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Pharmaceutics
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Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis
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Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 65231

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dong-Hyun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg, School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Interests: multimodal medical imaging; translational nano cancer therapeutics; MRI contrast agent; nanotechnology; biomaterials; image guided cancer therapy; organic/inorganic/metal nano materials for medicine; cancer treatment; multifunctional nanoplatform; thermo-responsive polymer; magnetic hybrid nanoparticles; targeted drug/contrast agents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Wooram Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
Interests: biomaterials; organic/inorganic hybrid materials, nanoparticles; drug delivery system (DDS); photodynamic therapy (PDT); image-guided local therapy; cancer immunotherapy; tissue engineering; regenerative medicines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Image-guided medicine is rapidly growing to improve treatment regimens as a result of advancing medical imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), radiography, ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), optical fluorescent imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). There are also new types of pharmaceuticals for image-guided cancer therapy and diagnosis. The pharmacy for cancer treatment and diagnosis has great potential to be precise and effective. One of the emerging fields in this regard is image-guided therapy using various nanopharmaceuticals. These include basic bench, preclinical in vitro/in vivo and clinical research combining the synthesis of multimodal nanopharmaceuticals and tracking/navigation tools to improve the accuracy and outcomes of conventional therapeutics. Most emerging interventional techniques such as stimuli-responsive pharmaceuticals for local drug delivery, image-guided local ablation (microwave, electrical field, or HIFU), percutaneous injection for gene//virus/bacteria therapy, transcatheter treatments for tumor-specific local therapy, serial biopsy, thrombolytic therapy and so on can be combined with nanopharmaceuticals in the clinic. The careful design/selection/synthesis of multifunctional imaging/therapeutic nanomaterials with therapeutic agents will be critical for the translational optimization of these new image-guided medicine techniques. The nanopharmaceuticals capable of image-guided therapy also have great potential for immunotherapy, which has received much attention in recent years. Following a bio-inspired approach, the fusion of existing nanomedicine with extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes will enable the development of new types of imaging-capable therapeutics.

      The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect cutting-edge research into image-guided nanopharmaceutical technologies from leading scientists in order to promote new opportunities and perspectives for nanotechnology in human healthcare.  

This Special Issue will cover the following topics, but is not limited to them:

  1. Micro/Nano Pharmaceutics for Multifunctional Imaging and Therapy
  2. New Interventional Approaches using Nanopharmaceuticals
  3. Smart Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
  4. Noble Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Pharmaceutics
  5. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Local Image-Guided Therapy
  6. Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems
  7. Nano Radiosensitizers for Brachytherapy
  8. Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Materials for Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy
  9. Novel Nanopharmaceuticals for Cancer Immunotherapy
  10. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) for Image-Guided Therapy

     Any works concerning nano/micro-pharmaceutics for medical applications, as well as the development of new image-guided approaches for the effective treatment of diseases, will be within the scope of this Special Issue. All submitted papers must present novel results or the advancement of previously published data, and the matter should be addressed with scientific rigor.

Prof. Dong-Hyun Kim
Prof. Wooram Park
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Image-Guided Therapy
  • Theranostics
  • Multimodal Medical Imaging
  • Translational Cancer Nanomedcine
  • Medical Imaging Contrast Agents
  • Nanotechnology
  • Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Medicine
  • Multifunctional Carriers
  • Magnetic Nanoparticles
  • Targeted Local Immunotherapy
  • Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
  • Photothermal Therapy (PTT)
  • Cancer Immunotherapy
  • Cancer Vaccine
  • Precision Medicine
  • Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)
  • Exosomes

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 6468 KiB  
Article
Glioblastoma-Derived Exosomes as Nanopharmaceutics for Improved Glioma Treatment
by Hyeji Lee, Kanghye Bae, Ah-Rum Baek, Eun-Bin Kwon, Yeoun-Hee Kim, Sung-Wook Nam, Gang Ho Lee and Yongmin Chang
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(5), 1002; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051002 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3771
Abstract
The use of cancer-derived exosomes has been studied in several cancer types, but the cancer-targeting efficacy of glioma-derived exosomes has not been investigated in depth for malignant glioblastoma (GBM) cells. In this study, exosomes were derived from U87MG human glioblastoma cells, and selumetinib, [...] Read more.
The use of cancer-derived exosomes has been studied in several cancer types, but the cancer-targeting efficacy of glioma-derived exosomes has not been investigated in depth for malignant glioblastoma (GBM) cells. In this study, exosomes were derived from U87MG human glioblastoma cells, and selumetinib, a new anticancer drug, was loaded into the exosomes. We observed the tropism of GBM-derived exosomes in vitro and in vivo. We found that the tropism of GBM-derived exosomes is in contrast to the behavior of non-exosome-enveloped drugs and non-GBM-specific exosomes in vitro and in vivo in an animal GBM model. We found that the tropism exhibited by GBM-derived exosomes can be utilized to shuttle selumetinib, with no specific targeting moiety, to GBM tumor sites. Therefore, our findings indicated that GBM-derived exosomes loaded with selumetinib had a specific antitumor effect on U87MG cells and were non-toxic to normal brain cells. These exosomes offer improved therapeutic prospects for glioblastoma therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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21 pages, 3962 KiB  
Article
Rapid Target Binding and Cargo Release of Activatable Liposomes Bearing HER2 and FAP Single-Chain Antibody Fragments Reveal Potentials for Image-Guided Delivery to Tumors
by Felista L. Tansi, Ronny Rüger, Claudia Böhm, Frank Steiniger, Martin Raasch, Alexander S. Mosig, Roland E. Kontermann, Ulf K. Teichgräber, Alfred Fahr and Ingrid Hilger
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(10), 972; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100972 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
Liposomes represent suitable tools for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancers. To study the role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as target in cancer imaging and image-guided deliveries, liposomes were encapsulated with an intrinsically [...] Read more.
Liposomes represent suitable tools for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancers. To study the role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as target in cancer imaging and image-guided deliveries, liposomes were encapsulated with an intrinsically quenched concentration of a near-infrared fluorescent dye in their aqueous interior. This resulted in quenched liposomes (termed LipQ), that were fluorescent exclusively upon degradation, dye release, and activation. The liposomes carried an always-on green fluorescent phospholipid in the lipid layer to enable tracking of intact liposomes. Additionally, they were functionalized with single-chain antibody fragments directed to fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a marker of stromal fibroblasts of most epithelial cancers, and to HER2, whose overexpression in 20–30% of all breast cancers and many other cancer types is associated with a poor treatment outcome and relapse. We show that both monospecific (HER2-IL) and bispecific (Bi-FAP/HER2-IL) formulations are quenched and undergo HER2-dependent rapid uptake and cargo release in cultured target cells and tumor models in mice. Thereby, tumor fluorescence was retained in whole-body NIRF imaging for 32–48 h post-injection. Opposed to cell culture studies, Bi-FAP/HER2-IL-based live confocal microscopy of a high HER2-expressing tumor revealed nuclear delivery of the encapsulated dye. Thus, the liposomes have potentials for image-guided nuclear delivery of therapeutics, and also for intraoperative delineation of tumors, metastasis, and tumor margins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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15 pages, 5275 KiB  
Article
mTHPC-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Significantly Improve mTHPC Diffusion and Photodynamic Activity in Preclinical Models
by Marie Millard, Solène Posty, Max Piffoux, Jordane Jasniewski, Henri-Pierre Lassalle, Ilya Yakavets, Florence Gazeau, Claire Wilhelm, Amanda K. A. Silva and Lina Bezdetnaya
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(7), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070676 - 17 Jul 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from the cell, display a phospholipid bilayer membrane that protects the cargo molecules from degradation and contributes to increasing their stability in the bloodstream and tumor targeting. EVs are interesting in regard to the delivery of photosensitizers (PSs) used [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from the cell, display a phospholipid bilayer membrane that protects the cargo molecules from degradation and contributes to increasing their stability in the bloodstream and tumor targeting. EVs are interesting in regard to the delivery of photosensitizers (PSs) used in the photodynamic therapy (PDT), as they allow us to overcome the limitations observed with liposomes. In fact, liposomal formulation of meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (Foslip®), one of the most potent clinically approved PSs, is rapidly destroyed in circulation, thus decreasing in vivo PDT efficacy. mTHPC-EV uptake was evaluated in vitro in a 3D human colon HT-29 microtumor and in vivo study was performed in HT-29 xenografted mice. The obtained data were compared with Foslip®. After intravenous injection of the mTHPC formulations, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and PDT-induced tumor regrowth were evaluated. In a 3D model of cells, mTHPC-EV uptake featured a deeper penetration after 24h incubation compared to liposomal mTHPC. In vivo results showed a considerable improvement of 33% tumor cure with PDT treatment applied 24h after injection, while 0% was observed after Foslip®/PDT. Moreover, 47 days were required to obtain ten times the initial tumor volume after mTHPC-EVs/PDT compared to 30 days for liposomal mTHPC. In conclusion, compared to Foslip®, mTHPC-EVs improved mTHPC biodistribution and PDT efficacy in vivo. We deduced that a major determinant factor for the improved in vivo PDT efficacy is the deep mTHPC intratumor penetration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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13 pages, 2438 KiB  
Article
Metallic Stent Mesh Coated with Silver Nanoparticles Suppresses Stent-Induced Tissue Hyperplasia and Biliary Sludge in the Rabbit Extrahepatic Bile Duct
by Wooram Park, Kun Yung Kim, Jeon Min Kang, Dae Sung Ryu, Dong-Hyun Kim, Ho-Young Song, Seong-Hun Kim, Seung Ok Lee and Jung-Hoon Park
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(6), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060563 - 17 Jun 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5234
Abstract
Recent therapeutic strategies to suppress restenosis after biliary stent placement are insufficient. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS), a stent mesh coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for suppression of both stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biliary sludge formation in [...] Read more.
Recent therapeutic strategies to suppress restenosis after biliary stent placement are insufficient. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS), a stent mesh coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for suppression of both stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biliary sludge formation in the rabbit bile duct. The AgNP-coated SEMSs were prepared using a simple bio-inspired surface modification process. Then, the prepared SEMSs were successfully placed in 22 of 24 rabbits. Sludge formation in the AgNP-coated SEMS groups was significantly decreased compared to the control group on gross findings. Cholangiographic and histologic examinations demonstrated significantly decreased tissue hyperplasia in the AgNP-coated SEMS groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05 for all). There were no differences between the AgNP-coated SEMS groups (p > 0.05 for all). However, in the group coated with the greatest concentration of AgNPs (Group D), submucosal fibrosis was thicker than in the other AgNP-coated groups (p < 0.05 for all). The AgNP-coated metallic stent mesh significantly suppressed stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biliary sludge formation in the rabbit bile duct. Taken together, the AgNP coating strategy developed in this study could be widely utilized in non-vascular medical devices for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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19 pages, 11233 KiB  
Article
Effect of Gold Nanoparticle on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Experimental Oral Mucositis in Hamsters
by Carmem Jane Ferreira Vilar, Susana Barbosa Ribeiro, Aurigena Antunes de Araújo, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra, Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior, Gerly Anne de Castro Brito, Renata Ferreira Carvalho Leitão, Daniel de Lima Pontes, Luiz Henrique Da Silva Gasparotto, Maisie Mitchele Barbosa Oliveira, Anderson Dias Viana, Wendy Marina Toscano Queiroz de Medeiros, Breno Gustavo Porfírio Bezerra and Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(4), 304; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040304 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3247
Abstract
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe inflammation of the oral mucosal cells associated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced toxicity, resulting in epithelial ulcers and higher risk of death from sepsis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nanoparticle (AuNp) effect [...] Read more.
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe inflammation of the oral mucosal cells associated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced toxicity, resulting in epithelial ulcers and higher risk of death from sepsis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nanoparticle (AuNp) effect on OM induced in hamsters. Materials and methods: 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was used on the first and second day of the experimental model in Golden sirian hamsters, and on the fourth day, mechanical trauma was applied to induce OM. The animals were divided into groups, i.e., polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), mechanical trauma (MT), 5FU, and groups treated with gold nanoparticles (AuNps) (62.5, 125, and 250 μg/kg). On the 10th day, animals were euthanized for macroscopic, histopathological, immunohistochemical, western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and AuNp quantification. Results: AuNp (250 μg/kg) reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, NF-κB, TGF-β, and SMAD 2/3; increased glutathione levels; decreased the expression of Kelch ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1); and induced heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) and NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) genes. Conclusions: AuNp (250 μg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced OM in hamsters and improved the parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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13 pages, 2260 KiB  
Article
Biomimetic Magnetic Nanocarriers Drive Choline Kinase Alpha Inhibitor inside Cancer Cells for Combined Chemo-Hyperthermia Therapy
by Ylenia Jabalera, Alberto Sola-Leyva, Ana Peigneux, Federica Vurro, Guillermo R. Iglesias, Jesus Vilchez-Garcia, Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto, Francisco J. Aguilar-Troyano, Luisa C. López-Cara, María P. Carrasco-Jiménez and Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez
Pharmaceutics 2019, 11(8), 408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics11080408 - 12 Aug 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4480
Abstract
Choline kinase α1 (ChoKα1) has become an excellent antitumor target. Among all the inhibitors synthetized, the new compound Ff35 shows an excellent capacity to inhibit ChoKα1 activity. However, soluble Ff35 is also capable of inhibiting choline uptake, making the inhibitor not selective for [...] Read more.
Choline kinase α1 (ChoKα1) has become an excellent antitumor target. Among all the inhibitors synthetized, the new compound Ff35 shows an excellent capacity to inhibit ChoKα1 activity. However, soluble Ff35 is also capable of inhibiting choline uptake, making the inhibitor not selective for ChoKα1. In this study, we designed a new protocol with the aim of disentangling whether the Ff35 biological action is due to the inhibition of the enzyme and/or to the choline uptake. Moreover, we offer an alternative to avoid the inhibition of choline uptake caused by Ff35, since the coupling of Ff35 to novel biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) allows it to enter the cell through endocytosis without interacting with the choline transporter. This opens the possibility of a clinical use of Ff35. Our results indicate that Ff35-BMNPs nanoassemblies increase the selectivity of Ff35 and have an antiproliferative effect. Also, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the tandem Ff35-BMNPs and hyperthermia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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19 pages, 3747 KiB  
Article
Oxaliplatin–Biomimetic Magnetic Nanoparticle Assemblies for Colon Cancer-Targeted Chemotherapy: An In Vitro Study
by Ylenia Jabalera, Beatriz Garcia-Pinel, Raul Ortiz, Guillermo Iglesias, Laura Cabeza, José Prados, Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez and Consolación Melguizo
Pharmaceutics 2019, 11(8), 395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics11080395 - 06 Aug 2019
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4780
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the world, includes oxaliplatin (Oxa) which induces serious unwanted side effects that limit the efficiency of treatment. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this work, biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) [...] Read more.
Conventional chemotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the world, includes oxaliplatin (Oxa) which induces serious unwanted side effects that limit the efficiency of treatment. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this work, biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) mediated by MamC were coupled to Oxa to evaluate the potential of the Oxa–BMNP nanoassembly for directed local delivery of the drug as a proof of concept for the future development of targeted chemotherapy against CRC. Electrostatic interactions between Oxa and BMNPs trigger the formation of the nanoassembly and keep it stable at physiological pH. When the BMNPs become neutral at acidic pH values, the Oxa is released, and such a release is greatly potentiated by hyperthermia. The coupling of the drug with the BMNPs improves its toxicity to even higher levels than the soluble drug, probably because of the fast internalization of the nanoassembly by tumor cells through endocytosis. In addition, the BMNPs are cytocompatible and non-hemolytic, providing positive feedback as a proof of concept for the nanoassembly. Our study clearly demonstrates the applicability of Oxa–BMNP in colon cancer and offers a promising nanoassembly for targeted chemotherapy against this type of tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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Review

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38 pages, 18250 KiB  
Review
Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Based on Nanomaterials
by Natalia Krasteva and Milena Georgieva
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(6), 1213; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061213 - 07 Jun 2022
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4084
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem responsible for 10% of all cancer incidences and 9.4% of all cancer deaths worldwide. The number of new cases increases per annum, whereas the lack of effective therapies highlights the need for novel therapeutic approaches. [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem responsible for 10% of all cancer incidences and 9.4% of all cancer deaths worldwide. The number of new cases increases per annum, whereas the lack of effective therapies highlights the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Conventional treatment methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are widely applied in oncology practice. Their therapeutic success is little, and therefore, the search for novel technologies is ongoing. Many efforts have focused recently on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Nanoparticles are among them. They are uniquewith their properties on a nanoscale and hold the potential to exploit intrinsic metabolic differences between cancer and healthy cells. This feature allows them to induce high levels of toxicity in cancer cells with little damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. Graphene oxide is a promising 2D material found to play an important role in cancer treatments through several strategies: direct killing and chemosensitization, drug and gene delivery, and phototherapy. Several new treatment approaches based on nanoparticles, particularly graphene oxide, are currently under research in clinical trials, and some have already been approved. Here, we provide an update on the recent advances in nanomaterials-based CRC-targeted therapy, with special attention to graphene oxide nanomaterials. We summarise the epidemiology, carcinogenesis, stages of the CRCs, and current nanomaterials-based therapeutic approaches for its treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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15 pages, 2180 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanotubes-Based Assays for Cancer Detection and Screening
by Cristina Bura, Teodora Mocan, Cristiana Grapa and Lucian Mocan
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(4), 781; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040781 - 03 Apr 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were considered a potential cargo for cancer therapy and diagnosis following researchers’ shared goal of finding a new delivery system to enhance the pharmacological performance of the administered drugs. To date, several excellent reviews have focused on the role of [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were considered a potential cargo for cancer therapy and diagnosis following researchers’ shared goal of finding a new delivery system to enhance the pharmacological performance of the administered drugs. To date, several excellent reviews have focused on the role of CNTs as drug delivery systems, although there is currently no existing study that gathers all the advances in research-connected carbon nanotubes-based assay development for the early detection of cancer. In this review article, we will focus on the emerging role of CNTs as anticancer detection agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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14 pages, 1566 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances to Augment NK Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using Nanoparticles
by Kwang-Soo Kim, Dong-Hwan Kim and Dong-Hyun Kim
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(4), 525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040525 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4621
Abstract
Among various immunotherapies, natural killer (NK) cell cancer immunotherapy using adoptive transfer of NK cells takes a unique position by targeting tumor cells that evade the host immune surveillance. As the first-line innate effector cell, it has been revealed that NK cells have [...] Read more.
Among various immunotherapies, natural killer (NK) cell cancer immunotherapy using adoptive transfer of NK cells takes a unique position by targeting tumor cells that evade the host immune surveillance. As the first-line innate effector cell, it has been revealed that NK cells have distinct mechanisms to both eliminate cancer cells directly and amplify the anticancer immune system. Over the last 40 years, NK cell cancer immunotherapy has shown encouraging reports in pre-clinic and clinic settings. In total, 288 clinical trials are investigating various NK cell immunotherapies to treat hematologic and solid malignancies in 2021. However, the clinical outcomes are unsatisfying, with remained challenges. The major limitation is attributed to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), low activity of NK cells, inadequate homing of NK cells, and limited contact frequency of NK cells with tumor cells. Innovative strategies to promote the cytolytic activity, durable persistence, activation, and tumor-infiltration of NK cells are required to advance NK cell cancer immunotherapy. As maturing nanotechnology and nanomedicine for clinical applications, there is a greater opportunity to augment NK cell therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of cancers. Active molecules/cytokine delivery, imaging, and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are well equipped to overcome the challenges of NK cell cancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss recent clinical trials of NK cell cancer immunotherapy, NK cell cancer immunotherapy challenges, and advances of nanoparticle-mediated NK cell therapeutic efficacy augmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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18 pages, 3760 KiB  
Review
Combining Chemistry and Engineering for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Nano-Scale and Smaller Therapies
by Danielle L. Stolley, Anna Colleen Crouch, Aliçan Özkan, Erin H. Seeley, Elizabeth M. Whitley, Marissa Nichole Rylander and Erik N. K. Cressman
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(12), 1243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121243 - 20 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2961
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a major worldwide cause of death from carcinoma. Most patients are not candidates for surgery and medical therapies, including new immunotherapies, have not shown major improvements since the modest benefit seen with the introduction of [...] Read more.
Primary liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a major worldwide cause of death from carcinoma. Most patients are not candidates for surgery and medical therapies, including new immunotherapies, have not shown major improvements since the modest benefit seen with the introduction of sorafenib over a decade ago. Locoregional therapies for intermediate stage disease are not curative but provide some benefit. However, upon close scrutiny, there is still residual disease in most cases. We review the current status for treatment of intermediate stage disease, summarize the literature on correlative histopathology, and discuss emerging methods at micro-, nano-, and pico-scales to improve therapy. These include transarterial hyperthermia methods and thermoembolization, along with microfluidics model systems and new applications of mass spectrometry imaging for label-free analysis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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22 pages, 12367 KiB  
Review
State of the Art Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Theragnosis
by Moon Sung Kang, So Yun Lee, Ki Su Kim and Dong-Wook Han
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(8), 701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080701 - 25 Jul 2020
Cited by 93 | Viewed by 5578
Abstract
Research on cancer theragnosis with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has rapidly increased, as AuNPs have many useful characteristics for various biomedical applications, such as biocompatibility, tunable optical properties, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), photothermal properties, and surface enhanced Raman [...] Read more.
Research on cancer theragnosis with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has rapidly increased, as AuNPs have many useful characteristics for various biomedical applications, such as biocompatibility, tunable optical properties, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), photothermal properties, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). AuNPs have been widely utilized in cancer theragnosis, including phototherapy and photoimaging, owing to their enhanced solubility, stability, biofunctionality, cancer targetability, and biocompatibility. In this review, specific characteristics and recent modifications of AuNPs over the past decade are discussed, as well as their application in cancer theragnostics and future perspectives. In the future, AuNP-based cancer theragnosis is expected to facilitate the development of innovative and novel strategies for cancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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28 pages, 2188 KiB  
Review
Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems
by Seyoung Hong, Dong Wook Choi, Hong Nam Kim, Chun Gwon Park, Wonhwa Lee and Hee Ho Park
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(7), 604; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070604 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 259 | Viewed by 17232
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been extensively used as carriers for the delivery of chemicals and biomolecular drugs, such as anticancer drugs and therapeutic proteins. Natural biomolecules, such as proteins, are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers commonly used in nanoparticle formulation because of their safety. [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles have been extensively used as carriers for the delivery of chemicals and biomolecular drugs, such as anticancer drugs and therapeutic proteins. Natural biomolecules, such as proteins, are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers commonly used in nanoparticle formulation because of their safety. In general, protein nanoparticles offer many advantages, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, the preparation of protein nanoparticles and the corresponding encapsulation process involved mild conditions without the use of toxic chemicals or organic solvents. Protein nanoparticles can be generated using proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, gelatin, gliadine, legumin, 30Kc19, lipoprotein, and ferritin proteins, and are prepared through emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods. This review introduces the proteins used and methods used in generating protein nanoparticles and compares the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanopharmaceuticals for Image-Guided Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
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