Sustainability

24 pages, 2163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Fuel and Exhaust Emission Costs of Heavy-Duty Vehicles Intended for Gas Transportation

by Dragan Vašalić, Ivan Ivković, Dušan Mladenović, Dragan Sekulić, Dejan Miličević and Edin Suljovrujić

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135407 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

This research focuses on heavy-duty vehicles intended to transport compressed natural gases, i.e., class-2 dangerous goods. The analysis includes heavy-duty vehicles powered by diesel and compressed natural gas and trailers with two body types. The body types used in the research are battery [...] Read more.

This research focuses on heavy-duty vehicles intended to transport compressed natural gases, i.e., class-2 dangerous goods. The analysis includes heavy-duty vehicles powered by diesel and compressed natural gas and trailers with two body types. The body types used in the research are battery bodies and multiple-element gas containers, with pressure vessels made of composite materials (Type-4) and steel (Type-1). The paper presents the methodological procedure for predicting fuel and exhaust gas emission costs as a function of fuel consumption and transported gas quantities. The effects of different types of bodies and different types of fuel on the transported quantities of gas, vehicle mass utilization, fuel consumption, and exhaust gas emissions are shown. The obtained results show that bodies with Type-4 pressure vessels transport 44% more gas than bodies with Type-1 pressure vessels for one turn. The most cost-effective solution for emission costs is diesel-powered, newer-technology vehicles and Type-4 vessels, requiring EUR 2.82 per ton of gas. Similarly, the most economical choice for fuel costs is compressed natural-gas-powered vehicles with Type-4 bodies and a cost of EUR 19.77 per ton of gas. The research results’ practical application pertains to the selection procedures of vehicles and bodies intended for the transport of gases; they should be considered in the decision-making process, with the aim of attaining a sustainable transport sector with lower costs and less impact on the environment. Full article

5 pages, 222 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goals

by Ștefan Cristian Gherghina and Liliana Nicoleta Simionescu

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5406; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135406 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

In December 2019, a new kind of coronavirus, termed novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or COVID-19), was noticed in Wuhan, China, and has now rapidly spread throughout China and the world [2]. Full article

22 pages, 1455 KiB

Open AccessReview

Toward the Circular Economy in the Aquaculture Sector: Bibliometric, Network and Content Analyses

by Margherita Masi, Felice Adinolfi, Yari Vecchio, Giulio Paolo Agnusdei and Benedetta Coluccia

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5405; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135405 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

This paper offers an overview of circular economy strategies applied to the aquaculture sector. The growing challenges imposed on the sector by the strategies of the Green Deal impose new growth strategies in the name of sustainability. The scalability of these strategies is [...] Read more.

This paper offers an overview of circular economy strategies applied to the aquaculture sector. The growing challenges imposed on the sector by the strategies of the Green Deal impose new growth strategies in the name of sustainability. The scalability of these strategies is increasingly hampered by regulatory voids and by the absence of a universally accepted assessment method for measuring the impacts of current aquaculture systems. More than ever, a review of knowledge in the circular economy field is required to comprehend where the aquaculture sector is heading, and in order to make the required transition. The present review proposes a bibliometric analysis, a network analysis and a content analysis, which highlight a very new and expanding field of research. The studies were firstly analyzed from a micro (animal metabolism) to a macro perspective (policies, markets and society), emphasizing where research is still lacking. Furthermore, a second level of classification concerns the type of circularity approach proposed for the aquaculture system, which can be divided into open-loop or closed-loop strategies. Regarding the open-loop-related studies, the focus of the evaluation is devoted to the different bioeconomic values of the circularity strategies proposed for the biological flows entering and exiting the aquaculture system. The literature review offered insights into the identification of research threads that are developing around the aquaculture sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development Goals and Circular Economic)

14 pages, 2280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Transport Inequality and Utilization: Exploring the Perspective of the Inequality Impact on Travel Choices

by Ali Bokhari and Farahnaz Sharifi

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5404; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135404 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

Public transport (PT) inequality is evidenced to have adverse consequences on various social–urban–economic aspects of urban residents’ lives; however, the impact of this inequality on PT itself, particularly its utilization, is a less explored area of study. This paper examines the association between [...] Read more.

Public transport (PT) inequality is evidenced to have adverse consequences on various social–urban–economic aspects of urban residents’ lives; however, the impact of this inequality on PT itself, particularly its utilization, is a less explored area of study. This paper examines the association between PT inequality and PT utilization patterns in Melbourne, Australia, using journey-to-work data in a multivariate regression model. By analyzing commuting and socioeconomic factors, we investigate how PT inequalities affect the travel choices of the residents. Our findings indicate that regions with lower PT inequality demonstrate higher PT usage for daily commuting, emphasizing the importance of the equitable distribution of resources. This finding is consistent across different PT modes of trains, trams, and buses, and using different inequality measures of the Gini index and the

90 / 10

ratio. Spatial variations and factors like income levels, education, home ownership, and age are also found to influence PT usage. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential impact of incorporating equity considerations during the planning stages of PT projects. Furthermore, they could justify targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the equity of PT services. Full article

16 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Influence of Natural and Agricultural Land Use Systems on the Different Lability Organic Carbon Compounds in Eutric Endocalcaric Arenosol

by Liudmila Tripolskaja, Kristina Amaleviciute-Volunge, Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice, Alvyra Slepetiene and Eugenija Baksiene

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5403; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135403 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 68

Abstract

It is important to ensure the ratio of stable and labile soil organic carbon (SOC) compounds in the soil as this influences ecosystem functions and the sustainability of soil management. The aim of this investigation was to determine the changes in SOC compounds [...] Read more.

It is important to ensure the ratio of stable and labile soil organic carbon (SOC) compounds in the soil as this influences ecosystem functions and the sustainability of soil management. The aim of this investigation was to determine the changes in SOC compounds and soil quality improvement in Arenosol soil after the conversion of arable land to natural and agricultural land use. The land use types included pine afforestation (PA), uncultivated abandoned land (UAL), unfertilised and fertilised cropland (CLunf, CLf), and unfertilised and fertilised grassland (GRunf, GRf). To assess the lability of organic carbon (OC) compounds, levels of mobile humic substances (MHSs), mobile humic acids (MHAs), mobile fulvic acids (MFAs), active C pool (POXC), and water-soluble C (WEOC) compounds were determined. It was found that faster OC accumulation occurs in PA soil than in CLf, and is somewhat slower in grassland uses (GRf and UAL). As the amount of SOC increased, more MHS formed. A significant increase in their quantity was found in PA (+92.2%) and CRf and UAL (+51.5–52.7%). The application of mineral fertilisers promoted the formation of MHSs in CLf and GRf. PA, GRunf, and GRf soils had more suitable conditions for MHA formation (MHA/MFA > 1.3), whereas CLunf soil contained more MFAs. The POXC pool was insensitive to land-use changes in the Arenosol. After land-use conversion, POXC amounts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in natural ecosystems (UAL and PA) and fertiliser perennial grasses than in CL. The amount of WEOC increased the most in UAL, PA, and GRf (7.4–71.1%). The sequence of decrease in land use was GRf, UAL, and PA > CLunf, CLf, and GRunf. The decreasing order of the carbon management index (CMI) of different land uses (PA > UAL > GRf > GRunf > Clunf) confirms that faster OC accumulation in Arenosol soil occurred in PA and grassland land uses (GRf and UAL). The values of the carbon lability index (CLI) variation (CLunf > GRunf GRf > UAL > PA) show that in PA, UAL, and GRf land uses, mobile organic matter (OM) forms are relatively less formed, which stabilises OC accumulation in the soil. The CMI showed that UAL and GRf were the most suitable soil uses for Arenosol soils. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Analytical Chemistry Technology)

17 pages, 5753 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Sustainable Afforestation through Innovative Earth Auger Design: A Simulation Study in Hilly Regions

by Guofu Wang, Wei Zhang, Meiling Chen, Min Ji, Xingliang Diao and Hu Miao

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5402; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135402 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 66

Abstract

The objective of this study was to advance sustainable forestry development through the creation of mechanical equipment, taking into account forestry operational methods. A suspended automatic feeding and retracting excavation device for tree pits was engineered, and its interaction with soil was investigated [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to advance sustainable forestry development through the creation of mechanical equipment, taking into account forestry operational methods. A suspended automatic feeding and retracting excavation device for tree pits was engineered, and its interaction with soil was investigated by integrating the Discrete Element Method (DEM) with Multi-Flexible Body Dynamics (MFBD). Based on simulation results, the research explored the impact mechanisms of the machine on soil transportation, working load, and fatigue lifespan of the spiral blades for different terrains and operating conditions. The coupling simulation method demonstrated the potential for designing and testing forestry equipment in specific operating environments, reducing time and resource consumption for field testing. Terrain significantly influenced soil disturbance variability, while the effect of operating direction was minor. Operational parameters should consider soil and water conservation, favoring the formation of fish-scale pits. Field tests in forested areas validate the practicality of the apparatus, providing valuable insights for the operation and equipment design of earth augers in hilly regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Forestry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating User-Centric Factors Influencing Smartwatch Adoption and User Experience in the Philippines

by Ma. Janice J. Gumasing, Gilliane Zoe Dennis V. Carrillo, Mickhael Andrei A. De Guzman, Cara Althea R. Suñga, Siegfred Yvan B. Tan, Mellicynt M. Mascariola and Ardvin Kester S. Ong

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5401; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135401 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 78

Abstract

Smartwatches enable users to easily monitor their health, self-quantify, and track various activities. However, manufacturers and researchers in the field of smartwatches must explore and improve perceived usability to enhance the user experience of consumers and increase the device’s adoption rate. Therefore, this [...] Read more.

Smartwatches enable users to easily monitor their health, self-quantify, and track various activities. However, manufacturers and researchers in the field of smartwatches must explore and improve perceived usability to enhance the user experience of consumers and increase the device’s adoption rate. Therefore, this study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of smartwatches among Filipinos, focusing on usability and demographic influences. This is performed by utilizing the UTAUT2 model to examine key factors. External variables are explored, including perceived usability and privacy. To analyze the data acquired, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was conducted. The results indicated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, price value, habit, and behavioral intention significantly influence smartwatch adoption. Habit emerged as positively affecting intention to use and usage behavior. However, facilitating conditions were found not to be significant in influencing intention to use and usage behavior, and privacy was perceived as having an insignificant relationship with the intention to use smartwatches. These findings offer theoretical and practical implications for enhancing smartwatch design and usability, addressing the diverse needs of users, and expanding inclusivity in the market. Full article

12 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating a National Traditional Chinese Medicine Examination via Cognitive Diagnostic Approaches

by Lingling Xu, Zhehan Jiang and Yuting Han

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5400; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135400 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 65

Abstract

: The current research utilized diagnostic classification models (DCMs), an advanced psychometric theory, to evaluate the examination’s quality using psychometric methods for a more precise and comprehensive understanding of health professionals’ competence. Data was gathered from 16,310 fourth-year Traditional Chinese Medicine undergraduates who [...] Read more.

: The current research utilized diagnostic classification models (DCMs), an advanced psychometric theory, to evaluate the examination’s quality using psychometric methods for a more precise and comprehensive understanding of health professionals’ competence. Data was gathered from 16,310 fourth-year Traditional Chinese Medicine undergraduates who completed the Standardized Competence Test for Traditional Chinese Medicine Undergraduates (SCTTCMU) comprising 300 multiple-choice items. The study examined the fundamental assumptions, model-data fit, and cognitive diagnostic theory models’ item and test properties. The generalized deterministic input, noisy, “and” gate model applied in this research demonstrated a strong alignment with the real response data, meeting all the necessary assumptions. Cognitive diagnostic analysis indicated that all items exhibited satisfactory psychometric characteristics, and the reported scores offered insights into candidates’ proficiency in cognitive skills. It is expected that the advent of modern psychometric technology will contribute to the improvement of refined diagnostic information for health professional candidates. Furthermore, this research holds the potential to significantly enhance sustainability in healthcare practices, knowledge, economics, resource use, and community resilience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Educational Assessment: A Powerful Tool for Sustainable Education)

18 pages, 11718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of Drone Remote Sensing to Identify Increased Marine Macro-Litter Contamination Following the Reopening of Salgar Beach (Colombian Caribbean) during Pandemic Restrictions

by Rogério Portantiolo Manzolli and Luana Portz

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5399; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135399 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 59

Abstract

This study involves an integrated and innovative approach employing high-frequency monitoring, which is rare in studies focusing on solid waste on beaches. Eight drone flights were performed over a tourist beach in the Colombian Caribbean to achieve two main objectives: (i) to quantify [...] Read more.

This study involves an integrated and innovative approach employing high-frequency monitoring, which is rare in studies focusing on solid waste on beaches. Eight drone flights were performed over a tourist beach in the Colombian Caribbean to achieve two main objectives: (i) to quantify the changes in marine macro-litter (>2.5 cm) density, focusing on the differences between the period when the beach was closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent reopening period; and (ii) to map changes in the abundance of marine macro-litter on the coast, with an emphasis on single-use waste. The number of items of litter on the beach increased 9-fold between the closed and reopening periods, and the main items found were crisp/sweet packets (n = 304, 13% of the total waste), plastic cups (n = 248, 11%), and expanded polystyrene (food containers) (n = 227, 10%). The factors contributing to the presence and distribution of the marine macro-litter were tourists, the use of the beach, and offshore wind direction. The results revealed that Salgar Beach can be considered a marine macro-litter exporter since waste is incorporated into the longshore current and redistributed either to nearby beaches or the ocean. This study emphasizes the potential for using drone images in an integrated approach to monitoring the presence of marine macro-litter as well as the efficiency of programs for combatting litter at sea. Full article

21 pages, 4489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Analysis of Policy Transmission Flow in the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration in Southwest China: Towards Building an Ecological Protection Network

by Langong Hou, Yingjia Deng, Xiaolan Wang, Tao Liu, Yuanhang Xu and Jing Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5398; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135398 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 61

Abstract

Regional ecological protection is an urgent task in today’s social development, and constructing an ecological protection network is an important way to achieve regional ecological coordination. However, previous studies have lacked a systematic review and analysis of policy document transmission paths, failing to [...] Read more.

Regional ecological protection is an urgent task in today’s social development, and constructing an ecological protection network is an important way to achieve regional ecological coordination. However, previous studies have lacked a systematic review and analysis of policy document transmission paths, failing to consider the spatial network structure and its complex characteristics of regional ecological protection policies, resulting in deficiencies in regional coordinated governance of the ecological environment. To address this gap, this study constructs an ecological policy transmission network lineage for the Chengdu Plain urban agglomeration (CDPUA) based on 400 ecological environmental protection policy documents issued by cities in the CDPUA from 2015 to 2022, focusing on the transmission perspective of policy documents. Social network analysis methods, a GIS spatial analysis, and other methods were employed to construct the ecological protection network of the CDPUA and analyze the complex spatial structure and characteristics of the network. It was found that the integrated ecological protection network of the CDPUA exhibits a multi-core triangular pattern with spatial characteristics of density in the east and sparsity in the west. The integrated ecological protection network has a density of 60.71%, indicating a strong intercity linkage, with Suining as the central nucleus transmitting policies to surrounding cities, forming the Suining–Chengdu–Mianyang policy transmission triangle. The urban agglomeration has formed an ecological protection network dominated by multiple cities, offering diverse and distinct types of ecosystem services. This study provides insights to enhance regional collaborative ecological governance and protection, promoting sustainable development in the region. Full article

9 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessEssay

Challenges and Pathways in Sustainable Rural Resiliencies or/and Resistances

by Angel Paniagua

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5397; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135397 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 101

Abstract

The concept of ‘sustainable rural resiliencies’ has an umbrella consideration for multiple situations. Against the main stream of rural geographical literature, the concept of resistance associated with the concept of resilience is used. The concept of resistance is linked with processes of social [...] Read more.

The concept of ‘sustainable rural resiliencies’ has an umbrella consideration for multiple situations. Against the main stream of rural geographical literature, the concept of resistance associated with the concept of resilience is used. The concept of resistance is linked with processes of social and spatial tensions and change in the rural community, while the concept of resilience is linked to periods of relative stability in the place at different scales. But, little research uses resistance and resilience as a spatial-time process in a complementary way. In this contribution we use resistance and resilience in this perspective, with socio-spatial manifestations at global, national, regional, and local levels, in form of four scalar spheres and styles of complementarity: resilience model of stability, mix model bottom up, mix model from above and resistance model associated with tensions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Rural Resiliencies Challenges, Resistances and Pathways)

21 pages, 1757 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Activities Have Altered Sediment Transport in the Yihe River, the Longest River Originating from Shandong Province, China

by Jiayuan Liu, Shuwei Zheng, Jinkuo Lin, Mengjie Zhao, Yanan Ma, Banghui Chen, Fei Wen, Zhijie Lu and Zijun Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5396; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135396 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 88

Abstract

Climate change and human activities affect regional sediment transport and ecological environment construction. Investigating sediment transport and its influencing factors in the Yihe River Basin (YHRB) will provide guidance for regional soil and water conservation and sustainable development. We analyzed the chronological changes, [...] Read more.

Climate change and human activities affect regional sediment transport and ecological environment construction. Investigating sediment transport and its influencing factors in the Yihe River Basin (YHRB) will provide guidance for regional soil and water conservation and sustainable development. We analyzed the chronological changes, cycles, spatial distribution and influencing factors using Mann–Kendall (M-K) trend analysis, wavelet analysis, and the Pettitt mutation point (PMP) test, then quantified the role of precipitation and human activities in sediment transport changes. The results showed that annual precipitation decreased marginally, whereas sediment load has noticeably declined. Four precipitation cycles were observed: 4–8a, 9–14a, 16–19a, and 20–28a, where 9–14a was dominant; sediment transport cycles were tracked: 3–5a, 9–15a, and 30a, where 30a was dominant with a decreasing trend. The sediment load was higher in the central, northern, and southwestern sub-basins of the YHRB, while it was lower in the southeast. The contribution of human activities and precipitation changes to sediment transport was 73.14% and 26.86% in transitional phase I (1965–1980) and 71.97% and 28.03% in transitional phase II (1981–2020), respectively. Hydraulic engineering construction, water resource development, land-use changes, and soil and water conservation measures intercepted precipitation and sediment, making them the primary factor affecting sediment transport changes in the YHRB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Hydrogeological Research)

16 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Technology-Based Practice on Chinese University Students’ Interpreting Emotions and Performance

by Meihua Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135395 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 102

Abstract

As a critical component of second/foreign language learning, interpreting is both rewarding and highly anxiety-provoking. Yet, the review of the literature shows that studies on interpreting anxiety and other emotions are limited, and intervention studies on reducing interpreting anxiety and increasing confidence in [...] Read more.

As a critical component of second/foreign language learning, interpreting is both rewarding and highly anxiety-provoking. Yet, the review of the literature shows that studies on interpreting anxiety and other emotions are limited, and intervention studies on reducing interpreting anxiety and increasing confidence in interpreting are hardly available. This study employed a quasi-experimental design and explored the effects of technology-based practice on Chinese undergraduate English majors’ interpreting emotions and performance over a 12-week period. There were 44 students in the experimental group with technology-based practice and 46 were in the control group without technology-based practice from a university in Beijing. They took an interpreting test and answered an eight-item interpreting classroom anxiety scale, a nine-item interpreting classroom enjoyment scale, and a three-item interpreting self-efficacy scale prior to (phase 1) and after (phase 2) the intervention. The major findings were: (1) students in both groups became significantly less anxious and more joyful in the interpreting class, had significantly greater interpreting self-efficacy, and performed significantly better in the interpreting test in phase 2, (2) both groups started at a similar level in phase 1, and the experimental group reported a significantly lower interpreting classroom anxiety level, significantly greater interpreting self-efficacy, and higher interpreting test scores than the control group in phase 2, and (3) the learning modes significantly affected the participants’ interpreting classroom anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance. These findings indicate the effects of the intervention and hence enrich the current literature on interpreting emotions. The findings also highlight the importance of technology-based practice in enhancing students’ confidence, self-efficacy, and performance in interpreting, leading to sustainable development in interpreting competence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultivating Sustainable Learners: Investigating the Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Dimensions of College Students)

23 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employer Brand Attractiveness and Organizational Commitment: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support

by Neslihan Onur, Ayse Celik Yetim, Yigit Guven, Ebru Gozen, Derya Ozilhan Ozbey and Gul Coskun Degirmen

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5394; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135394 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 94

Abstract

The primary purpose of this article is to determine the relationship between employer brand attractiveness, which is considered to be critical in achieving sustainable human resource management and organizational commitment, and to reveal the moderating role of perceived organizational support in this relationship. [...] Read more.

The primary purpose of this article is to determine the relationship between employer brand attractiveness, which is considered to be critical in achieving sustainable human resource management and organizational commitment, and to reveal the moderating role of perceived organizational support in this relationship. The research was conducted on the employees of 5-star hotels in Manavgat, one of the most popular tourist destinations in Turkey. Data were collected between June and October 2023. The hypothetical model was developed based on the results obtained and was tested using the AMOS program (IBM SPSS AMOS 22). Accordingly, the Process macro (model 1) was found to be the most appropriate model for determining moderating effects. The results of this study revealed a positive relationship between the economic, social, development, and application dimensions of employer brand attractiveness and organizational commitment. On the other hand, it was concluded that interest value did not have a statistically significant effect on organizational commitment. Moreover, it was also determined in the results of this study that perceived organizational support has a moderating role in the relationship between employer brand attractiveness dimensions and organizational commitment. It is believed that the research findings concerning the relationships between the variables and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support will contribute to filling a gap in the relevant literature. In light of the findings, a number of theoretical and practical implications have been presented for tourism and hospitality organizations and academicians on sustainable human resource management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)

29 pages, 1815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultimate Pit Limit Optimization Method with Integrated Consideration of Ecological Cost, Slope Safety and Benefits: A Case Study of Heishan Open Pit Coal Mine

by Xiaochuan Xu, Zhenguo Zhu, Luqing Ye, Xiaowei Gu, Qing Wang, Yunqi Zhao, Siyi Liu and Yuqi Zhao

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5393; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135393 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 103

Abstract

The ecological impacts of mining and the instability of slopes are the key factors restricting the safe, efficient, and low-carbon production of open-pit mines. This study focused on the ultimate pit limit (UPL) optimization under the concept of sustainability by integrating consideration of [...] Read more.

The ecological impacts of mining and the instability of slopes are the key factors restricting the safe, efficient, and low-carbon production of open-pit mines. This study focused on the ultimate pit limit (UPL) optimization under the concept of sustainability by integrating consideration of the economic benefit, ecological impact, and slope geometry. The integrated UPL optimization model based on the floating cone method was proposed by establishing a quantitative model for ecological impacts arising from open-pit coal mining in arid or semi-arid weak ecological land and a cost calculation model of slope reinforcement based on the Monte Carlo method. The case study revealed that steepening the slope angle of given regions resulted in random variations in the quantity of ore rock and the limit morphology. There was an average economic profit rise of USD 9.54M with every 1° increase in slope angle, but the probability of slope instability and the reinforcement cost grows exponentially. In the arid or semi-arid weak ecological land, the ecological costs exceeded 20% of the mines’ average pure economic gains. The proposed optimization method contributes to obtaining an integrated optimal UPL, improving the benefits and the ore recovery rate. Full article

19 pages, 13663 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Susceptibility of the Xiangka Debris Flow Using Analytic Hierarchy Process, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method, and Cloud Model

by Yan Li, Jianguo Wang, Keping Ju, Shengyun Wei, Zhinan Wang and Jian Hu

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5392; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135392 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 102

Abstract

The seasonal Xiangka debris flow, breaking out frequently in Xinghai County, Qinghai Province, poses a serious threat to resident safety, has significant potential economic impacts, and inflicts severe damage on the geological environment, vegetation, and land resources in the area. Therefore, a susceptibility [...] Read more.

The seasonal Xiangka debris flow, breaking out frequently in Xinghai County, Qinghai Province, poses a serious threat to resident safety, has significant potential economic impacts, and inflicts severe damage on the geological environment, vegetation, and land resources in the area. Therefore, a susceptibility assessment is crucial. Utilizing data from field investigations, meteorology, and remote sensing, this study devised an assessment system using 10 evaluation factors with pronounced regional characteristics as susceptibility indices. Based on data processing using ArcGIS 10.7 and MATLAB R2016B, this study assessed the susceptibility of the Xiangka debris flow using AHP, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and a cloud model. The analysis results show that, based on AHP, the primary index affecting the occurrence of Xiangka debris flow is mainly source factor (0.447). The secondary indices are mainly the length ratio of the mud sand supply section (0.219), fractional vegetation cover (FVC, 0.208), and watershed area (0.192). Combined with the actual characteristics, it can be seen that the formation conditions of the Xiangka debris flow primarily encompass the following: sources such as slope erosion and accumulation at gully exits, challenging topography and terrain conducive to the accumulation of water and solid materials, and water source aspects like surface runoff from intense rainfall. Based on the fuzzy mathematical method—fuzzy coordinate method—cloud model, it is concluded that the degree of susceptibility is mild-to-moderate. The combination of these methods provides a new idea for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the layout of treatment engineering and geological disaster prevention in this area and promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Predictive Modeling through Earth Observational Data Analysis for Natural Hazards Risk Assessment and Disaster Management)

17 pages, 4795 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Reliability, Resilience and Vulnerability of Water Supply from SuDS

by Andrea Sulis, Martina Altana and Gianfranco Sanna

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5391; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135391 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 101

Abstract

In recent decades, the impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle have led to an increase in the frequency and magnitude of urban flooding events, and this is also amplified by the effects of climate change. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) provide a revolutionary [...] Read more.

In recent decades, the impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle have led to an increase in the frequency and magnitude of urban flooding events, and this is also amplified by the effects of climate change. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) provide a revolutionary change in this field, improving the sustainability and resilience of cities. This research explores the integration of different SuDS with the aim of significantly reducing both the flow volume and celerity of floods in a residual urban catchment area of the metropolitan city of Querétaro (Mèxico), where extreme rainfall frequently occurs. This catchment is a representative suburb of urban pressure and environmental degradation problems. Currently, managing storm water under climate uncertainty through a multi-disciplinary approach is a major concern in this urban area. A 1D–2D coupling model of shallow water equations, the finite volume method, an unstructured meshing method, and a hybrid parallel computing application defined the optimal configuration of SuDS at catchment scale to reduce the flood vulnerability in Querétaro. Specifically, in this paper, we explore the management issues of the proposed SuDS configuration that acts as a water resource system with multiple purposes. A generic simulation model called MODSIM was applied to simulate the designed urban drainage system under a balanced IPCC future climate scenario in terms of reliability, resilience and vulnerability against water scarcity. The proposed hierarchical Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability approach appears to be effective in evaluating the system performance, showing that the complete satisfaction of non-essential water uses in Querétaro can be assured at a 65% rate of reliability for a large range of reservoir storage conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Water Management)

18 pages, 969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promotion of Sustainable Products: Can Sustainability Labels Promote User Selection of Environmentally Friendly Products?

by Lex Houf, Andrea Szymkowiak and Lynsay A. Shepherd

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5390; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135390 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 138

Abstract

Sustainable development is growing in importance in today’s climate crisis. With the percentage of sales via digital channels increasing annually and consumers becoming aware of the environmental impact of their choices, a huge opportunity presents itself for promoting sustainable goods online if designers [...] Read more.

Sustainable development is growing in importance in today’s climate crisis. With the percentage of sales via digital channels increasing annually and consumers becoming aware of the environmental impact of their choices, a huge opportunity presents itself for promoting sustainable goods online if designers can find an effective way to raise awareness in consumers. Using a simulated e-commerce site (webshop), we investigated whether the presence or absence of sustainability labels displayed next to product images influenced users’ product selections. There was a significant association between the presentation of sustainability labels and the number of selected sustainable products. Overall, participants were familiar with sustainability labels and indicated willingness to pay ‘extra’ for sustainable products, while there was more variation in the way they felt that sustainability labels influenced their product choices. The findings highlight the complexities of factors influencing purchasing decisions and the need for more design-inspired research in this area. Whilst user interface design may be an effective means to influence sustainable product choices, design should also enable consumers to make informed product choices, while still providing a ‘fair’ e-commerce environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumer Behaviour and Environmental Sustainability)

22 pages, 1710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolutionary Dynamics of Passive Housing Initiatives in New Rural Construction

by Yingrui Ma, Chao Wu, Xindong Wei, Weijun Gao and Lei Sun

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5389; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135389 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 96

Abstract

In the context of China’s ambitious dual carbon goals, this study introduces an innovative reward–penalty incentive mechanism, grounded in evolutionary game theory, to develop a tripartite evolutionary game model concerning the construction of passive rural housing. This research meticulously analyzes the equilibrium and [...] Read more.

In the context of China’s ambitious dual carbon goals, this study introduces an innovative reward–penalty incentive mechanism, grounded in evolutionary game theory, to develop a tripartite evolutionary game model concerning the construction of passive rural housing. This research meticulously analyzes the equilibrium and stability strategies of all involved parties and employs data simulation to examine the influence of varying parameters on the game dynamics. Our findings reveal that the government’s cost–benefit calculations significantly influence its decisions regarding passive housing initiatives. The study identifies optimal cost and benefit strategies for various developmental phases. Furthermore, the level of governmental rewards and penalties plays a crucial role in determining whether enterprises and farmers opt for passive housing solutions. The study establishes the efficacy of different incentive schemes at various stages. Importantly, the economic interests of enterprises and farmers are pivotal in their decision-making process regarding passive housing. The study advocates for a comprehensive set of measures to safeguard these interests, with a special emphasis on protecting farmers. In conclusion, this research offers substantial guidance for policy decisions aimed at transforming existing rural housing into passive housing, thereby aligning with China’s environmental and sustainability objectives. Full article

18 pages, 550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ESG and Firm Risk: Evidence in Korea

by Tokhir Gaybiddinovich Khorilov and Jungmu Kim

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5388; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135388 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 106

Abstract

This study examines the intricate relationship between ESG considerations and risk profiles of firms by presenting a comprehensive analysis of total, systematic, and idiosyncratic risks. Using 7834 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2022 in the Korean market, the findings reveal that ESG engagement [...] Read more.

This study examines the intricate relationship between ESG considerations and risk profiles of firms by presenting a comprehensive analysis of total, systematic, and idiosyncratic risks. Using 7834 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2022 in the Korean market, the findings reveal that ESG engagement effectively reduces total, systematic, and idiosyncratic risks. Especially noteworthy is the fact that the reduction in systematic risk, a discovery associated with ESG engagement in medium-sized firms, remains concealed when examining only the total risk. During the COVID-19 crisis, ESG remained valuable in lowering total and idiosyncratic risks but paradoxically increased systematic risk in certain circumstances. These findings emphasize the risk-mitigating potential of ESG, advocating customized strategies based on firm size. They also underscore the resilience of firms that are dedicated to ESG practices during a crisis. Investors may enhance risk-adjusted returns and mitigate overall portfolio risk by integrating ESG factors into their investment strategies, with the importance of tailoring such strategies emphasized, while governments should develop policies incentivizing ESG engagement and allocating resources for ESG-related initiatives. Full article

18 pages, 26452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Historic Center by Using Network Analysis with Mental Mapping Method: The Case Study of Amasra, Turkey

by Pelin Şahin Körmeçli

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5387; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135387 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 111

Abstract

The history of the Amasra city center dates back 3000 years with its Fortress and City Walls, which are on the UNESCO temporary heritage list, and the important historical buildings around it. However, the ongoing controversy on Amasra’s conservation plan has revealed the [...] Read more.

The history of the Amasra city center dates back 3000 years with its Fortress and City Walls, which are on the UNESCO temporary heritage list, and the important historical buildings around it. However, the ongoing controversy on Amasra’s conservation plan has revealed the difficulties of developing an approach that understands the historic fabric. In this context, the social relations of the urban images in Amasra, which is located on an archeological site and has an urban identity with its historical buildings, need to be analyzed. The aim of this study is to present an evaluation model that analyzes the network map of the places that create the urban image in the historic center of Amasra using visual methods. The urban images that form the historical identity in Amasra were mapped using the mental mapping method and developed using network analysis on the Graph Commons platform. The network analysis includes cluster and centrality metrics, which helps to understand social relationships in the network map according to its algorithm. The main focus area and central actors were explored with the simulation obtained by using this proposed model. The study results showed that the evaluation model is effective in understanding the formation mechanism of the historical center of the social networks between the architectural structures in Amasra. This study contributes to development in terms of enhancing historical identity and revitalizing the city images with tourism by evaluating the spatial structure of Amasra. Full article

15 pages, 621 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Greener Futures: Investigating the Nexus of Social, Human, and Institutional Capital in Sustainable Waste Management

by Piera Cascioli, Dario D’Ingiullo, Donatella Furia, Iacopo Odoardi and Davide Quaglione

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5386; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135386 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 122

Abstract

Sustainable development is increasingly recognized for its reliance on grassroots, bottom-up practices embedded in local communities. The economic literature has tested various influencing factors on household behaviors, such as culture or social cohesion, often considering proxies of so-called “intangible capitals” separately. This article [...] Read more.

Sustainable development is increasingly recognized for its reliance on grassroots, bottom-up practices embedded in local communities. The economic literature has tested various influencing factors on household behaviors, such as culture or social cohesion, often considering proxies of so-called “intangible capitals” separately. This article aims to jointly consider the pivotal role of three of these potential capitals that could have a trigger effect on pro-environmental behaviors, specifically, social capital (sc), human capital (hc), and institutional quality (iq). In particular, our study, by adopting a PVAR approach, analyzes if and to what extent sc, hc, and iq influence the priority goal of increasing waste-sorting practices in the 20 Italian regions. Additionally, rooted in a robust theoretical framework, we present an in-depth analysis, with the trend of impulses from statistically significant variables—having observed the important roles played by hc, sc, and particularly iq, as well as the control variables GDP per capita and population density—in increasing the percentage of waste sorting. This impulse analysis suggests for policy interventions that there would be immediate effects (1–2 years) due to the improvement of our intangible capitals, but also a short duration. This suggests the need for lasting and structural interventions. Full article

21 pages, 2324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Urban–Rural Total Factor Flow Efficiency Based on Multiple Symbiosis: Insights from 27 Provinces in China

by Xiangmei Zhu, Huwei Cao and Shaohua Guo

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5385; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135385 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 129

Abstract

The rational flow of production factors is crucial for promoting benign interactions between urban and rural areas. To unveil the intrinsic mechanisms of factor flow pathways promoting mutual symbiosis between urban and rural areas, this study, based on symbiosis theory, takes total factor [...] Read more.

The rational flow of production factors is crucial for promoting benign interactions between urban and rural areas. To unveil the intrinsic mechanisms of factor flow pathways promoting mutual symbiosis between urban and rural areas, this study, based on symbiosis theory, takes total factor flow including land, technology, capital, and labor as inputs and urban–rural symbiosis level as output. Utilizing the Super-Efficiency Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model, this study calculates the urban–rural total factor flow efficiency of 27 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 and explores specific improvement directions of urban–rural factor flow based on projection analysis. This study revealed the following findings: (1) The overall efficiency of urban–rural total factor flow in China shows a fluctuating upward trend but has not yet reached an effective state. There are significant regional disparities, with 8 provinces such as Guangdong and Fujian reaching Pareto optimality, while the remaining 19 provinces exhibit varying degrees of inefficiency. (2) Provinces with insufficient symbiotic production are mainly concentrated in the central and western regions and the northeast region, with 14 provinces including Inner Mongolia showing the inadequate transformation of urban–rural symbiosis. However, except for Hainan, the situation is gradually improving in other regions annually. (3) There is input redundancy in total factor, where land, labor, and capital redundancy are the main reasons for the inefficiency of urban–rural total factor flow in China. However, trends show that the redundancy of land, labor, and capital elements is improving annually, while technology redundancy is worsening. (4) Through a comprehensive analysis of input redundancy, output deficiency, symbiosis coefficient, and efficiency, this study categorizes the impact of factor flow on urban–rural symbiosis level into basic matching, redundancy, and comprehensive scarcity types. The research provides scientific guidance for promoting sustainable development through the rational flow of total factors and offers valuable insights for similar countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

16 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Income Distribution Effects of the Belt and Road Initiative

by Xiangxu Meng and Dian Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5384; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135384 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 99

Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) adheres to the principles of inclusive development, shared business interests, and collaborative construction. This paper empirically investigates the impact of the BRI on domestic income inequality in participating countries using national panel data from 2008 to 2023 [...] Read more.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) adheres to the principles of inclusive development, shared business interests, and collaborative construction. This paper empirically investigates the impact of the BRI on domestic income inequality in participating countries using national panel data from 2008 to 2023 and employing a difference-in-differences methodology. The findings indicate that the BRI significantly reduces domestic income inequality in participating countries. This effect is consistent across different geographic locations but is more pronounced in countries with lower levels of economic development. The economic channel analysis reveals that the BRI facilitates trade, which, in turn, reduces income inequality by promoting the industrial upgrading and optimizing the comparative advantages of the host countries. The political channel analysis shows that the BRI enhances governance capacities in participating countries, further contributing to the reduction in income disparity. Extended analyses suggest that the BRI significantly boosts the economic development levels of participating countries, and this positive effect is uniformly distributed across various economies. These findings provide empirical support for the mutually beneficial industrial relationships and inclusive development fostered by the BRI between China and its participating countries. Full article

38 pages, 790 KiB

Open AccessReview

Predictors of Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Adolescence: A Scoping Review

by Anne-Sophie Denault, Maxim Bouchard, Jasmine Proulx, François Poulin, Véronique Dupéré, Isabelle Archambault and Marie Denise Lavoie

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5383; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135383 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 115

Abstract

Today’s adolescents will inevitably face the negative effects of climate change and will need to engage in pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) as part of the solutions. The primary objective of this scoping review was to identify the individual, peer and family, and school and [...] Read more.

Today’s adolescents will inevitably face the negative effects of climate change and will need to engage in pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) as part of the solutions. The primary objective of this scoping review was to identify the individual, peer and family, and school and community predictors of PEB in adolescence. The secondary objectives were to highlight the main types of PEBs, the main conceptual frameworks examined in adolescence, and the main research gaps mentioned in prior studies. A bibliographic search on multiple databases was conducted. Among the 2578 records identified, 209 were retrieved and assessed for eligibility, and 62 met the inclusion criteria (i.e., peer-reviewed primary research articles published in English in the last ten years with adolescent data). Results reveal a heterogeneous set of correlates with an imbalance favoring individual correlates. The most frequent PEBs in the reviewed studies were linked to energy and water conservation. The most frequent theoretical frameworks were the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value–Belief–Norm Theory, while the most frequently highlighted research gap was the use of cross-sectional designs. These results can inform the targets of interventions aimed at increasing PEBs, which are fundamental aspects of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

18 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nexus of Human Development and Environmental Quality in Low-Income and Developing Countries: Do Renewable Energy and Good Governance Matter?

by Mohammad Mafizur Rahman and Nahid Sultana

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5382; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135382 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 117

Abstract

The relationship between human development and environmental quality has been explored in this study by examining the human-development status and carbon (CO₂)-emissions levels of 60 countries from the low, lower-middle, and upper-middle income categories. The roles of renewable energy and some [...] Read more.

The relationship between human development and environmental quality has been explored in this study by examining the human-development status and carbon (CO₂)-emissions levels of 60 countries from the low, lower-middle, and upper-middle income categories. The roles of renewable energy and some economic and institutional factors such as GDP, the rule of law, regulatory quality, and corruption control have also been investigated to ascertain their impacts on the relationship. The empirical investigations apply the generalized method of moments (GMM), fixed effects (FE), and random effects (RE) methods, and the long-run associations among the variables are investigated by applying the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques. The robust findings support the trade-off relationship between human development and environmental quality in the selected low-income and developing countries. With evidence of an environmental Kuznets’s relationship between economic growth and environmental quality, these findings reveal that the measures pursued to improve human-development status have a contributory impact on CO₂ emissions in the selected countries. However, an increased demand for renewable energy, effective enforcement of the rule of law, and improved control over corruption have a mitigating effect on CO₂ emissions. The result has also highlighted the policy issues instrumental to increased emissions levels in these countries. Consequently, it is recommended to formulate policies for resolving disparities within the various dimensions of human development while also making deliberate investments in the socio-economic aspects of human development to ensure both sustainable human development and environmental quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)

21 pages, 338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stay Vigilant in Peace Time? Antitakeover Provisions and Corporate Social Responsibility

by Zhiying Hu, Xiaobei Huang, Yunling Song and Wenhui Jin

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5381; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135381 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 117

Abstract

We examine how antitakeover provisions (ATPs) impact corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure for Chinese listed firms. The empirical results show that the level of CSR disclosure is positively related to the level of ATPs, and this relationship is primarily observed in State-Owned Enterprises [...] Read more.

We examine how antitakeover provisions (ATPs) impact corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure for Chinese listed firms. The empirical results show that the level of CSR disclosure is positively related to the level of ATPs, and this relationship is primarily observed in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Further evidence indicates that this association is most prevalent in observations with lower efficiency or higher legitimacy pressures. Our paper provides new evidence on the mixed motivations for CSR disclosure in Chinese firms and offers insights into the moderating effects of ATPs in the context of weak corporate governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability, Accounting, and Business Strategies)

43 pages, 2525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Kerch Peninsula in Transition: A Comprehensive Analysis and Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes over Thirty Years

by Denis Krivoguz

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5380; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135380 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 140

Abstract

This study presents an in-depth analysis of land use and land cover change on the Kerch Peninsula over a period spanning three decades. Convolutional neural networks were employed in conjunction with satellite imagery analysis to map and quantify the changes in land use [...] Read more.

This study presents an in-depth analysis of land use and land cover change on the Kerch Peninsula over a period spanning three decades. Convolutional neural networks were employed in conjunction with satellite imagery analysis to map and quantify the changes in land use and cover. This revealed significant trends and transformations within the peninsula’s landscape. The analysis revealed a notable increase in urban expansion, particularly at the expense of natural ecosystems. Furthermore, there was a notable reversion of agricultural lands to grasslands, driven by economic downturns and reduced agricultural activity. These land cover changes underscore the urgency of implementing sustainable land management policies. The study recommends the establishment of conservation easements to protect remaining natural ecosystems, the initiation of reforestation programs to restore degraded lands, and the development of comprehensive water management strategies to address the peninsula’s hydrological challenges. Furthermore, the study underscores the pivotal importance of integrating change analysis and predictive modeling to anticipate future land cover scenarios and inform effective land management strategies. The model developed through this research, which employs advanced remote sensing and GIS technologies, provides a robust framework for understanding and managing land use and land cover change. This model can serve as a reference for similar regions globally, offering insights that can inform sustainable land use practices and policy decisions. The findings of this study have implications that extend beyond the Kerch Peninsula. They provide insights that can inform the management of land use changes and the conservation of natural landscapes in regions facing comparable socio-economic and environmental challenges. Full article

19 pages, 746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Asphalt Binder Durability Using Sustainable Materials: A Rheological and Chemical Analysis of Polymer-, Rubber-, and Epoxy-Modified Asphalt Binders

by Anas Abualia, Moses Akentuna, Louay N. Mohammad, Samuel B. Cooper III and Samuel B. Cooper, Jr.

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5379; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135379 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 119

Abstract

When exposed to sun radiation and heat, asphalt binders age, resulting in reduced flexibility, cracking, and pavement failure. Given the increasing demands of traffic, environmental concerns, and resource scarcity, highway agencies and researchers are actively seeking solutions that meet performance requirements and demonstrate [...] Read more.

When exposed to sun radiation and heat, asphalt binders age, resulting in reduced flexibility, cracking, and pavement failure. Given the increasing demands of traffic, environmental concerns, and resource scarcity, highway agencies and researchers are actively seeking solutions that meet performance requirements and demonstrate awareness of using non-renewable resources. Epoxy asphalt (EA) promotes sustainability concepts due to its production at significantly lower mixing and compaction temperatures, enhanced durability, improved serviceability, reduced maintenance needs, and successful recycling and reuse in hot asphalt mixtures. Crumb rubber, a widely recognized recycled waste tire material, is considered a viable option for promoting sustainability and enhancing asphalt binder properties. This study aims to enhance the durability and long-term performance of asphalt binders by utilizing sustainable materials. Six types of asphalt binders were employed: PG 67-22 base asphalt binder; styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified PG 76-22 and PG 88-22H (3.5% and 7.0% dosage rates, respectively); a hybrid PG 76-22CS-modified asphalt binder prepared with SBS and crumb rubber modifiers; and 25EAB and 50EAB epoxy-modified asphalt binders prepared at 25 and 50% dosage rates, respectively. Results indicate that the sustainable asphalt binders PG 76-22CS, 25EAB, and 50EAB demonstrated comparable or superior performance compared to SBS-modified asphalt binders, as measured by rutting and fatigue factors. Additionally, epoxy asphalt binders had better anti-aging and cracking resistance, as shown by the outcomes of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and linear amplitude sweep tests, respectively. This study contributes valuable insights into the potential of sustainable materials to enhance the overall performance and resilience of asphalt binders. Full article

24 pages, 5551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Defining Sustainable Placemaking in Spatial Planning: Lessons from a South African Case Study

by Wessel Strydom, Karen Puren and Ernst Drewes

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5378; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su16135378 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 127

Abstract

This study explores the concept of sustainable placemaking from a spatial planning perspective, focusing on Marabastad, a township in South Africa. Drawing on the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals, this research seeks to understand how placemaking can contribute to the creation [...] Read more.

This study explores the concept of sustainable placemaking from a spatial planning perspective, focusing on Marabastad, a township in South Africa. Drawing on the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals, this research seeks to understand how placemaking can contribute to the creation of liveable, resilient, and sustainable human settlements. Through a review of the placemaking literature and a case study, this study examines the evolution of placemaking towards sustainability and its application in diverse cultural, geographic, and socio-economic contexts. The findings reveal the importance of creating and enhancing places that are environmentally responsible, socially inclusive, economically viable, and culturally meaningful. The Marabastad case study illustrates the challenges and possibilities of sustainable placemaking in a multicultural and urbanising community. Economic interventions (e.g., tourism promotion and community markets), social interventions (e.g., education and community events), and environmental interventions (e.g., infrastructure upgrades and preservation of cultural sites) are proposed to address the complex challenges faced by Marabastad. This study emphasises the role of spatial planners in advancing theories and practises of sustainable placemaking, highlighting the need for context-specific approaches to promote inclusive and resilient urban environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Regions and Cities: Improvements in Planning and the Inhabitants’ Quality of Life)

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Sustainability, Volume 16, Issue 13 (July-1 2024) – 134 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI