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Recent Advances in Gravity Waves Seeded by Natural Hazards and Their Effects on the Lower and Upper Atmosphere: Observation and Simulation

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A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2023) | Viewed by 5041

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Olusegun F. Jonah

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Guest Editor

Division of Ionospheric and Atmospheric Remote Sensing, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Interests: using different ground and space based instruments to such as GNSS and other sensors to study the temporal and spatial variation of the global lower and upper atmosphere; conducting research on natura

Dr. Esfhan Alam Kherani

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Guest Editor

Division of Heliophysics, Planetary Science and Aeronomy, National Institute of Space Research (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos 78055-840, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: computational modeling of atmospheric and plasma waves and instabilities; atmospheric and ionospheric seismology; study of traveling atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Yuichi Otsuka

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Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
Interests: ionosphere and upper atmosphere

Dr. Cesar E. Valladares

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Guest Editor

W. B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
Interests: Study of low and mid-latitude plasma instabilities (experimental and modeling investigations); Investigation of TIDs; Studies of polar cap patches and Sun-aligned arcs; TEC evolution at low and mid-latitudes during disturbed magnetic conditions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions are disruptive forces that can endanger human life and properties. These types of solid-earth processes may generate seismic waves that can excite the atmosphere’s Rayleigh, acoustic, and gravity waves. The generated waves can travel vertically upward and dissipate their energy in the earth's upper atmosphere, causing significant plasma density perturbation at ionospheric altitudes. Ocean–atmosphere interactions, e.g., convective activities, tropical depressions, and hurricanes can also produce different classes of wave, such as primary and secondary gravity waves, that can travel to the lower thermosphere. Other events such as anthropogenic explosions have also been reported to excite acoustic and internal gravity waves. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of natural hazard events on the natural atmosphere and the ability to detect, distinguish, and characterize their impact on our upper atmosphere is vital in understanding wave interactions between the lower and upper atmosphere and, ultimately, important for the development of space-based early warning systems for real-time scenarios.

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in detecting and characterizing different waves generated from natural hazards and their effects on the ionosphere. It also seeks to provide state-of-the-art perspectives on strategies to develop earthquake/tsunami early warning systems through the use of modern technological tools such as the deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis system (DART), tide gauge sensors, satellites systems, low-frequency array (LOFAR) and GNSS receivers, incoherent scatter radar (ISR) systems, and magnetometers, as well as develop comprehensive new modeling tools.

Dr. Olusegun F. Jonah
Dr. Esfhan Alam Kherani
Dr. Yuichi Otsuka
Dr. Cesar E. Valladares
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

natural hazards
acoustic and gravity waves
earthquake/tsunami
plasma instability and modeling
GNSS
ionospheric disturbances

Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 4607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ionospheric Disturbances Observed Following the Ridgecrest Earthquake of 4 July 2019 in California, USA

by Saul A. Sanchez, Esfhan A. Kherani, Elvira Astafyeva and Eurico R. de Paula

Remote Sens. 2022, 14(1), 188; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs14010188 - 01 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1896

Abstract

Earthquakes are known to generate disturbances in the ionosphere. Such disturbances, referred to as co-seismic ionospheric disturbances, or ionoquakes, were previously reported for large earthquakes with magnitudes

Mw \geq

6.6. This paper reports ionoquakes associated with the Ridgecrest earthquakes of magnitude [...] Read more.

Mw \geq

6.6. This paper reports ionoquakes associated with the Ridgecrest earthquakes of magnitude

(Mw = 6.4)

, that occurred on 4 July 2019 in California, USA. The ionoquakes manifested in total electron content (TEC) in the form of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) within 1 h from the mainshock onset. These seismic-origin TIDs have unique wave characteristics that distinguish them from TIDs of non-seismic origin arising from a moderate geomagnetic activity on the same day. Moreover, in the space-time domain of the detection of seismic-origin TIDs, TIDs are absent on the day before and day after the earthquake day. Their spectral characteristics relate them to the Earth’s normal modes and atmospheric resonance modes. We found the ground velocity associated with the mainshock, rather than the ground displacement, satisfies the threshold criteria for detectable ionoquakes in TEC measurements. Numerical simulation suggested that the coupled seismo–atmosphere–ionosphere (SAI) dynamics energized by the atmospheric waves are responsible for the generation of ionoquakes. This study’s findings demonstrate the potential of using TEC measurement to detect the ionospheric counterparts of moderate earthquakes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gravity Waves Seeded by Natural Hazards and Their Effects on the Lower and Upper Atmosphere: Observation and Simulation)

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18 pages, 5901 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

The Possible Seismo-Ionospheric Perturbations Recorded by the China-Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

by Zeren Zhima, Rui Yan, Jian Lin, Qiao Wang, Yanyan Yang, Fangxian Lv, Jianping Huang, Jing Cui, Qinqin Liu, Shufan Zhao, Zhenxia Zhang, Song Xu, Dapeng Liu, Wei Chu, Keying Zhu, Xiaoying Sun, Hengxin Lu, Feng Guo, Qiao Tan, Na Zhou, Dehe Yang, He Huang, Jie Wang and Xuhui Shen Show full author list Hide full author list

Remote Sens. 2022, 14(4), 905; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs14040905 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2082

Abstract

Driven by the objective of earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation, China launched the Zhangheng mission to build a stereoscopic earthquake monitoring system from the lithosphere to space. This report briefly presents the possible seismic ionospheric disturbances recorded by the first probe of the Zhangheng mission, which is known as the China-Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). The routine data preprocessing and seismo-ionospheric information analysis methods are briefly introduced. The possible seismo-ionospheric disturbances that appeared during the strong shallow earthquakes (with a magnitude over 7 and a depth shallower than 30 km) are analyzed by using CSES and other multi-source data. Investigating seismo-ionospheric mechanisms requires multidisciplinary knowledge involving geophysics, atmosphere/ionosphere physics, geochemistry/atmospheric chemistry, etc. We state that the results from the CSES scientific application center are preliminary, calling for international scientists to contribute to the seismo-ionospheric perturbation phenomena, which is one of the most challenging scientific problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gravity Waves Seeded by Natural Hazards and Their Effects on the Lower and Upper Atmosphere: Observation and Simulation)

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