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The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment
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The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2024 | Viewed by 11272

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Minhua Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Interests: wastewater/water treatment; nioelectrochemical system; electrochemcial degradation of pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guoshuai Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Interests: environmental electrochemistry; water treatment; DFT; advanced oxidation/reduction process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment (AEMWT) is the title of a Special Issue of Water devoted to the interdisciplinary subject of electrochemistry and all aspects related to water and wastewater treatment. AEMWT focuses on the publication of both original work and reviews in the field of electrochemical treatment. AEMWT provides fast dissemination of original articles, reviews, short communications, and full communications covering the whole field of electrochemical applications in water and wastewater. Short communications are limited to a maximum of 21,000 characters (including spaces), whereas full communications are limited to 26,000 characters (including spaces). We aim to be the fastest-published Special Issue in the journal.

AEMWT welcomes the research fields covered by the following areas:

  • Bioelectrochemistry;
  • Combining electrochemistry with other technologies;
  • Computational and theoretical electrochemistry;
  • Electrochemical materials science;
  • Electrochemical methods in carbon sequestration and conversion;
  • Electrochemical sensors in water treatment;
  • Fundamental electrochemistry;
  • Mechanisms of contaminants transformation;
  • Pilot- and full-scale application of electrochemical technology.

The editors would like to draw particular attention to the quality and the scientific content of submissions. Papers must be presented in a way that is accessible to the readers. The presentation and discussion must be at a level that meets the global status of Water.

The AEMWT will not publish papers that have been partially or completely published in other journals, or papers that plagiarize other works. All submitted papers are screened for similarity with published works. High similarity will result in rejection without review.

Prof. Dr. Minhua Cui
Prof. Dr. Guoshuai Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemistry
  • electrode
  • pollution
  • reaction process and mechanism
  • sensors
  • wastewater
  • water

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1664 KiB  
Article
Effect of UV-LED Wavelength on Reactive Species Photogeneration from Dissolved Organic Matter
by Ze-Chong Guo, Lu Zhang, Yong Chen, Cheng Huang and Zhi-Min Liao
Water 2024, 16(5), 635; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16050635 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
The photogeneration of reactive species from dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the photochemical and photobiochemical processes in natural aquatic systems. However, the impact of the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength on the photogeneration of reactive species by different sources of DOM [...] Read more.
The photogeneration of reactive species from dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the photochemical and photobiochemical processes in natural aquatic systems. However, the impact of the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength on the photogeneration of reactive species by different sources of DOM remains unclear. In this study, UV light at four wavelengths (365 nm, 310 nm, 280 nm, and 260 nm) provided by UV-LEDs were irradiated onto three types of DOM: humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and effluent organic matter (EfOM). Three reactive species produced by DOM, including excited triplet-state DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), were determined. UV365 proved to be the most efficient wavelength for generating 1O2 and •OH, with formation rates of 3.47 × 10−6 M s−1 and 1.67 × 10−8 M s−1, respectively, with the addition of FA and EfOM. The highest steady-state concentrations of all three reactive species were also generated under UV365, reaching 3.00 × 10−13 M (3DOM*) and 1.64 × 10−11 M (1O2) with the FA addition, and 1.44 × 10−10 M (•OH) with the EfOM. Across the different DOM sources, UV365 obtained the maximum quantum yields of reactive species, indicating the stronger effect of UV365 on inducing the photosensitization of DOM compared to the other shorter wavelengths. This study expands our understanding of the photochemistry of DOM in aquatic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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13 pages, 2152 KiB  
Article
Co-Pyrolysis of Fenton Sludge and Pomelo Peel for Heavy Metal Stabilization: Speciation Mechanism and Risk Evaluation
by Cheng Huang, Lixian Wang, Lingyi Fan and Yong Chen
Water 2023, 15(21), 3733; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15213733 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 923
Abstract
The safe disposal and resource utilization of Fenton sludge (FS) are challenges due to the presence of heavy metals (HMs). Co-pyrolysis with biomass waste can effectively increase biochar quality and immobilize HMs, but research focusing on heavy metal stabilization from Fenton sludge using [...] Read more.
The safe disposal and resource utilization of Fenton sludge (FS) are challenges due to the presence of heavy metals (HMs). Co-pyrolysis with biomass waste can effectively increase biochar quality and immobilize HMs, but research focusing on heavy metal stabilization from Fenton sludge using the co-pyrolysis approach is scattered. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of FS and pomelo peel (PP) was developed as a strategy to reduce the environmental risk of HMs. The results showed that co-pyrolysis greatly increased the pH and aromaticity of biochars, and the maximum specific surface area was 6.5 times higher than the corresponding FS-based biochar due to the sponge-like structure of PP, which was likely conducive to adsorbing HMs during pyrolysis. Meanwhile, the addition of PP promoted the enrichment of HMs in co-pyrolyzed biochars as well as induced the transformation of bio-available HM fractions to stable forms, especially at high temperatures. Finally, the presence of PP led to the decline in HM leachability in biochars; thus, the potential ecological risks of HMs decreased from considerable pollution levels to moderate and even clean levels. This study demonstrated that co-pyrolysis with PP is a promising approach to reduce the toxicity of HMs and improve the functionality of biochar for industrial sludge management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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22 pages, 7061 KiB  
Article
Study on Preparation of Rabbit Manure Biochar and Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Rhodamine B Degradation
by Feng Ouyang, Yujie Liu, Jiao Chen, Chenghan Tang, Aojie Wang, Yixin Lu and Yiping Yuan
Water 2023, 15(11), 2015; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15112015 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1640
Abstract
Using rabbit manure as raw material, three distinct types of rabbit manure biochar (RBC400, RBC500, and RBC600) were prepared via pyrolysis at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar were examined [...] Read more.
Using rabbit manure as raw material, three distinct types of rabbit manure biochar (RBC400, RBC500, and RBC600) were prepared via pyrolysis at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Rabbit manure biochar was used to activate permonosulfate (PMS) to degrade rhodamine B (RhB). The findings revealed that RBC600 prepared at 600 °C showed the strongest catalytic activity due to its abundant pores and pore structure, high graphitization, and high carbonization degree. Under optimal reaction conditions (0.4 g/L PMS and 0.6 g/L RBC600), the degradation rate of 50 mg/L RhB reached 93.38% within 60 min. RBC600 can be effectively recovered, and effective catalytic activity can be sustained after five cycles. The quenching and EPR experiments showed that both free-radical (SO4− and ·OH) and non-free-radical (1O2) pathways contributed to the degradation of RhB, in which 1O2 performed a dominant role. In conclusion, the new PMS activator prepared in this study not only realizes the “waste to waste” use of manure waste but also provides technical support for the efficient resource-based treatment of organic wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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13 pages, 29108 KiB  
Article
Methane Promotion of Waste Sludge Anaerobic Digestion: Effect of Typical Metal Meshes on Community Evolution and Electron Transfer
by Ling Wang, Chang Liu, Xing Fan, Chunxue Yang, Xiaolin Zhou and Zechong Guo
Water 2022, 14(19), 3129; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14193129 - 4 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) to produce methane is a promising pathway for biomass energy recovery. However, a slow organic biodegradation rate and weak microbial cooperation between fermentation bacteria and methanogens lead to low methane production from WAS. Considering the reuse [...] Read more.
Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) to produce methane is a promising pathway for biomass energy recovery. However, a slow organic biodegradation rate and weak microbial cooperation between fermentation bacteria and methanogens lead to low methane production from WAS. Considering the reuse of conductive materials for the regulation of microbial communities, this study chose three kinds of high-mesh metal materials (nickel, copper, and stainless steel) to promote the anaerobic digestion process. All three kinds of metal mesh could effectively increase methane production, and the highest methane production was increased by 61%, reaching 77.52 mL gVSS−1. The poor biocompatibility of the stainless steel mesh was the least effective in promoting methane production compared to the biocompatible copper mesh and nickel mesh. The microbiological analysis found that the metal mesh with good biocompatibility can effectively induce and promote the enrichment of key microorganisms in the process of synergistic methane production, and the direct electron transfer process (DIET) of microorganisms on the metal surface contributes to the further improvement of the methane production efficiency. Therefore, the application of metal conductive materials in sludge anaerobic fermentation is feasible to achieve the retention of syntrophic bacteria and methanogens in the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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17 pages, 5120 KiB  
Article
Nitrate Removal from Groundwater by Heterotrophic and Electro-Autotrophic Denitrification
by Shuangshuang Yao, Lei Liu, Shiyang Zhang and Xinhua Tang
Water 2022, 14(11), 1759; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14111759 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2088
Abstract
A heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (HAD) system shows satisfactory performance for groundwater with nitrate contamination. In this study, an HAD system combining solid-phase heterotrophic denitrification and electrochemical hydrogen autotrophic denitrification (SHD-EHD) was developed for the treatment of nitrate-contaminated groundwater, in which polycaprolactone (PCL) [...] Read more.
A heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (HAD) system shows satisfactory performance for groundwater with nitrate contamination. In this study, an HAD system combining solid-phase heterotrophic denitrification and electrochemical hydrogen autotrophic denitrification (SHD-EHD) was developed for the treatment of nitrate-contaminated groundwater, in which polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the carbon source to enhance the nitrate removal performance and prevent secondary pollution of the electrochemical hydrogen autotrophic denitrification (EHD) system. The denitrification performance, microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolism were investigated. The results showed that a high nitrate removal rate of 99.04% was achieved with an influent nitrate concentration of 40 mg/L, a current of 40 mA and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 h. By comparing the performance with the EHD system, it was found that the HAD system with PCL promoted the complete denitrification and reduced the accumulation of NO2−-N. Analysis of the microbial community structure identified the key denitrifying bacteria: Dechloromonas, Thauera and Hydrogenophaga. A comparison of microbial communities from SHD-EHD and solid-phase heterotrophic denitrification (SHD) demonstrated that electrical stimulation promoted the abundance of the dominant denitrifying bacteria and the electroactive bacteria. Analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway revealed that the conversion of NO to N2O was the rate-limiting step in the overall denitrification pathway. The SHD-EHD developed in this study showed great potential for groundwater nitrate removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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12 pages, 1772 KiB  
Article
Electrode Microbial Communities Associated with Electron Donor Source Types in a Bioelectrochemical System Treating Azo-Dye Wastewater
by Zechong Guo, Lu Zhang, Min-Hua Cui and Aijie Wang
Water 2022, 14(9), 1505; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14091505 - 7 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been acknowledged to be an efficient technology for refractory pollution treatment. An electron donor is as an indispensable element of BES, and domestic wastewater (DW) has been proved as a cost-efficient and accessible alternative option to expensive carbon sources [...] Read more.
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been acknowledged to be an efficient technology for refractory pollution treatment. An electron donor is as an indispensable element of BES, and domestic wastewater (DW) has been proved as a cost-efficient and accessible alternative option to expensive carbon sources (such as acetate and glucose), yet its effect on microbial community evolution has not been thoroughly revealed. In this study, the electrode microbial communities from BESs treating azo dye wastewater fed by DW (RDW), acetate (RAc), and glucose (RGlu) were systematically revealed based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. It was found that there were significant differences between three groups in microbial community structures. Desulfovibrio, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella were identified as the predominant bacterial genera in RDW, RAc, and RGlu, respectively. Methanosaeta, the most enriched methanogen in all reactors, had a relative lower abundance in RDW. Microbial communities in RAc and RGlu were sensitive to electrode polarity while RDW was sensitive to electrode position. Compared with pure substrates, DW increased the diversity of microbial community and, thus, may enhance the stability of electrode biofilm. This study provides an insight into the microbial response mechanism to the electron donors and provides engineering implications for the development of BES. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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19 pages, 3114 KiB  
Article
Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis of the Degradation of Atrazine by O3/H2O2
by Yixin Lu, Chenghan Tang, Yujie Liu and Jiao Chen
Water 2022, 14(9), 1412; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14091412 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1486
Abstract
In phosphate buffer, the degradation of ATZ by ozone/(O3/H2O2) under various circumstance was explored and the degradation mechanism and dynamics were probed. The findings revealed that when maintaining the reaction temperature at 25 °C, the H2 [...] Read more.
In phosphate buffer, the degradation of ATZ by ozone/(O3/H2O2) under various circumstance was explored and the degradation mechanism and dynamics were probed. The findings revealed that when maintaining the reaction temperature at 25 °C, the H2O2 concentration and the O3 concentration were 20 mol/L and 20 mol/L, respectively. Moreover, the degradation rate of 5 mol/L ATZ under the influence of O3/H2O2 was 92.59% in phosphate buffer at pH7. The mechanism analysis showed that HO• and O3 underwent co-oxidized degradation and that the HO• and O3 oxidation degradation ratios were close to 1:1 under acidic conditions. Furthermore, HO• oxidative degradation dominated the ATZ degradation process. The kinetics analysis showed that the ATZ kinetics of O3/H2O2 degradation were more compatible with quasi-second-order reaction kinetics under different temperatures, pH values, and H2O2 concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Methods in Water Treatment)
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