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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 24984

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Prof. Dr. Yury Zaikov

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Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: thermodynamics of alloys and molten salts; kinetics of electrode processes; molten salt electrolysis; hydrogen energy; pyrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuel, molten salt reactors
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Dr. Pavel Arkhipov

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Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: thermodynamics and kinetics of metallic melts and alloys; antimony, bismuth, lead and aluminium containing systems; new technologies and devices for high-purity metals production
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Dr. Dmitry Medvedev

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Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: electrochemistry; energy conversion technology; hydrogen production; electrochemical analysis; solid state chemistry and electrochemistry; solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs); protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs); protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs); reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs); sensors; energy conversion; steam electrolysis; proton transportation; chemical engineering, synthesis and characterization of solid oxide materials with different nature of conductivity (ionic, electronic, mixed) for energy conversion technologies; design and fabrication of solid oxide electrochemical cells (fuel cells, electrolysis cells, sensors, pumps, converters, membrane reactors)
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Dr. Oksana Rakhmanova

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Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: lithium-ion batteries; graphene; silicene; computer experiment; molecular dynamics; membranes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, the chemistry and electrochemistry of molten salts and solid oxide materials are of paramount importance due to their possible application for various purposes, including hydrogen and atomic energy. Revealing deep relationships between composition, structure and functional properties of high-temperature materials by means of theoretical and experimental approaches allows the determination of key factors for the improvement of the capability, performance and efficiency of electrochemical devices with prolonged operation life under aggressive conditions. In this regard, the current Special Issue aims to collect research and review articles dealing with new materials that can be employed for high-temperature electrochemical processes.

The Special Issue of Materials titled «Electrochemical Energy Materials» is devoted to the study of the following aspects:

modeling of properties and structures of molten media, solid oxide materials and corresponding electrochemical devices;
kinetics and thermodynamics of electrode processes as well as interface phenomena;
materials for pyrochemical technologies and spent nuclear fuel recycling;
production of metals and alloys by electrolysis of fluoride, chloride and oxide melts;
promising functional materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs).

Prof. Dr. Yury Zaikov
Dr. Pavel Arkhipov
Dr. Dmitry Medvedev
Dr. Oksana Rakhmanova
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

thermodynamics
kinetics
molten salts
solid state electrolyte
electrolytic refining
electrochemical devices
electrochemical system
computer simulation
SOFCs
SOECs

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corrosion Behavior of Candidate Functional Materials for Molten Salts Reactors in LiF–NaF–KF Containing Actinide Fluoride Imitators

by Eduard Karfidov, Evgueniya Nikitina, Maxim Erzhenkov, Konstantin Seliverstov, Pavel Chernenky, Albert Mullabaev, Vladimir Tsvetov, Peter Mushnikov, Kirill Karimov, Natalia Molchanova and Alexandra Kuznetsova

Materials 2022, 15(3), 761; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15030761 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2275

Abstract

Molten fluorides of alkali metals are considered a technological medium for molten salt reactors (MSRs). However, these media are known to be extremely corrosive. The successful implementation of high-temperature technological devices using molten alkali metal fluorides requires the selection of such structural materials that have high corrosion resistance in melts with compositional characteristic of MSRs. In this research, the corrosion behavior of 12Cr18Ni10Ti steel, the alloy Ni60Cr20Mo15, and the alloy Monel 404 (Ni50Cu50) was investigated in the LiF–NaF–KF eutectic melt, containing additions of CeF₃ and NdF₃ from 0 to 5 wt.% as imitator fluorides of actinides in an inert argon atmosphere at 550 °C for 100 h. Gravimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis of surfaces and cross-section of samples, and ICP-MS were used to establish the corrosion behavior of the investigated alloys. Corrosion resistance of the studied materials was found to decrease in a row from Monel 404 > Hastelloy C2000 > 12Cr18Ni10Ti. The addition of cerium fluoride into the melt resulted in the additional etching of the alloy surface. The addition of neodymium fluoride resulted in the formation of the point/inter-crystalline corrosion damages in the sample bulk. The samples of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti were subjected to local cracking corrosion. The austenitic nickel-based alloys suffered specific local corrosion with formation of subsurface voids. Excellent corrosion resistance of the Monel alloy under the test conditions was found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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19 pages, 5928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanism of Dy³⁺ and Nd³⁺ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Fe³⁺ Ions in Chloride Melts

by Khasbi Kushkhov, Zhubagi Ali, Astemir Khotov and Anna Kholkina

Materials 2021, 14(23), 7440; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14237440 - 04 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1545

Abstract

The present paper is devoted to the study of the processes of the mechanism of electrochemical coreduction of Dy³⁺ and Nd³⁺ ions with Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 973 K and characterization of the synthesized samples. The performed voltammetry analysis of the electrochemical coreduction processes elucidated a significant difference in the values of the extraction potentials of the studied metals. This melt testifies that intermetallic compounds of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe may be synthesized in the kinetic regime. The intermetallic phases of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe are found to be formed along with the phases of metallic Ni, Co, and Fe either during electrolysis at the cathode current densities exceeding the limiting diffusion current of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions or in the potentiostatic regime at the potentials of the corresponding voltammetry curves. Therefore, the following interrelated key parameters affecting the electrochemical synthesis of Dy and Nd intermetallic compounds with Ni, Co, and Fe were determined: (i) composition of the electrolyte, i.e., concentrations of FeCl₃, CoCl₂, NiCl₂, DyCl₃, and NdCl₃; (ii) cathode current density or electrolysis potential and (iii) electrolysis time. The obtained samples were characterized by micro-X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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12 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures

by Pavel Arkhipov and Olga Tkacheva

Materials 2021, 14(23), 7419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14237419 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1760

Abstract

A new way to reduce the energy consumption during the operation of powerful aluminum reduction cells is suggested via reducing the resistance of the electrolyte, i.e., increasing its electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF₃-CaF₂-Al₂O₃ with cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.1–3.0 and content of CaF₂ and Al₂O₃, up to 8 wt%, was measured at the temperatures from liquidus to 1300 K. Based on the experimental results, a multifunctional equation for the electrical conductivity of oxide-fluoride cryolite melts was evaluated. The experimental and calculated values of the electrical conductivity agree within 1.5%. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity of the NaF-AlF₃-CaF₂-Al₂O₃ melts was estimated. The activation energy of electrical conductivity for molten NaF-AlF₃ mixtures with CR 3.0 and 2.1, determined by the most mobile cations Na⁺, increased from 15.8 kJ/mol up to 18.5 kJ/mol. It was found that CR had a greater impact on the activation energy than the changes in the Al₂O₃ or CaF₂ concentrations. Based on the ratio of the activation energies of the electrical conductivity and the viscous flow, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and viscosity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF₃-CaF₂-Al₂O₃ was illustrated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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15 pages, 38709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Li₃BO₃ Addition on Solid Electrode-Solid Electrolyte Interface in All-Solid-State Batteries

by Evgeniya Il’ina, Svetlana Pershina, Boris Antonov and Alexander Pankratov

Materials 2021, 14(22), 7099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14227099 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2372

Abstract

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries raise the issue of high resistance at the interface between solid electrolyte and electrode materials that needs to be addressed. The article investigates the effect of a low-melting Li₃BO₃ additive introduced into LiCoO₂- and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂-based composite electrodes on the interface resistance with a Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ solid electrolyte. According to DSC analysis, interaction in the studied mixtures with Li₃BO₃ begins at 768 and 725 °C for LiCoO₂ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, respectively. The resistance of half-cells with different contents of Li₃BO₃ additive after heating at 700 and 720 °C was studied by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 25–340 °C. It was established that the introduction of 5 wt% Li₃BO₃ into LiCoO₂ and heat treatment at 720 °C led to the greatest decrease in the interface resistance from 260 to 40 Ω cm² at 300 °C in comparison with pure LiCoO₂. An SEM study demonstrated that the addition of the low-melting component to electrode mass gave better contact with ceramics. It was shown that an increase in the annealing temperature of unmodified cells with Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ led to a decrease in the interface resistance. It was found that the interface resistance between composite anodes and solid electrolyte had lower values compared to Li₄Ti₅O₁₂|Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ half-cells. It was established that the resistance of cells with the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/Li₃BO₃ composite anode annealed at 720 °C decreased from 97.2 (x = 0) to 7.0 kΩ cm² (x = 5 wt% Li₃BO₃) at 150 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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11 pages, 1578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physico-Chemical Properties of NaV₃O₈ Prepared by Solid-State Reaction

by Mariya Shchelkanova, Georgiy Shekhtman, Svetlana Pershina and Emma Vovkotrub

Materials 2021, 14(22), 6976; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226976 - 18 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1827

Abstract

Sodium–vanadium oxide NaV₃O₈ is synthesized via solid-state method and optimum synthesis conditions are chosen based on the data of DSC and TG analysis. The material synthesized is characterized by X-ray phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ratio V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺ in the sample obtained is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conductivity of the material synthesized was measured by impedance spectroscopy, pulse potentiometry and DC method over the range RT–570 °C. It is shown that NaV₃O₈ has rather high conductivity essentially electron in type (6.3 × 10⁻² at room temperature). AC and DC conductivity measurements are performed and cycling of symmetricNaV₃O₈|Na_3.85Zr_1.85Nb_0.15Si₃O₁₂|NaV₃O₈ cell in galvanostatic conditions. Thermal stability is studied across 25–570 °C temperature range. The results obtained are compared with the properties of NaV₃O₈ produced via aqueous solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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15 pages, 4943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lithium-Cation Conductivity of Solid Solutions in Li_6-xZr_2-xA_xO₇ (A = Nb, Ta) Systems

by Georgiy Sh. Shekhtman, Anastasia V. Kalashnova and Boris D. Antonov

Materials 2021, 14(22), 6904; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226904 - 16 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1440

Abstract

Li_6-xZr_2-xAxO₇ (A = Nb; Ta) system with 0 < x < 0.30 is synthesized by glycine-nitrate method. Boundaries of solid solutions based on monoclinic Li₆Zr₂O₇ are determined; temperature (200–600 °C) and concentration dependences of conductivity are investigated. It is shown that monoclinic Li₆Zr₂O₇ exhibits better transport properties compared to its triclinic modification. Li_5.8Zr_1.8Nb(Ta)_0.2O₇ solid solutions have a higher lithium-cation conductivity at 300 °C compared to solid electrolytes based on other lithium zirconates due the “open” structure of monoclinic Li₆Zr₂O₇ and a high solubility of the doping cations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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12 pages, 3734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Ab Initio Study of Lithization of Two-Dimensional Silicon–Carbon Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

by Alexander Galashev and Alexey Vorob'ev

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6649; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216649 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1746

Abstract

This work is devoted to a first-principles study of changes in the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of silicene anodes during their lithium filling. Anodes were presented by silicene on carbon substrate and free-standing silicene. The ratio of the amount of lithium to silicon varied in the range from 0.06 to 1.125 for silicene on bilayer graphene and from 0.06 to 2.375 for free-standing silicene. It is shown that the carbon substrate reduces the stability of the silicene sheet. Silicene begins to degrade when the ratio of lithium to silicon (N_Li/N_Si) exceeds ~0.87, and at N_Li/N_Si = 0.938, lithium penetrates into the space between the silicene sheet and the carbon substrate. At certain values of the Li/Si ratio in the silicene sheet, five- and seven-membered rings of Si atoms can be formed on the carbon substrate. The presence of two-layer graphene imparts conductive properties to the anode. These properties can periodically disappear during the adsorption of lithium in the absence of a carbon substrate. Free-standing silicene adsorbed by lithium loses its stability at N_Li/N_Si = 1.375. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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11 pages, 2278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Quasi-Binary Phase Diagram FLiNaK-NdF₃

by Peter Mushnikov, Olga Tkacheva, Vladimir Voronin, Vladimir Shishkin and Yuriy Zaikov

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6428; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216428 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2091

Abstract

The NdF₃ solubility in molten eutectic FLiNaK, which is a conceivable medium for a molten salt reactor (MSR), was determined by the quasi-binary phase diagram FLiNaK-NdF₃. The eutectic mixture FLiNaK was prepared by direct melting of components LiF, NaF and KF·HF. The acidic anhydrous salt (KF·HF) was used instead of the hygroscopic KF. The NdF₃ was sintered by hydrofluorination of Nd₂O₃. The oxygen impurity in the prepared eutectic FLiNaK, determined by an oxygen analyzer LECO OH836, was 0.036 wt.%, whereas the NdF₃ contained 0.04 wt.% of oxygen. A part of the FLiNaK-NdF₃ quasi-binary phase diagram was obtained using two thermal analysis techniques: differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FLiNaK-NdF₃ phase diagram in the region of 0–30 mol.% NdF₃ contains one eutectic at 2 mol.% NdF₃ and 450 °C and two peritectic points: 8 mol.% NdF₃ at 500 °C and 22 mol.% NdF₃ at 575 °C. The region of the FLiNaK-NdF₃ phase diagram below the liquidus line is rather complicated due to the complex structure of the multicomponent system in its molten state, as in its solid state. The NdF₃ solubility in FLiNaK is about 5 mol.% at 490 °C and 29 mol.% at 700 °C; this means that the process of the MA transmutation in the MSR can be carried out in molten FLiNaK with a content of actinides as high as 15–20 mol.% in the temperature range of 550–650 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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12 pages, 1464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of 3D Electrochemical Phase Formation: Mixed Growth Control

by Vladimir A. Isaev, Olga V. Grishenkova, Alexander V. Kosov, Olga L. Semerikova and Yuriy Zaikov

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6330; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216330 - 23 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1725

Abstract

Processes of nucleation and growth largely determine the structure and properties of thin films obtained by electrodeposition on foreign substrates. Theoretical aspects of the initial stages of electrochemical phase formation under constant and variable overpotentials are considered in this work. Simulation of multiple nucleation with mixed (charge transfer, and diffusion) controlled growth was performed for three cases (cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic electrodeposition, and galvanostatic electrodeposition). The influence of the bulk concentration of depositing ions and the exchange current density at the electrolyte/nucleus interface on cyclic voltammograms (CVs), transients of current and overpotential, as well as the number and size of non-interacting new-phase nuclei was analyzed. It is found that, under galvanostatic conditions, the number of nuclei decreases as the concentration of depositing ions increases due to a more rapid decrease in overpotential. The proposed model was applied to determine the diffusion coefficient, exchange current density, and transfer coefficient considering the experimental CV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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12 pages, 5810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous Hetero- and Isovalent Doping as the Strategy for Improving Transport Properties of Proton Conductors Based on BaLaInO₄

by Nataliia Tarasova, Anzhelika Galisheva, Irina Animitsa and Ksenia Belova

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6240; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216240 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1608

Abstract

This work focused on the novel electrochemical energy material with significantly improved electrical properties. The novel complex oxide Ba_1.1La_0.9In_0.5Y_0.5O_3.95 with layered perovskite structure was obtained for the first time. It was proven that the simultaneous introduction of barium and yttrium ions in the structure of BaLaInO₄ leads to the increase in the unit cell volume of up to 4% and water uptake by about three times. The increase in the proton conductivity values was both due to an increase in the proton concentration and their mobility. The sample Ba_1.1La_0.9In_0.5Y_0.5O_3.95 was a nearly pure proton conductor below 400 °C. The co-doping strategy allowed us to increase the protonic conductivity values up to two orders of magnitude and it is the successful method for the design of novel protonic conductors based on the layered perovskites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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11 pages, 1159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Potential-Induced Transformation in the Double Electrical Layer on the Rhenium Electrode in Alkali Chloride Melts

by Ekaterina V. Kirillova and Victor P. Stepanov

Materials 2021, 14(20), 6009; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14206009 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1271

Abstract

Structural transformations in the adsorption layer caused by an electric potential are investigated using the experimental data on the capacitance of a double electric layer for a rhenium electrode in molten sodium, potassium and cesium chlorides at 1093 K. Likening the double electric layer to a flat capacitor, as well as the effective length of the shielding of the electrode charge and changes in the charge sign depending on the applied potential are estimated. It is found that near the minimum potential of the capacitance curve, the shielding length decreases proportionally to the square of the potential due to the deformation of the double layer. The deformation reaches critical values at the potentials of −0.65, −0.38 and −0.40 V for the Re|NaCl, Re|KCl and Re|CsCl systems respectively, and decreases sharply at more positive potentials. The analysis of the dependence of the charge density on the electrode revealed the effect of shielding of potential-induced rhenium cations by salt phase anions. The strong Raman-active Re–Cl stretching mode was observed at 292 cm⁻¹. This can be explained by the transfer of anions across the interface resulting in the formation of ordered layers of ion associations (possibly, ReX_n^{(n − 1)−}) on a positively charged surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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10 pages, 1737 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrochemical Production of Bismuth in the KCl–PbCl₂ Melt

by Pavel Alexandrovich Arkhipov, Yury Pavlovich Zaikov, Yuliya Rinatovna Khalimullina and Stepan Pavlovich Arkhipov

Materials 2021, 14(19), 5653; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14195653 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1509

Abstract

An anode dissolution of binary metallic lead–bismuth alloys with different concentrations of components has been studied in the KCl–PbCl₂ molten eutectic. The dissolution of lead is found to be a basic process for the alloys of Pb–Bi (59.3–40.7), Pb–Bi (32.5–67.5), Pb–Bi (7.0–93.0) compositions in the whole interval of studied anode current densities. A limiting diffusion current of lead dissolution was observed at 2 A/cm² and 0.1 A/cm² for the alloys of Pb–Bi (5.0–95.0) and Pb–Bi (3.0–97.0) compositions, respectively. The dissolution of bismuth takes place at the anode current densities exceeding the mentioned values. The number of electrons participating in the electrode reactions is detected for each mechanism. Based on the theoretical analysis, the experimental electrolysis of bismuth was performed in the laboratory-scale electrolytic cell with a porous ceramic diaphragm. The final product contained pure bismuth with a lead concentration of 3.5 wt.%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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10 pages, 3270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Activation of Porous Pt Electrodes Deposited on YSZ Electrolyte by Nitric Acid Treatment

by Liliya Dunyushkina, Anastasiya Pavlovich and Adelya Khaliullina

Materials 2021, 14(18), 5463; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14185463 - 21 Sep 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2013

Abstract

The effect of nitric acid treatment on the electrochemical performance of porous Pt electrodes deposited on YSZ (abbreviation from yttria stabilized zirconia) electrolyte was investigated. Two identical symmetrical Pt/YSZ/Pt cells with porous Pt electrodes were fabricated, after which the electrodes of the first cell were kept as sintered, while those of the second cell were impregnated with HNO₃ solution. The electrochemical behavior of the prepared electrodes was studied using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Significant reduction of the polarization resistance of the HNO₃-treated electrodes was revealed. The observed enhancement of the electrochemical performance of porous Pt electrodes was assumed to be caused by adsorption of NO_x-species on YSZ and Pt surfaces, which promotes oxygen molecules dissociation and transport to the triple phase boundary by the “relay-race” mechanism. The obtained results allow for considering the nitric acid treatment of a porous Pt electrode as an effective way of electrode activation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Materials)

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