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Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ
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Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 19327

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qi Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Policy and International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
Interests: sport policy; Chinese football; organizational change; organizational behaviour
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicolas Scelles

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Policy and International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
Interests: sport economics; finance; management and policy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of focusing on sustainability in sport policy and finance has been increasingly emphasized by academics and practitioners worldwide. This Special Issue, as a continuation of the successful Special Issue “Sport Policy and Finance” (https://0-www-mdpi-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/journal/sustainability/special_issues/Sport_Policy_Finance), seeks submissions on this topic, with a view to advancing academic knowledge and providing practical recommendations based on articles representing the different parts of the world.

The following list is not exclusive, but cross-cutting themes might include: policy, financial investment, and social impact (Lombardo, Mazzocchetti, Rapallo, Tayser, and Cincotti, 2019); policy, talent, and/or career sustainability (Richardson and McKenna, 2019); career transition and financial sustainability (Felipe et al., 2020); policy and sustainable engagement of actors (Viollet, Scelles, and Ferrand, 2020); sport for development and peace and sustainability (Giulianotti, Darnell, Collison, and Howe, 2018; Hayhurst and del Socorro Cruz Centeno, 2019); policy change and sustainability (Peng, Skinner, and Houlihan, 2019); sports events and impact on sports organisations and territories (Potwarka and Wicker, 2021; Pyun, Kim, Schlesinger, and Matto, 2020; Wicker and Frick, 2020); sports events and legacy governance (Byun and Leopkey, 2020); non-for-profit organisations and financial sustainability (Guevara, Martin, and Arcas, 2021); sustainable performance and financial value (Scelles, Helleu, Durand, and Bonnal, 2013, 2016; Scelles, Helleu, Durand, Bonnal, and Morrow, 2017); insolvencies and remedies (Carin, 2019; Scelles, Szymanski and Dermit-Richard, 2018; Szymanski, 2017; Szymanski and Weimar, 2019); financial regulation and sustainability (Dermit-Richard, Scelles and Morrow, 2019; Morrow, 2014; Peeters and Szymanski, 2014; Szymanski, 2014); financial capability, innovation and sustainable development (Chen, Zhang, and Pifer, 2019); stadium funding and sustainable business model (Bunds, McLeod, Barrett, Newman, and Koenigstorfer, 2019); women’s sports and sustainability (Kringstad, Olsen, Jakobsen, Storm, and Schelde, 2021; Valenti, 2019); e-sport and its sustainable development (Peng, Dickson, Scelles, Grix, and Brannagan, 2020); new data typology and sustainability (Lavallee, Lowder, and Lowder, 2020); youth sports and sustainability (Stritmatter, Hanstad, and Skirstad, 2021); and financial sustainability of the sport industry (Jacobsen, Kringstad, and Olsen, 2021).

The purpose of the Special Issue is two-fold: first, to usefully supplement existing literature by updating and extending it through new data, approaches, and/or contexts in order to have a sustainable academic impact; second, to provide up-to-date and long-lasting practical recommendations for policy makers and sports managers in order to have a sustainable real world impact.

Dr. Qi Peng
Dr. Nicolas Scelles
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • career
  • engagement of actors
  • sport for development and peace
  • policy change
  • sports events
  • legacy
  • governance
  • youth sports
  • financial value
  • insolvencies
  • financial regulation
  • innovation
  • business model
  • new data
  • financial sustainability

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
How Fear, Exogeneous Shocks and Leadership Impact Change: The Case of Economic Models of the French Men’s Professional Basketball Clubs
by Mickaël Terrien, Loris Terrettaz and Yann Carin
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4910; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15064910 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1048
Abstract
The financial situation of clubs is a major issue in professional sports. Their vulnerability can be explained by the structure of income (not diversified enough) or by the breakdown of expenditure (too much investment in sports talent). This state of affairs has prompted [...] Read more.
The financial situation of clubs is a major issue in professional sports. Their vulnerability can be explained by the structure of income (not diversified enough) or by the breakdown of expenditure (too much investment in sports talent). This state of affairs has prompted an interest in their economic models, specifically in the context of French clubs from 2008/2009 to 2019/2020. How did these clubs evolve over time, and how were they able (or not) to transform their economic model? Principal components and k-means analyses of financial data reveal four main types of economic models. Even if some clubs kept the same model over this period, many clubs also substantially changed their economic models. Interviews with professional clubs were performed to understand the factors underlying change and stasis as appropriate. Although visionary leadership partly explains the changes at certain clubs, exogeneous shock played at least as great a role. However, such external factors are not sufficient to overcome some clubs’ organizational inertia, often due to a fear of change that clubs rationalize in terms of their limited local potential. This paper could be helpful in assisting clubs to fight against attribution biases and to understand how to transform their economic models to become less vulnerable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)
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15 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
A Review of Competitive Balance in European Football Leagues before and after Financial Fair Play Regulations
by Girish Ramchandani, Daniel Plumley, Adam Davis and Rob Wilson
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4284; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15054284 - 28 Feb 2023
Viewed by 6062
Abstract
This paper analyses competitive balance in 24 top-division domestic football leagues in Europe before and after the implementation of UEFA’s Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations. Our analysis covers 22 seasons between 2000/01 and 2021/22 and utilises indicators of overall league concentration and dominance. [...] Read more.
This paper analyses competitive balance in 24 top-division domestic football leagues in Europe before and after the implementation of UEFA’s Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations. Our analysis covers 22 seasons between 2000/01 and 2021/22 and utilises indicators of overall league concentration and dominance. Seven of the 24 leagues examined have seen a statistically significant worsening of league concentration post-FFP, fourteen leagues experienced a decline in the number of top-four finishers and thirteen saw a reduction in the number of unique title winners. The weight of evidence indicates that FFP has adversely affected competitive balance in several European football leagues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)
17 pages, 532 KiB  
Article
Predictive Modelling of Sports Facility Use: A Model of Aquatic Centre Attendance
by Antoine Barbier, Barbara Evrard and Nadine Dermit-Richard
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4142; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15054142 - 24 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1477
Abstract
The level of attendance appears to be the central indicator for analysing the performance of public sports facilities. However, most of the studies focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty and have been carried out in Australia and the United Kingdom. The aim of [...] Read more.
The level of attendance appears to be the central indicator for analysing the performance of public sports facilities. However, most of the studies focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty and have been carried out in Australia and the United Kingdom. The aim of this article was, therefore, to identify potential explanatory variables that could explain attendance at leisure sports facilities in Europe based on the literature (a). Then, we aimed to identify the variables that explained attendance based on a study of aquatic centres (b) to propose an exploratory predictive model (c). The sample was composed of data from 28 aquatic facilities over 5 years, and we examined 41 variables from the literature. A predictive model of attendance was created using backward regression. The proposed formula had a predictive power of 79.13% of the observed attendance in our sample of aquatic centres. These results suggest that it is possible to determine attendance at an aquatic facility with only four variables and that the study of leisure facilities in Europe implies adapting the variables to be considered. This is also the first model to investigate leisure sports facilities in Europe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)
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34 pages, 3274 KiB  
Article
Challenges toward Evidence-Based Policymaking Using Agent-Based Modeling for Federal Sports Grants: A Self-Reflection from a Transdisciplinary Project
by Thomas J. Lampoltshammer, Heidrun Maurer, Nike Pulda, Peter Klimek, Jan Hurt and Ursula Rosenbichler
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2853; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15042853 - 04 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Despite their importance, federal grant systems often need more clarity regarding cost-effectiveness, lack of transparency, and slow feedback cycles. Sports funding systems aimed at improving child health and contributing to sustainable development goals are incredibly challenging due to their heterogeneity in stakeholders and [...] Read more.
Despite their importance, federal grant systems often need more clarity regarding cost-effectiveness, lack of transparency, and slow feedback cycles. Sports funding systems aimed at improving child health and contributing to sustainable development goals are incredibly challenging due to their heterogeneity in stakeholders and regional aspects. Here, we analyze how we tackled these challenges in a transdisciplinary EU project in Austria, targeting the use of agent-based modeling for evidence-based policymaking in a co-creation process with policy stakeholders in the domain of federal sports grants to improve the health and well-being of children and youth. The initial and executed set of procedures is described, along with lessons learned during the project’s lifetime. These lessons derive a framework that provides an adapted set of processes, supporting methods, and critical decision points for an improved use of transdisciplinarity. In addition, the steps of the developed framework are combined with essential aspects of knowledge integration, following the main phases of the policy cycle and providing suggestions for required skills and competencies for capacity building concerning implementing the developed framework in the public sector. Our results show that the combination of transdisciplinarity, human-centered policymaking, and sports, supported by cutting-edge technologies such as agent-based modeling, can achieve significantly better results than a pure disciplinary approach and generate positive spill-over effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)
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19 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Soft Budget Constraints in French Football through Public Financing of Stadiums
by Jérémy Moulard, Markus Lang and Nadine Dermit-Richard
Sustainability 2023, 15(1), 135; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15010135 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1949
Abstract
Several football stadiums were built or renovated in France for hosting the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship. This study examines to what extent financial support by local governments for stadium construction or renovation induces soft budget constraints (SBC) for professional sports clubs. We [...] Read more.
Several football stadiums were built or renovated in France for hosting the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship. This study examines to what extent financial support by local governments for stadium construction or renovation induces soft budget constraints (SBC) for professional sports clubs. We address the research question based on a quantitative case study in the context of the construction and renovation of eight football stadiums that took place in France between 2012 and 2016. Our data shows that the public sector financed on average 78% of the new stadiums’ total construction or renovation costs, and local governments paid on average 60% of the total annual rental costs. The results indicate that local governments in French professional football are “supporting organizations” and help to ensure the financial sustainability and viability of the clubs by allowing them to benefit from financial flexibility, which are typical characteristics of SBCs. In total, we identify 32 forms of public aid that we classified according to different categories of “softness” and whether these aids appeared ex ante or ex post. Public aid constituted financial support that was sometimes very substantial, amounting to several million euros in each case. This financial support is often not taken into account by the regulatory authorities and thus could be interpreted as hidden government subsidies to professional clubs, which in some cases exceeded the subsidy allowance of €2.3 million. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)

Review

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12 pages, 715 KiB  
Review
A Review of Well-Being Valuation for Sports, Culture and Leisure Activities
by Jelle Schoemaker
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4997; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15064997 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1785
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that engagement in sports, as well as in cultural and leisure activities benefits people’s well-being. However, what remains unclear is the monetary value of this contribution. For creating sustainable policies that withstand austerity measures, it is crucial to have [...] Read more.
It is widely acknowledged that engagement in sports, as well as in cultural and leisure activities benefits people’s well-being. However, what remains unclear is the monetary value of this contribution. For creating sustainable policies that withstand austerity measures, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the value of these activities. This scoping review provides the first overview of studies that estimate the value of leisure activities by using the compensating variation approach exclusively. The purpose of the review is to identify methodological issues to detect knowledge gaps and to investigate the conduct of research. Records were retrieved from several scientific databases and Google Scholar. To analyze the results, all studies were summarized for country, scope, source, database, sample, measures, control variables, design, common bias and outcomes. The search resulted in eleven original studies of which five were commissioned reports delivered by academics. Important methodological issues were the diverse use of control and well-being variables and the endogeneity and selection biases that contributed to a wide range of monetary values. Because of the variability in their conduct, methodological standardization is required to reach a consensus on the contribution of sports and cultural and leisure activities to society. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)
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22 pages, 518 KiB  
Review
From Sport Policy to National Federation Sport Policy: An Integrative Literature Review and Conceptualisation Attempt
by Bastien Viollet, Nicolas Scelles and Qi Peng
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2949; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su15042949 - 06 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
The notion of sport policy is a relatively recent subject of study, but it has been frequently used over the last 20 years, particularly referring to governmental sport policies. However, less research has been conducted in the field of national sport federations (NSFs), [...] Read more.
The notion of sport policy is a relatively recent subject of study, but it has been frequently used over the last 20 years, particularly referring to governmental sport policies. However, less research has been conducted in the field of national sport federations (NSFs), which are key non-governmental structures in governing, organising and sustaining the development of sports. The objective of this article is to propose a conceptualisation of the notion of sport policy adapted to NSFs. The proposed approach consists of two steps: first, we conducted an extensive integrative literature review around the notion of sport policy. Second, based on the literature review, we developed a model that conceptualises what an NSF sport policy is. This conceptual model is intended to be a useful analytical tool to design, implement and assess the success of a sport policy for both researchers and practitioners working in the field of NSFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Policy and Finance Ⅱ)
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