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Water
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Water Environmental System Analysis
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Water Environmental System Analysis

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 13007

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yurui Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, UK
Interests: water resources; flood and coastal engineering; environmental management; optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaosheng Qin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: hydrological modeling; extreme weather analysis; climate change impact assessment and adaptative planning; water resources and environmental systems planning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For decades, water and environmental issues have led to a variety of adverse impacts on socioeconomic development and human life. Water and environmental pollution control are one of most critical principles for sustainable development, which has been a significant challenge for many researchers and decision makers. The challenges for effective water and environmental management are highly complicated, involving a large number of social, economic, environmental, technical, and political factors, coupled with complex spatial variability and cascading effects. Such complexities force researchers to develop more robust mathematical methods and tools to analyze the relevant information, simulate the related processes, implement mitigation strategies, assess the potential impacts/risks, and generate sound decision alternatives.

This Special Issues on “Water Environmental System Analysis” aims to explore new mathematical techniques to aid decision makers in mitigating water and environmental pollution problems. What are new techniques in revealing pollutants transport in aquatic systems? How do we generate sound water pollution control strategies under consideration of climate change and socioeconomic development? Are there appropriate approaches to reflect extensive uncertainties in the process of water and environmental systems modeling and optimization? Further, case studies from a variety of water and environmental pollution control issues are welcome.

Dr. Yurui Fan
Dr. Xiaosheng Qin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water pollution control
  • water systems modeling
  • water and environmental systems management
  • climate change and adaptation
  • decision making
  • risk assessment

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4085 KiB  
Article
Early Warning and Joint Regulation of Water Quantity and Quality in the Daqing River Basin
by Liang Chen, Mingxiang Yang, Yang Liu and Linjiang Nan
Water 2022, 14(19), 3068; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14193068 - 29 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1300
Abstract
In the recent decades, the issue of water-resource security of the Daqing River Basin, which is one of the five major rivers in the Haihe River Basin, has become increasingly serious affected by climate change and human activities. In this paper, a dynamic [...] Read more.
In the recent decades, the issue of water-resource security of the Daqing River Basin, which is one of the five major rivers in the Haihe River Basin, has become increasingly serious affected by climate change and human activities. In this paper, a dynamic simulation and early warning model of water quantity and quality in this basin based on the SWAT model was constructed to promote the implementation of water environment quality and safety bottom line in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results of the study are as follows: (1) When encountering a once-in-a-century rainstorm, the flood pressure of Zijingguan in the flood season is the highest, with the highest water level reaching 521.23 m, and the overall maximum runoff follows the order of Zijingguan > Fuping > Zhangfang. (2) When the NH3-N emissions are reduced by 37.64~85.10% in each month (based on the level in 2017), the water quality at the outlet of the basin can reach the standard, and the upper limit of NH3-N emissions is 504.5 t/m. (3) The regulation and control scheme seeking to “ensure the base flow with standard water quality” and “optimize NH3-N annual emission” is proposed in this paper. The NH3-N concentration at the outlet of all watersheds can reach the standard when the basic runoff of each sub-basin reaches 0.01 to 10.32 m3/s. In addition, concentrating the emission in July, August, and September and reducing the emission intensity of NH3-N in proportion can significantly reduce the monthly average NH3-N concentration (<1.99 mg/L) at the outlet section of the basin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environmental System Analysis)
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21 pages, 3221 KiB  
Article
Multivariate Hydrologic Risk Analysis for River Thames
by Rosemary Kiama Gabriel and Yurui Fan
Water 2022, 14(3), 384; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w14030384 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3199
Abstract
This study analyzed the multivariate flood risk for the river Thames at Kingston based on historical flood data from the National River Flow Archive (NRFA) website. The bivariate risk analysis framework was prepared from the joint return periods of the peak flow (m [...] Read more.
This study analyzed the multivariate flood risk for the river Thames at Kingston based on historical flood data from the National River Flow Archive (NRFA) website. The bivariate risk analysis framework was prepared from the joint return periods of the peak flow (m3/s) and 3-day annual maximum flow (m3/s) flood pair. A total of 137 samples of flood pairs from 1883 to 2019 were adopted for risk analysis. The multivariate return periods were characterized depending on the quantification of the bivariate flood frequency analysis of the pair through copulas methods. The unknown parameter of each copula was estimated using the method-of-moment (MOM) estimator based on Kendall’s tau inversion, in which the Clayton copula performed best to model the dependence of the two flood variables. Then, the bivariate hydrologic risk was characterized based on the joint return period in AND, established from the Clayton copula method. The results reveal that the flood pair would keep a constant hydrologic risk value for some time then moderately decrease as the 3-day AMAX flow increases from 700 m3/s. This hydrologic risk indicator was analyzed under four service time scenarios and three peak flows whose return periods were positioned at 50, 100, and 150 years. The outcomes from the bivariate risk analysis of the flood pairs can be used as decision support during the design of flood defenses and hydraulic facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environmental System Analysis)
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14 pages, 2189 KiB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Water Resources and Energy Security Based on the Cloud Model: A Case Study of China in 2020
by Yafeng Yang, Hongrui Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang and Cheng Wang
Water 2021, 13(13), 1823; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13131823 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2879
Abstract
With the rapid development of economy and society, China’s demand for water resources and energy is increasing, and the supply situation is becoming increasingly severe. The correlation and binding characteristics between the two have become increasingly prominent, which will become bottlenecks in sustainable [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of economy and society, China’s demand for water resources and energy is increasing, and the supply situation is becoming increasingly severe. The correlation and binding characteristics between the two have become increasingly prominent, which will become bottlenecks in sustainable economic and social development in the future. In this paper, the Liang–Kleeman method was used to screen the risk factors of water resources and energy security, and then four major risk factors were selected. Based on the cloud model, the water resource and energy security risk assessment models were constructed combined with the predicted values using GM (1,1) and Pearson III curve methods, and the water resource and energy security risks of 30 provinces (cities) in 2020 were quantitatively assessed. The risk assessment results showed that the risk level zoning of water resource shortage with different guarantee rates in most regions has undergone little change, but the spatial distribution was quite different, showing the characteristics of “low in the South and high in the North”. When the guarantee rate changed from P = 25% to P = 95%, the risk level of water shortage in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hainan, Jilin, Ningxia and Nei Monggol significantly increased, and the spatial distribution of energy security risk and water resource shortage risk was obviously inconsistent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environmental System Analysis)
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13 pages, 5315 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Influence of Suspended Matter by the Foundation Construction of Different Offshore Wind Turbines in the Taiwan Sea Area
by Sung-Shan Hsiao, Hsing-Yu Wang and Yun-Chih Chiang
Water 2021, 13(10), 1405; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13101405 - 18 May 2021
Viewed by 1702
Abstract
The objective of this study was to adequately examine potential wave fields, flow fields, and suspended load changes in different wind turbine foundations. Accordingly, this study applied the hydrodynamic model to simulate waves, currents, and suspended load in the study area. The simulation [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to adequately examine potential wave fields, flow fields, and suspended load changes in different wind turbine foundations. Accordingly, this study applied the hydrodynamic model to simulate waves, currents, and suspended load in the study area. The simulation results are based on the assumption that dredging and rubble bed trimming were performed for 8 h and that the per foundation setting operation was completed in 2 h. The influence on the tripile and jacket was larger than that on the monopile, and the influence time was longer. However, due to the influence of tidal currents on the sea, the suspended load also became more acceptable than the initial concentration. From a macroscopic perspective, the different foundations did not sufficiently affect the study area. From a microscopic perspective, changes in the suspended load were only limited to areas surrounding the piles after the installation of the wind turbines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environmental System Analysis)
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11 pages, 1350 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Triclosan on Physiological and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris
by Zhineng Dai, Xing Luo, Aili Yang, Jinsong Wang, Haiyan Fu and Yicheng Wu
Water 2021, 13(10), 1355; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w13101355 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2634
Abstract
Triclosan has been widely used as addition ingredient in personal care and medical antibacterial products, and the increasing amounts of triclosan discharged in aquatic environments pose a potential risk to aquatic ecological systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to [...] Read more.
Triclosan has been widely used as addition ingredient in personal care and medical antibacterial products, and the increasing amounts of triclosan discharged in aquatic environments pose a potential risk to aquatic ecological systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to varying triclosan concentrations on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity of Chlorella vulgaris. The results showed that low-concentration triclosan (<0.75 mg/L) can stimulate the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, whereas 1.05 mg/L triclosan exhibited significant inhibition. Low-concentration triclosan (<0.75 mg/L) could improve the tolerance and utilization ability of Chlorella vulgaris in relation to strong light. We observed a significant increase in the malondialdehyde content of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to 1.05 mg/L triclosan. The intracellular superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activities of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to triclosan were higher than the control groups, and the increase in this activity was positively correlated with the concentration of triclosan. The results also showed that excessive H2O2 may in turn damage the CAT structure and eventually inactivate CAT activity when Chlorella vulgaris is exposed to 1.05 mg/L triclosan. This study provided a theoretical basis which can be used to evaluate the ecological risk of triclosan in the aquatic environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environmental System Analysis)
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19 pages, 4656 KiB  
Article
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Multidimensional Extreme Precipitation Indicators: A Case Study in the Loess Plateau, China
by Chaoxing Sun, Guohe Huang and Yurui Fan
Water 2020, 12(4), 1217; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w12041217 - 24 Apr 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2841
Abstract
Extreme precipitation can seriously affect the ecological environment, agriculture, human safety, and property resilience. A full-scale and scientific assessment in extreme precipitation characteristics is necessary for water resources management and providing decision-making support to mitigate the potential losses brought by extreme precipitation. In [...] Read more.
Extreme precipitation can seriously affect the ecological environment, agriculture, human safety, and property resilience. A full-scale and scientific assessment in extreme precipitation characteristics is necessary for water resources management and providing decision-making support to mitigate the potential losses brought by extreme precipitation. In the present study, a multidimensional risk assessment framework is developed to investigate the spatial–temporal changes in different extreme precipitation indicators. The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is applied to fit the distribution for each indicator and carry out single index risk assessment. The joint probabilistic features of multiple extreme indicators can be explored through coupling the GMM distributions into copulas. In addition, the moving window approach and the Mann–Kendall test are integrated to examine non-stationary risks (evaluated by “AND”, “OR”, and Kendall return periods) of multidimensional indicators along with their changing trends and significance. The proposed assessment framework is applied to the Loess Plateau, China. Four extreme precipitation indicators are characterized: the amount (P95), the number of days (D95), the intensity (I95), and the proportion (R95) of extreme precipitation. The spatial–temporal changes of these indicators and their multidimensional combinations (including six two-dimensional and three three-dimensional combinations) are fully identified and quantitatively evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environmental System Analysis)
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