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Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases
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Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 21670

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Iñaki Elío

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
Interests: nutrition and metabolism; clinical nutrition; dietetics; diet therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Nutrition (food) is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, broken down by enzymes in the digestive system, and the body uses these to store them in the liver, muscle tissues, or body fat.

Metabolic disorders are caused by deficiencies or excesses of the nutrients altering our healthy state, deficiencies of enzymes necessary to a specific chemical reaction, abnormal chemical reactions that make metabolic processes difficult, and organ diseases in the liver, pancreas, or endocrine glands. 

The most common metabolic diseases are the two types of diabetes. The cause of Type 1 is unknown, and Type 2 can be acquired or potentially triggered by genetic factors. Prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension are the principal pathologies that are related to overweight and obesity, especially with abdominal fat distribution. 

Glucose–galactose malabsorption, which creates a defect in transporting glucose and galactose through the stomach lining, causes severe diarrhea, with it being necessary to remove lactose, sucrose, and glucose from the diet. Phenylketonuria (PKU), caused by the inability to produce the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, causes organ damage and mental retardation, and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) disrupts the metabolism of certain amino acids, causing the degeneration of neurons. 

Papers addressing these topics are invited for this Special Issue, especially those combining the relation of diet and nutrition in the prevention or the treatment of metabolic disorders.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Nutrients.

Prof. Dr. Iñaki Elío
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • overweight
  • metabolic syndrome
  • prediabetes
  • diabetes
  • bariatric surgery
  • dyslipidemia
  • eating behavior
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver
  • phenylketonuria
  • maple syrup urine disease
  • glucose-galactose malabsorption
  • homocystinuria
  • urea cycle disorder

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 533 KiB  
Article
Relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiovascular Health among Children
by Ana Isabel Mora-Urda, Francisco Javier Martín-Almena and María del Pilar Montero López
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15706; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315706 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 10475
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and cardiovascular health indicators in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 365 schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 from the Region of Madrid. Anthropometric and [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and cardiovascular health indicators in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 365 schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 from the Region of Madrid. Anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements were collected. Variables relating to habits and lifestyles, parental level of education, and data on their diet, through three 24 h food recall surveys, were also collected. The diet quality indicators considered are the DII based on 25 nutrients and the KIDMED index. Results: Children with a more pro-inflammatory diet came from families with lower levels of parental education (p < 0.05). Predictive models show that in the group with a more pro-inflammatory diet (>P50), the likelihood of developing hypertension in childhood is 2.1 times higher (OR = 2.085 (1.107–3.927)) and they have more than twice the risk of developing obesity (OR = 2.3) or developing obesity and hypertension simultaneously (OR = 1.290 (1.316–3.985)). Furthermore, predictive models showed that the children with a pro-inflammatory diet (>P50) had higher values for BFM% (β = 1.957; p = 0.026) and BMI (β = 0.015; p = 0.012) than children with a lower inflammatory diet (<P50). Conclusions: Higher values on the DII are related to poorer nutritional status and cardiovascular health in childhood. Thus, a pro-inflammatory diet is also associated with a lower socio-economic level and poorer diet quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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17 pages, 544 KiB  
Article
Changes in Eating Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown and the Impact on the Potential Inflammatory Effects of Diet
by María del Pilar Montero López, Ana Isabel Mora Urda, Francisco Javier Martín Almena and Oscar Geovanny Enríquez-Martínez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9079; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19159079 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1411
Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study compares eating behaviors before and during the COVID-19 lockdown that was decreed in Spain on 14 March 2020. Methods: The sample was made up of 1177 people aged 18 years or older who responded during the month of June [...] Read more.
Background: This cross-sectional study compares eating behaviors before and during the COVID-19 lockdown that was decreed in Spain on 14 March 2020. Methods: The sample was made up of 1177 people aged 18 years or older who responded during the month of June 2020 to a questionnaire designed in Google Forms. Information was collected on the frequency of food consumption before and during lockdown. A dietary inflammatory index (DII) was created with positive or negative values depending on the inflammatory potential of different foods, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, meat, fish, eggs, yogurt, milk, cheese, industrial pastries, salty snacks, fast food, and soft drinks. The scores from before and during confinement were compared. Results: Most of the people in the sample maintained their eating pattern during lockdown. Among those who changed, the majority increased their consumption of healthy foods, which resulted in a decrease in the inflammatory potential of the diet; this was particularly the case in men. Conclusions: The improvement in the quality of the diet contributed to a significant decrease in DII during confinement, especially in men. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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16 pages, 568 KiB  
Article
The Regular Consumption of Nuts Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain
by Gloria Cubas-Basterrechea, Iñaki Elío, Sandra Sumalla-Cano, Silvia Aparicio-Obregón, Carolina Teresa González-Antón and Pedro Muñoz-Cacho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1256; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031256 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5182
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to relate the adherence to nut consumption (30 g) three or more days per week to the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: The [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to relate the adherence to nut consumption (30 g) three or more days per week to the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: The study consists of an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted in 556 non-institutionalised individuals between 65 and 79 years of age. To define the consumption recommendation of nuts the indication of the questionnaire MEDAS-14 was followed. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: In 264 subjects aged 71.9 (SD: ±4.2) years old, 39% of whom were men, the adherence to nut consumption recommendations was 40.2%. Of these individuals, 79.5% had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, being 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). A nut consumption lower than recommended was associated with a 19% higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (Prevalence Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03−1.37; p < 0.05) and a 61% higher prevalence of MetS (Prevalence Ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16−2.25; p = 0.005) compared to a consumption of ≥3 servings per week. Conclusion: An inverse relationship was established between nut consumption and the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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30 pages, 5411 KiB  
Article
Partial Replacement of Dietary Fat with Krill Oil or Coconut Oil Alleviates Dyslipidemia by Partly Modulating Lipid Metabolism in Lipopolysaccharide-Injected Rats on a High-Fat Diet
by Hee-Kyoung Son, Bok-Hee Kim, Jisu Lee, Seohyun Park, Chung-Bae Oh, Sunyoon Jung, Jennifer K. Lee and Jung-Heun Ha
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 843; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19020843 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2608
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of partial replacement of dietary fat with krill oil (KO) or coconut oil (CO) on dyslipidemia and lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: HFD, [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of partial replacement of dietary fat with krill oil (KO) or coconut oil (CO) on dyslipidemia and lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: HFD, HFD + KO, and HFD + CO. The rats were fed each diet for 10 weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg). The KO- and CO-fed rats exhibited lower levels of serum lipids and aspartate aminotransferases than those of the HFD-fed rats. Rats fed with HFD + KO displayed significantly lower hepatic histological scores and hepatic triglyceride (TG) content than rats fed with HFD. The KO supplementation also downregulated the adipogenic gene expression in the liver. When treated with LPS, the HFD + KO and HFD + CO groups reduced the adipocyte size in the epididymal white adipose tissues (EAT) relative to the HFD group. These results suggest that KO and CO could improve lipid metabolism dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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