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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Fungal Secondary Metabolites
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Fungal Secondary Metabolites

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi and Their Metabolites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2020) | Viewed by 23854

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yoko Takahashi

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Microbiology for Drug Discovery, Kitasato Institute for Life Science, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
Interests: applied microbiology; isolation and taxonomy of Actinomycetes; natural substances from microorganisms; development of isolation methods for unknown microorganisms
Prof. Dr. Gary A. Strobel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Interests: endophytic fungi; secondary products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eubacteria and fungi have been mainly used for searching for biologically active substances derived from microorganisms. Among eubacteria, actinomycetes, a producer of streptomycin and avermectin, has been used as a search source for antibiotics. In these processes, gentamicin, amphotericin B, tacrolimus, etc., were discovered and contributed greatly to humanity as pharmaceuticals. “Actinomycetes” was planned as a Special Issue of Antibiotics in 2018, and many interesting reviews were published.

On the other hand, penicillin, discovered as a metabolite of fungi in 1929 by Alexander Fleming, has contributed greatly to human survival as an anti-infective agent, and its improved analogs are still the most frequently used antibiotics. The reason for this is that its mechanism of action is the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and shows excellent selective toxicity. The statin compounds also produced by fungi are widely used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for antihyperlipidemia or arteriosclerosis. Micafungin, having effective activity against Asperugilus or Candida infection, were also found from secondary metabolites of fungi.

According to the Dictionary of Natural Products (2018 edition), the compounds produced by eubacteria or fungi are almost half each. Therefore, in this Special Issue we will focus on fungi, especially microscopic fungi, and we would like to address the diversity and efficacy of the produced compounds, the relation between characteristic forms and substance production, and recent topics.

Prof. Dr. Yoko Takahashi
Prof. Dr. Gary A. Strobel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microbiology
  • filamentous fungi
  • antibiotics
  • secondary metabolites
  • bioactive substances
  • diversity of structure
  • mode of action
  • biosynthesis
  • anti-infective
  • genetic engineering
  • genome mining
  • isolation
  • cultivation
  • screening
  • extreme habitats

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 13634 KiB  
Article
Examining Safety of Biocolourants from Fungal and Plant Sources-Examples from Cortinarius and Tapinella, Salix and Tanacetum spp. and Dyed Woollen Fabrics
by Riikka Räisänen, Anja Primetta, Sari Nikunen, Ulla Honkalampi, Heli Nygren, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Ina Vanden Berghe and Atte von Wright
Antibiotics 2020, 9(5), 266; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9050266 - 20 May 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4440
Abstract
Biocolourants have been investigated as alternatives to synthetic dyes. However, natural origin per se is not a label of harmlessness and research is needed to obtain safe dyes. We studied the cytotoxicity of the extracts from fungal (Cortinarius semisanguineus, Tapinella atrotomentosa [...] Read more.
Biocolourants have been investigated as alternatives to synthetic dyes. However, natural origin per se is not a label of harmlessness and research is needed to obtain safe dyes. We studied the cytotoxicity of the extracts from fungal (Cortinarius semisanguineus, Tapinella atrotomentosa) and plant (Tanacetum vulgare, Salix phylicifolia) sources and the woollen fabrics dyed with the extracts. Cytotoxicity in vitro using hepa-1 mouse hepatoma cells for 24 h and 72 h exposure was observed as the highest tolerated dose. All biocolourants produced intensive colour on fabrics with fastness properties from moderate to good. The Salix and Cortinarius samples did not show any cytotoxic effects, whereas the Tanacetum and Tapinella samples had slightly higher test values but were not interpreted as being significantly toxic. Higher than zero values of the undyed fabrics showed the importance of examining their toxicity as well. It was found that the cytotoxicity of the samples dyed with the biocolourants did not differ significantly from the undyed wool fabric. The concentrations of dyes used in the assays were very low, imitating the dose of the user. In addition to colouring properties, natural dyes may have pharmaceutical and antibacterial properties which would enhance the interest in using them in products for added value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Secondary Metabolites)
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8 pages, 1002 KiB  
Article
Thioporidiols A and B: Two New Sulfur Compounds Discovered by Molybdenum-Catalyzed Oxidation Screening from Trichoderma polypori FKI-7382
by Hirotaka Matsuo, Yoshihiko Noguchi, Rei Miyano, Mayuka Higo, Kenichi Nonaka, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Yōko Takahashi, Satoshi Ōmura and Takuji Nakashima
Antibiotics 2020, 9(5), 236; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9050236 - 07 May 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2305
Abstract
Two new sulfur compounds, designated thioporidiol A (1) and B (2), were discovered by the MoS-screening program from a culture broth of Trichoderma polypori FKI-7382. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined as C13 lipid structures with an [...] Read more.
Two new sulfur compounds, designated thioporidiol A (1) and B (2), were discovered by the MoS-screening program from a culture broth of Trichoderma polypori FKI-7382. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined as C13 lipid structures with an N-acetylcysteine moiety. The relative configuration at the C-5 and C-6 position of 1 was determined by the derivatives of α-methoxy-α-phenylacetic acid diesters, and the absolute configuration of the N-acetylcysteine moiety was determined by advanced Marfey’s analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for anti-microbial, cytotoxic and anti-malarial activities. Compound 2 exhibited anti-microbial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 64548. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Secondary Metabolites)
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17 pages, 1792 KiB  
Article
An Endophytic Diaporthe apiculatum Produces Monoterpenes with Inhibitory Activity against Phytopathogenic Fungi
by Xiao-Yu Song, Huihua Wang, Fei Ren, Kaiying Wang, Guiming Dou, Xing Lv, Dong-Hui Yan and Gary Strobel
Antibiotics 2019, 8(4), 231; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics8040231 - 22 Nov 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3542
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytic fungi are becoming a potential antibiotic resource. The inhibitive effects of VOCs produced by an endophytic fungus in Leucaena leucocephala were investigated on plant pathogens in this study. Using standard morphological methods and multigene phylogeny, the fungus [...] Read more.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytic fungi are becoming a potential antibiotic resource. The inhibitive effects of VOCs produced by an endophytic fungus in Leucaena leucocephala were investigated on plant pathogens in this study. Using standard morphological methods and multigene phylogeny, the fungus was identified as Diaporthe apiculatum strain FPYF 3052. Utilizing a two- compartment Petri plate bioassay method, the VOCs from this fungus showed bioactivity ranging from 23.8% to 66.7% inhibition on eight plant pathogens within 24 hours. The SPME-GC/MS technique identified fifteen volatile compounds with dominant terpenoids γ-terpinene (39.8%), α-terpinene (17.2%), and (-)-4-terpineol (8.4%) from the VOCs. Commercial α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, and (-)-4-terpineol demonstrated inhibition on the tested pathogens at concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 µl/ml within 72 h in the bioassay system. The inhibition rates were from 28% to 100% percent using 1.0 µl/ml within 48 h. (-)-4-Terpineol was the most active of the terpenoids causing up to 100% inhibition. The data illustrate that these monoterpenes play an important role in the inhibitive bioactivity of the VOCs of D. apiculatum FPYF 3052. Most importantly, (-)-4-terpineol is now for the first time, reported to have capability of strong antifungal activity and could be developed as an antibiotic substance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Secondary Metabolites)
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Review

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18 pages, 1356 KiB  
Review
Review on Current Status of Echinocandins Use
by Martyna Mroczyńska and Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska
Antibiotics 2020, 9(5), 227; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9050227 - 02 May 2020
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 6298
Abstract
Fungal infections are rising all over the world every year. There are only five medical compound classes for treatment: triazoles, echinocandins, polyenes, flucytosine and allylamine. Currently, echinocandins are the most important compounds, because of their wide activity spectrum and much lower sides effects [...] Read more.
Fungal infections are rising all over the world every year. There are only five medical compound classes for treatment: triazoles, echinocandins, polyenes, flucytosine and allylamine. Currently, echinocandins are the most important compounds, because of their wide activity spectrum and much lower sides effects that may occur during therapy with other drugs. Echinocandins are secondary metabolites of fungi, which can inhibit the biosynthesis of β-(1,3)-D-glucan. These compounds have fungicidal and fungistatic activity depending on different genera of fungi, against which they are used. Echinocandin resistance is rare—the major cause of resistance is mutations in the gene encoding the β-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase enzyme. In this review of the literature we have summarized the characteristics of echinocandins, the mechanism of their antifungal activity with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and the resistance issue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Secondary Metabolites)
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24 pages, 842 KiB  
Review
Antitumor Potential of Seaweed Derived-Endophytic Fungi
by Thaiz Rodrigues Teixeira, Gustavo Souza dos Santos, Lorene Armstrong, Pio Colepicolo and Hosana Maria Debonsi
Antibiotics 2019, 8(4), 205; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics8040205 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6347
Abstract
The marine environment presents a high biodiversity and a valuable source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic and biotechnological potential. Among the organisms present in marine environment, the endophytic fungi isolated from seaweed stand out. These microorganisms have aroused interest in the scientific community [...] Read more.
The marine environment presents a high biodiversity and a valuable source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic and biotechnological potential. Among the organisms present in marine environment, the endophytic fungi isolated from seaweed stand out. These microorganisms have aroused interest in the scientific community regarding its various activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective, cytotoxic, genotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, besides establishing important ecological relations with its hosts. Anticancer molecules derived from marine natural sources are a promising target against different types of cancer. The disease’s high rates of morbidity and mortality affect millions of people world wild and the search for new therapeutic alternatives is needed. Thus, this review partially summarizes the methodologies for the isolation of seaweed-derived endophytic fungi, as well as describes the anticancer compounds isolated from such microorganisms, reported in the literature from 2009 to the present. In addition, it describes how some biotechnological processes can help in the discovery of bioactive compounds, especially with anticancer activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Secondary Metabolites)
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