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Water
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Ice and Snow Properties and Their Applications
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Ice and Snow Properties and Their Applications

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "New Sensors, New Technologies and Machine Learning in Water Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2586

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: ice mechanics; ice-structure interaction; ice loads; ice navigation; ship performance in ice
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhijun Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: ice physical and mechanical properties; ice engineering; polar sciences and technology; ecosystem under ice; physical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Pentti Kujala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
2. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Interests: full-scale measurements of ice-induced loads and analysis of the ice load statistics; simulation of ship performance in ice; development of advanced structural solutions for ships; development of system-level safety of marine traffic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Weiping Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Soil and Water Environment Research in the Cold and Arid Regions of the Yellow River Basin, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China
Interests: ice growth and decay in freshwater lakes; ice crystal structure; migration and release of ice-water phase pollution factors; frozen environment and ecology in cold regions; freeze–thaw cycle
Prof. Dr. Shifeng Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, zhenjiang, China
Interests: load prediction of polar vessels and marine structures; analysis and optimization design of ice-strengthened hull structure; analysis of temperature field of polar vessels and LNG carrier; simulation of tank icing; sloshing simulation of LNG carrier; intelligent hull structure technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to announce the launch of a Special Issue entitled “Ice and Snow Properties and Their Applications”. The study of ice and snow is of paramount significance, not only for earth sciences but also for advancements in engineering and social sciences. Our global climate is undergoing profound changes, including delayed ice formation, thinner ice covers, shifting ice margins, higher ice temperatures, and changing precipitation patterns. Understanding the ice and snow properties becomes imperative for addressing challenges and harnessing opportunities in diverse fields.

This Special Issue aims to comprehensively explore the properties of ice and snow, encompassing their physical, thermal, mechanical, optical, and electrical attributes. Furthermore, it seeks to demonstrate the engineering applications based on in-depth modeling of the physical and mechanical properties of ice and snow. Contributions to theoretical studies, practical applications, remote sensing, investigations, experiments, and numerical modeling related to ice and snow in cold regions are particularly encouraged.

We look forward to your valuable contributions to this Special Issue, which will help us gain a deeper understanding of the properties of ice and snow and their prevailing applications.

Dr. Fang Li
Prof. Dr. Zhijun Li
Prof. Dr. Pentti Kujala
Prof. Dr. Weiping Li
Prof. Dr. Shifeng Ding
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glacier ice
  • lake ice
  • river ice
  • sea ice
  • ice/snow properties
  • engineering
  • ice–structure interaction
  • remote sensing
  • observations and investigations
  • numerical modeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7326 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Ice Resistance Characteristics of Ships in Rafted Ice Based on the Circumferential Crack Method
by Jiayu Huang, Feng Diao, Shifeng Ding, Sen Han, Pentti Kujala and Li Zhou
Water 2024, 16(6), 854; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16060854 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 585
Abstract
In previous studies of ship–ice interactions, most studies focused on ship–level ice interactions, overlooking potential rafted ice conditions in extreme ice conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical model for predicting ship resistance in rafted ice regions. Numerical modeling [...] Read more.
In previous studies of ship–ice interactions, most studies focused on ship–level ice interactions, overlooking potential rafted ice conditions in extreme ice conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical model for predicting ship resistance in rafted ice regions. Numerical modeling of rafted ice was carried out using preset grid cells. By comparing the model test results, the accuracy and reliability of the numerical model are verified. On this basis, we undertook the analysis of the impacts of different ice thicknesses, ship speeds, bending strengths, and crushing strengths on the ice resistance of ships under level and rafted ice conditions. The results show that the ice resistance of ships is significantly higher than that of rafted ice under the condition of level ice; however, level ice and rafted ice have different effects on ship ice resistance. Compared with level ice, the ice resistance of ships navigating in rafted ice is more concentrated. The findings of the present research can serve as a technical reference for studies focused on predicting ship resistance in rafted ice regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ice and Snow Properties and Their Applications)
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28 pages, 8939 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Meteorological Element Variation Characteristics in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin
by Qi Yue, Gao Yu, Yu Miao and Yang Zhou
Water 2024, 16(4), 521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16040521 - 06 Feb 2024
Viewed by 762
Abstract
Located in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River in north-east Asia, spanning four countries, plays a crucial role as an international border river, and its meteorological changes significantly impact the variation in water resources in the basin. This study utilizes daily average temperature and precipitation [...] Read more.
Located in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River in north-east Asia, spanning four countries, plays a crucial role as an international border river, and its meteorological changes significantly impact the variation in water resources in the basin. This study utilizes daily average temperature and precipitation data from 282 meteorological stations in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin and its surrounding areas for the period 1980–2022. The analysis employs spatial interpolation, change point testing, and model construction prediction methods. The results indicate a significant increasing trend in both overall temperature and precipitation changes within the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin. At the spatial scale, the annual warming rate increases gradually from the southeastern coastal region to the northwestern plateau region, while the rate of precipitation increase decreases from the southern area towards its surroundings. Temporally, the warming amplitude during the growing season decreases gradually from east to west, and the trend in precipitation changes during the growing season aligns with the overall annual precipitation trend. During the non-growing season, the warming trend shows a decrease in the plains and an increase in the plateau, while precipitation increase concentrates in the central and southern plains, and precipitation decrease predominantly occurs in the northwestern plateau region. Temperature and precipitation change points occurred in the years 2001 and 2012, respectively. In precipitation prediction, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model exhibits higher accuracy, with R (Pearson correlation coefficient) and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient) values approaching 1 and lower NRSME values. This study provides a research foundation for the rational development and utilization of water resources in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin and offers valuable insights for research on climate change characteristics in large transboundary river systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ice and Snow Properties and Their Applications)
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Review

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15 pages, 7287 KiB  
Review
A Review on the Driving Mechanism of the Spring Algal Bloom in Lakes Using Freezing and Thawing Processes
by Ziyue Zhao, Xuemei Liu, Yanfeng Wu, Guangxin Zhang, Changlei Dai, Guoli Qiao and Yinghui Ma
Water 2024, 16(2), 257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16020257 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 993
Abstract
Spring algal blooms in mid–high-latitude lakes are facing serious challenges such as earlier outbreaks, longer duration, and increasing frequency under the dual pressure of climate warming and human activities, which threaten the health of freshwater ecosystems and water security. At present, the freeze-thaw [...] Read more.
Spring algal blooms in mid–high-latitude lakes are facing serious challenges such as earlier outbreaks, longer duration, and increasing frequency under the dual pressure of climate warming and human activities, which threaten the health of freshwater ecosystems and water security. At present, the freeze-thaw processes is the key to distinguishing spring algal blooms in mid- to high-latitude lakes from low-latitude lakes. Based on the visualization and an analysis of the literature in the WOS database during 2007–2023, we clarified the driving mechanism of the freeze-thaw process (freeze-thaw, freeze-up, and thawing) on spring algal bloom in lakes by describing the evolution of the freeze-thaw processes on the nutrient migration and transformation, water temperature, lake transparency and dissolved oxygen, and physiological characteristics of algae between shallow lakes and deep lakes. We found that the complex phosphorus transformation process during the frozen period can better explain the spring-algal-bloom phenomenon compared to nitrogen. The dominant species of lake algae also undergo transformation during the freeze-thaw process. On this basis, the response mechanism of spring algal blooms in lakes to future climate change has been sorted out. The general framework of “principles analysis, model construction, simulation and prediction, assessment and management” and the prevention strategy for dealing with spring algal bloom in lakes have been proposed, for which we would like to provide scientific support and reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of spring algal bloom in lakes under the freezing and thawing processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ice and Snow Properties and Their Applications)
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