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Remote Sensing of Changing Mountain Environments

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2020) | Viewed by 10390

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Geography and Regional Science, WG Geospatial Technologies, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: remote sensing; applied geography; geoinformatics; physical geography; UAS applications; image analysis; high mountain regions; urban environments; infrared thermal imaging

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Guest Editor
Institute of Geodesy, WG Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 30, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: photogrammetry; rock glacier monitoring; image analysis; architectural photogrammetry; UAS applications; high mountain regions; infrared thermal imaging; cartography

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Guest Editor
Department of Geography and Regional Science, WG Geospatial Technologies, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: UAS applications; changing landscapes; landform mapping; GIS; high mountain regions

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Global warming is one of the major challenges we are currently facing. It manifests itself in numerous ways, ranging from dramatic consequences in natural and man-made environments to less obvious or even unrecognized environmental changes. By studying surveys of the Earth’s surface and landforms we can detect changes that in some circumstances result from global warming. Monitoring and surveying landforms are possible methods to understand these changes. Often there is also a need for more frequent surveys in order to detect even the smallest changes with higher measurement precision and accuracy. This is facilitated by the constant evolution of technology. In addition, details of the techniques should be taken into account and discussed as these could uncover changes that otherwise would have not been considered. Therefore, and because mountain regions are more sensitive to the effects of global warming than other environments, we are looking for contributions that indicate changes in mountain environments.

With this Special Issue, we aim to raise awareness of changing environments through scientific contributions that examine and discuss landforms in mountain ranges, such as rock glaciers and glaciers. We also want to examine changes less obviously linked to global warming that could potentially be related to an overall change in environmental conditions and may result in natural hazards, such as landslides. In sum, we encourage contributions delivering tailored solutions that demonstrate that remote sensing techniques are the best methods to determine the actual impacts of global warming, which could be the basis for behavioral change.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Sulzer
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Viktor Kaufmann
Dr. Gernot Seier
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Monitoring and change detection of landforms in mountain regions, e.g., rock glaciers, glaciers, etc
  • Natural hazards in mountain regions
  • (Structure-from-Motion) photogrammetry and techniques of image analysis
  • Terrestrial, UAS-based, airborne, and satellite-based surveys
  • Accuracy assessment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7562 KiB  
Article
Optimization of UAV Flight Missions in Steep Terrain
by Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski, Dejan Grigillo and Dušan Petrovič
Remote Sens. 2020, 12(8), 1293; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs12081293 - 19 Apr 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5722
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is one of the most effective methods for capturing a terrain in smaller areas. Capturing a steep terrain is more complex than capturing a flat terrain. To fly a mission in steep rugged terrain, a ground control station [...] Read more.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is one of the most effective methods for capturing a terrain in smaller areas. Capturing a steep terrain is more complex than capturing a flat terrain. To fly a mission in steep rugged terrain, a ground control station with a terrain following mode is required, and a quality digital elevation model (DEM) of the terrain is needed. The methods and results of capturing such terrain were analyzed as part of the Belca rockfall surveys. In addition to the national digital terrain model (NDTM), two customized DEMs were developed to optimize the photogrammetric survey of the steep terrain with oblique images. Flight heights and slant distances between camera projection centers and terrain are analyzed in the article. Some issues were identified and discussed, namely the vertical images in steep slopes and the steady decrease of UAV heights above ground level (AGL) with the increase of height above take-off (ATO) at 6%-8% rate. To compensate for the latter issue, the custom DEMs and NDTM were tilted. Based on our experience, the proposed optimal method for capturing the steep terrain is a combination of vertical and oblique UAV images. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Changing Mountain Environments)
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21 pages, 4086 KiB  
Article
An Unsupervised Method to Detect Rock Glacier Activity by Using Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometric Coherence: A Regional-Scale Study in the Eastern European Alps
by Aldo Bertone, Francesco Zucca, Carlo Marin, Claudia Notarnicola, Giovanni Cuozzo, Karl Krainer, Volkmar Mair, Paolo Riccardi, Mattia Callegari and Roberto Seppi
Remote Sens. 2019, 11(14), 1711; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs11141711 - 19 Jul 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4301
Abstract
Rock glaciers are widespread periglacial landforms in mountain regions like the European Alps. Depending on their ice content, they are characterized by slow downslope displacement due to permafrost creep. These landforms are usually mapped within inventories, but understand their activity is a very [...] Read more.
Rock glaciers are widespread periglacial landforms in mountain regions like the European Alps. Depending on their ice content, they are characterized by slow downslope displacement due to permafrost creep. These landforms are usually mapped within inventories, but understand their activity is a very difficult task, which is frequently accomplished using geomorphological field evidences, direct measurements, or remote sensing approaches. In this work, a powerful method to analyze the rock glaciers’ activity was developed exploiting the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data. In detail, the interferometric coherence estimated from Sentinel-1 data was used as key indicator of displacement, developing an unsupervised classification method to distinguish moving (i.e., characterized by detectable displacement) from no-moving (i.e., without detectable displacement) rock glaciers. The original application of interferometric coherence, estimated here using the rock glacier outlines as boundaries instead of regular kernel windows, allows describing the activity of rock glaciers at a regional-scale. The method was developed and tested over a large mountainous area located in the Eastern European Alps (South Tyrol and western part of Trentino, Italy) and takes into account all the factors that may limit the effectiveness of the coherence in describing the rock glaciers’ activity. The activity status of more than 1600 rock glaciers was classified by our method, identifying more than 290 rock glaciers as moving. The method was validated using an independent set of rock glaciers whose activity is well-known, obtaining an accuracy of 88%. Our method is replicable over any large mountainous area where rock glaciers are already mapped and makes it possible to compensate for the drawbacks of time-consuming and subjective analysis based on geomorphological evidences or other SAR approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Changing Mountain Environments)
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