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Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
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Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 9235

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hisao Imai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
Interests: thoracic oncology; lung cancer; immunotherapy; chemotherapy; medical oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many patients die from cancer, but with the recent advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, some patients have shown dramatic therapeutic effects.

Although the treatment of cancer has become complicated due to the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the prognosis of patients has been prolonged, and treatment is improving day by day. We have decided to launch a Special Issue at this time on “Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy”.

This Special Issue will highlight and summarize the current knowledge concerning “Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy”, covering both basic and (pre)clinical aspects. Potential studies may include assessment of “Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy”. For this Special Issue, we invite investigators to contribute original articles as well as review articles that will describe and help in understanding the current and potential challenges surrounding this topic.

Dr. Hisao Imai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune checkpoint inhibitor
  • immunotherapy
  • cancer therapy
  • cancer immunotherapy
  • immune-related adverse events

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
by Hisao Imai, Kyoichi Kaira and Hiroshi Kagamu
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(18), 5392; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11185392 - 14 Sep 2022
Viewed by 894
Abstract
The human body has an inherent immune surveillance mechanism that eliminates cancer cells and suppresses the development of cancer [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy)

Research

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13 pages, 953 KiB  
Article
Effect of Systemic Steroid Use for Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving PD-1 Blockade Drugs
by Atsuto Mouri, Kyoichi Kaira, Ou Yamaguchi, Kousuke Hashimoto, Yu Miura, Ayako Shiono, Shun Shinomiya, Hisao Imai, Kunihiko Kobayashi and Hiroshi Kagamu
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3744; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10163744 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2276
Abstract
Objectives: Programmed death-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibodies have clinical benefits for cancer patients facing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, the effect of steroid use on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving PD-1 blockade remains unclear. Methods: NSCLC patients [...] Read more.
Objectives: Programmed death-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibodies have clinical benefits for cancer patients facing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, the effect of steroid use on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving PD-1 blockade remains unclear. Methods: NSCLC patients with complete response (CR)/partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD)/not evaluable (NE) status plus progression-free survival (PFS) of 180 days after PD-1 blockade from December 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively registered in our study and were divided into two groups: those with and without systemic steroid use for irAEs. Results: In total, 126 patients who had benefitted from PD-1 blockade were enrolled in our study; among them, 44 received systemic steroids for irAEs, and 82 had no adverse events or, if they did, did not receive systemic steroids. Among the 44 patients requiring steroids, interstitial lung disease (ILD), adrenal insufficiency, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction were observed in 19, 9, 4, and 4 patients, respectively. More side effects were observed in the group treated by steroids. The median PFS and overall survival (OS) in patients with and without systemic steroid use were 11.7 and 16.0 months (p < 0.037) and 35.0 and 41.0 months (p < 0.28), respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses of survival, systemic steroid treatment for irAEs was significantly associated with PFS. The occurrence of ILD, adrenal insufficiency, and fever was significant in patients who used systemic steroids for irAEs. Conclusions: Patients administered systemic steroids for irAEs due to PD-1 blockade treatment exhibited shorter PFS than those who were not. Systemic steroids might affect survival after PD-1 blockade even for patients who once acquired its clinical benefit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy)
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Review

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17 pages, 362 KiB  
Review
Predictive Markers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Ryota Ushio, Shuji Murakami and Haruhiro Saito
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 1855; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11071855 - 27 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2875
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically improved the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients and have increased the possibility of long-term survival. However, few patients benefit from ICIs, and no predictive biomarkers other than tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically improved the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients and have increased the possibility of long-term survival. However, few patients benefit from ICIs, and no predictive biomarkers other than tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression have been established. Hence, the identification of biomarkers is an urgent issue. This review outlines the current understanding of predictive markers for the efficacy of ICIs, including PD-L1, tumor mutation burden, DNA mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, human leukocyte antigen class I, tumor/specific genotype, and blood biomarkers such as peripheral T-cell phenotype, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-8. A tremendous number of biomarkers are in development, but individual biomarkers are insufficient. Tissue biomarkers have issues in reproducibility and accuracy because of intratumoral heterogeneity and biopsy invasiveness. Furthermore, blood biomarkers have difficulty in reflecting the tumor microenvironment and therefore tend to be less predictive for the efficacy of ICIs than tissue samples. In addition to individual biomarkers, the development of composite markers, including novel technologies such as machine learning and high-throughput analysis, may make it easier to comprehensively analyze multiple biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy)
16 pages, 2011 KiB  
Review
A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of First-Line Treatments for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with High Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression
by Jung Han Kim, Soo Young Jeong, Jae-Jun Lee, Sung Taek Park and Hyeong Su Kim
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1492; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11061492 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2431
Abstract
We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to suggest frontline treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showing high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. A total of 5237 patients from 22 studies were included. In terms of progression-free survival, immune checkpoint inhibitors [...] Read more.
We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to suggest frontline treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showing high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. A total of 5237 patients from 22 studies were included. In terms of progression-free survival, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value (98.1%), followed by ICI plus chemotherapy (82.9%). In terms of overall survival (OS), dual immunotherapy plus chemotherapy had the highest SUCRA value (79.1%), followed by ICI plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (73.4%). However, there was no significant difference in survival outcomes among treatment regimens combined with immunotherapy. Moreover, ICI plus chemotherapy failed to reveal a significant OS superiority to ICI monotherapy (hazard ratio = 0.978, 95% credible internal: 0.771–1.259). In conclusion, this NMA indicates that ICI plus chemotherapy with/without bevacizumab might to be the best options in terms of OS for advanced NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression. However, considering that there was no significant difference in survival outcomes among treatment regimens incorporating immunotherapy and that ICI plus chemotherapy failed to show significant survival benefits over ICI monotherapy, ICI monotherapy may be reasonable as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy)
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