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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Digital Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 April 2023) | Viewed by 8933

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sreenivas Koka

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Guest Editor

University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Dentistry, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
Interests: leadership; management; population health; dental occlusion; oral implantology; full mouth reconstruction; implant removable prosthodontics; implant fixed prosthodontics; evidence-based dentistry; systematic reviews; translational research; treatment planning; osseointegration; dental education; career development

Dr. Kelvin Ian Afrashtehfar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

1. College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
2. Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: reconstructive dentistry; prosthetic dentistry; aesthetic dentistry; cosmetic dentistry; laminate veneers; implant dentistry; digital dentistry; implant surgery; evidence-based dentistry; medical education
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Dental implants are a reliable treatment option for replacing missing teeth in both partially and completely edentulous patients. The introduction of new dental materials and digital technologies is modifying the oral implantology practice by increasing the accuracy, precision, and predictability; saving chair time; reducing waste; and consequently, saving time and improving the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This Special Issue aims to contribute to the unrelenting and rapid evolution of digital workflows in implant dentistry.

Prof. Dr. Sreenivas Koka
Dr. Kelvin Afrashtehfar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

additive manufacturing
computer-aided design
computer-aided manufacturing
cone‐beam computed tomography
dental implants
digital dentistry
digital technology
digital workflow
extraoral scanning
face scanners
guided implant surgery
implant dentistry
implant prosthodontics
intraoral scanning
oral implantology
osseointegration
patient-reported outcome measures
personalized medicine
processing software
treatment planning

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphometric Analysis of the Midline Mandibular Lingual Canal and Mandibular Lingual Foramina: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation

by Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Muath Saad Alassaf, Shadia A. Elsayed, Abdulmajeed Saud Alharbi, Abdulsamad Talaat Habeeb, Marwan Ahmad Alqurashi, Khalid Ahmed Albulushi, Mohamed Omar Elboraey, Kamal Alsultan and Ihab Ismail Mahmoud

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16910; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192416910 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1793

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the midline mandibular lingual canals and foramina and their anatomic variations using CBCT scans. Methods: This study used retrospective analysis. A total of 320 CBCT scans were used to evaluate the study parameters, which comprised the presence or absence of the mandibular lingual foramen (MLF)/mandibular lingual canal (MLC) and its category, the distance between the buccal cortex and the start of the MLC, the distance between the inferior border of the mandible and the superior border of the foramen at its lingual and buccal terminals. The length and diameter of each canal at its lingual and buccal terminals. Results: MLC was found in all included CBCT scans. Out of 320 included CBCT scans, a single canal was represented by 30.9%, double canals (Supra with Infra -spinosum) configuration appeared in 54.7%, and triple canals (Supra-Inter-Infra) represented 14.7%. The supraspinosum canals averaged 5.81 ± 2.08 mm in length and 0.87 ± 0.30 mm in diameter at the lingual terminal. In terms of the number of canals, there was a significant difference between men and women (p ≤ 0.001), with 60% of the men in the sample having double canals and 43.1% of the women having single canals. Moreover, the male gender had a higher prevalence of triple canals (21.3% vs. 8.1%) than females. Males and females were distributed equally among the supraspinosum canals, with no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.7). A considerable increase in the finding of interspinosum and infraspinosum canals was seen in the male sample (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: midline mandibular canals were found in all investigated CBCTs of the sample of both sexes; however, the anatomy and location of the MLF and canals varied significantly among the Saudi population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Technology in Implant Dentistry)

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17 pages, 4935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Tooth Region Detection Using Pretrained Deep Learning Models

by Mohammed Al-Sarem, Mohammed Al-Asali, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi and Faisal Saeed

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15414; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192215414 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2752

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the emergence of many new technologies in the healthcare industry. In dentistry, the patient’s panoramic radiographic or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are used for implant placement planning to find the correct implant position and eliminate surgical risks. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based model that detects missing teeth’s position on a dataset segmented from CBCT images. Five hundred CBCT images were included in this study. After preprocessing, the datasets were randomized and divided into 70% training, 20% validation, and 10% test data. A total of six pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used in this study, which includes AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, DenseNet169, and MobileNetV3. In addition, the proposed models were tested with/without applying the segmentation technique. Regarding the normal teeth class, the performance of the proposed pretrained DL models in terms of precision was above 0.90. Moreover, the experimental results showed the superiority of DenseNet169 with a precision of 0.98. In addition, other models such as MobileNetV3, VGG19, ResNet50, VGG16, and AlexNet obtained a precision of 0.95, 0.94, 0.94, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. The DenseNet169 model performed well at the different stages of CBCT-based detection and classification with a segmentation accuracy of 93.3% and classification of missing tooth regions with an accuracy of 89%. As a result, the use of this model may represent a promising time-saving tool serving dental implantologists with a significant step toward automated dental implant planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Technology in Implant Dentistry)

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13 pages, 2563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immediate Functional Loading with Full-Arch Fixed Implant-Retained Rehabilitation in Periodontal Patients: Clinical Study

by Eugenio Velasco-Ortega, Joao Luis Cracel-Lopes, Nuno Matos-Garrido, Alvaro Jiménez-Guerra, Ivan Ortiz-Garcia, Jesús Moreno-Muñoz, Enrique Núñez-Márquez, José Luis Rondón-Romero, José López-López and Loreto Monsalve-Guil

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192013162 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1710

Abstract

(1) Background. The immediate functional loading of implants is a clinical procedure used for treating periodontal edentulous patients. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the immediate functional loading of implants with fully fixed rehabilitations in compromised periodontal patients. (2) Methods. Three hundred and five implants IPX screw implants were placed in 27 periodontal patients using an immediate functional loading protocol with fixed rehabilitations. All patients had a previous history of periodontitis, four patients (14.8%) were smokers and seven patients (25.9%) suffered from chronic medical conditions. (3) Results. Implant and prosthetic clinical findings were evaluated during a mean period of 41.3 ± 19.6 months. No implants were lost during the clinical follow-up. The cumulative survival rate for all implants was 100%. Regarding the prostheses designed, a total of 54 fixed prostheses were placed in the 27 patients immediately after the surgery. Forty-four hybrid fixed prostheses (81.5%) and 10 fixed rehabilitations (18.5%) were placed in the patients. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.51 ± 1.16 mm, ranging from 0 to 3.5 mm during the follow-up evaluation. Thirty-one implants (10.2%) in 10 patients (37%) were associated with peri-implantitis. Five patients (18.5%) showed some kind of technical complications (loss/fracture of the prosthetic screw, acrylic resin fracture, ceramic chipping). (4) Conclusions. The clinical outcomes of this study demonstrate that fixed rehabilitation by immediate functional loading of implants is considered a predictable procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Technology in Implant Dentistry)

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14 pages, 2624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fully Digital versus Conventional Workflows for Fabricating Posterior Three-Unit Implant-Supported Reconstructions: A Prospective Crossover Clinical Trial

by Ali Mahmoud Hashemi, Hamid Mahmoud Hashemi, Hakimeh Siadat, Ahmadreza Shamshiri, Kelvin Ian Afrashtehfar and Marzieh Alikhasi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11456; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191811456 - 12 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1867

Abstract

This study assessed the clinical variables influencing the success of three-unit implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDPs) fabricated using either fully digital or conventional workflows. The clinical trial evaluated 10 patients requiring three-unit ISFDPs in the posterior mandible. Maxillomandibular relation records, and digital and conventional impressions were obtained from each patient using an intraoral scanner (IoS) and polyvinylsiloxane (PVS), and the frameworks were fabricated using zirconia and cobalt–chromium, respectively. A 2 µm accuracy scanner scanned the conventional master casts and standard reference models. The stereolithography (STL) files of the digital and conventional impressions were superimposed on the standard model file, and the accuracy was calculated with the best-fit algorithm. The framework adaptation and passivity were assessed using the one-screw and screw resistance tests. The time required for occlusal adjustment of both types of reconstructions, including the duration of the whole treatment, was recorded. The aesthetic appearance of ISFDPs was rated by each patient and clinician using a self-administered visual analogue scale questionnaire and the FDI World Dental Federation aesthetic parameters, respectively. The sample size was based on the power calculation, and alpha was set at 0.05 for the statistical analyses. The impression accuracy, framework adaptation and passivity, and reconstructions aesthetics did not significantly differ between the digital and conventional approaches. The total fabrication time was significantly shorter using the digital workflow. Within the limitations of this clinical study, the fully digital workflow can be used for the fabrication of ISFDPs with a clinical outcome comparable to that of the conventional workflow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Technology in Implant Dentistry)

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