of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
by Jorge García-Márquez, Andre Barany, Álvaro Broz Ruiz, Benjamín Costas, Salvador Arijo and Juan Miguel Mancera
Fishes 2021, 6(4), 61; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6040061 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2911
Abstract
Aquaculture procedures usually induce stress that affects the physiological status of fish. For this reason, the inclusion of additives in fish feeds to palliate stress might be a good alternative. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus [...] Read more.
Aquaculture procedures usually induce stress that affects the physiological status of fish. For this reason, the inclusion of additives in fish feeds to palliate stress might be a good alternative. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (CEO) against bacterial pathogens and to determine its dietary impact on the growth performance of Sparus aurata. In vitro tests confirmed that CEO possesses antimicrobial activity against several fish-specific pathogens. For the in vivo tests, three experimental groups were fed for 60 days with different concentrations of CEO: CTRL (0 mL kg−1 fish feed); CEO1 (1 mL kg−1 fish feed); and CEO2 (2 mL kg−1 fish feed). At the end of the experiment, the physiological status was characterized. Subsequently, the specimens of the CTRL and CEO2 groups were subjected to a challenge with an injection of Poly I:C for immune stimulation. Although S. aurata individuals tolerated CEO inclusion without compromising growth performance, it significantly reduced glycogen in the CEO2 group, concomitant to an increment of total peripheral leucocytes. Moreover, different hematological profiles’ responsive patterns against an inflammatory stimulus were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of CEO as a fish feed additive can prevent bacterial outbreaks and improve potential in vivo disease resistance in S. aurata without negatively affecting growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemicals in Aquaculture)
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13 pages, 1460 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of S-(-)-Limonene and R-(+)-Limonene against Fish Bacteria
by Elisia Gomes da Silva, Guerino Bandeira Junior, Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos, André Gündel and Bernardo Baldisserotto
Fishes 2021, 6(3), 32; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6030032 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2829
Abstract
Brazilian fish farming goes together with the emergence of numerous bacterial diseases, with Aeromonas hydrophila being the main bacterial pathogen. As a consequence, antimicrobials are excessively used. Considering that antimicrobials are relatively stable and nonbiodegradable, medicinal plants and their phytochemicals have been used [...] Read more.
Brazilian fish farming goes together with the emergence of numerous bacterial diseases, with Aeromonas hydrophila being the main bacterial pathogen. As a consequence, antimicrobials are excessively used. Considering that antimicrobials are relatively stable and nonbiodegradable, medicinal plants and their phytochemicals have been used as alternative treatments of bacteriosis in fish farming. Limonene is a monoterpene available in two enantiomers: R-(+)-limonene and S-(-)-limonene. This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of the phytochemicals S-(-)-limonene and R-(+)-limonene against some bacteria isolated from silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Furthermore, by means of spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy, we also investigated the combination therapy of phytochemicals with antimicrobials and their activity in terms of inhibiting biofilm formation. Six clinical isolates and a standard strain were selected for antimicrobial activity testing. Biofilm formation was tested in 96-well plates and nylon cubes. The most sensitive of the strains tested was the A. hydrophila strain (MF 372510). S-(-)-limonene and R-(+)-limonene had high minimum inhibitory concentrations; however, they strongly inhibited A. hydrophila biofilm formation. R-(+)-limonene and S-(-)-limonene had an additive effect when combined with florfenicol and an antagonistic effect with oxytetracycline. In general, the phytochemicals tested showed strong antibiofilm activity against A. hydrophila, and when in combination therapy with florfenicol, they showed an additive effect against the treatment of A. hydrophila. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemicals in Aquaculture)
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