Antibiotics

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Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant problem in humans and animals worldwide. The extensive and non-selective use of antibiotics has resulted in the rise of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial agents, hence limiting the available treatment options for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. To control antimicrobial resistance (AMR), it is imperative to engage in the systematic surveillance of AMR infection dissemination. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies that can control antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. These approaches include, but are not limited to, probiotics, prebiotics, antivirulence and quorum sensing inhibitors, small molecules, peptides, essential oils, nanoparticles and vaccines. This Special Issue welcomes high-quality original research papers on topics related to antibiotic alternatives.

Dr. Yosra A. Helmy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

antimicrobial resistance diagnosis and surveillance
antibiotic alternatives and development of novel drugs
whole-genome sequencing
gut microbiota
infectious pathogens in animals and humans

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Oxygen Concentration Reduces Neisseria gonorrhoeae Susceptibility to Resazurin

by Justin Rice, Jordan Gibson, Emily Young, Kendall Souder, Kailee Cunningham and Deanna M. Schmitt

Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics13050395 - 26 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to every antibiotic currently approved for the treatment of gonorrhea, prompting the development of new therapies. The phenoxazine dye resazurin exhibits robust antimicrobial activity against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro but fails to limit vaginal colonization by N. gonorrhoeae in a mouse model. The lack of in vivo efficacy may be due to oxygen limitation as in vitro susceptibility assays with resazurin are conducted under atmospheric oxygen while a microaerophilic environment is present in the vagina. Here, we utilized broth microdilution assays to determine the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to resazurin under low and atmospheric oxygen conditions. The minimal inhibitory concentration of resazurin for multiple N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates was significantly higher under low oxygen. This effect was specific to resazurin as N. gonorrhoeae was equally susceptible to other antibiotics under low and atmospheric oxygen conditions. The reduced susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to resazurin under low oxygen was largely attributed to reduced oxidative stress, as the addition of antioxidants under atmospheric oxygen mimicked the reduced susceptibility to resazurin observed under low oxygen. Together, these data suggest oxygen concentration is an important factor to consider when evaluating the efficacy of new antibiotics against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens)

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Review

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55 pages, 1563 KiB

Open AccessReview

Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections

by Bibek Lamichhane, Asmaa M. M. Mawad, Mohamed Saleh, William G. Kelley, Patrick J. Harrington II, Cayenne W. Lovestad, Jessica Amezcua, Mohamed M. Sarhan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Hazem Ramadan, Melissa Morgan and Yosra A. Helmy

Antibiotics 2024, 13(1), 76; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics13010076 - 13 Jan 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3572

Abstract

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Salmonella is highly pathogenic and encompasses more than 2600 characterized serovars. The transmission of Salmonella to humans occurs through the farm-to-fork continuum and is commonly linked to the consumption of animal-derived food products. Among these sources, poultry and poultry products are primary contributors, followed by beef, pork, fish, and non-animal-derived food such as fruits and vegetables. While antibiotics constitute the primary treatment for salmonellosis, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains have highlighted the urgency of developing antibiotic alternatives. Effective infection management necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen’s epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Therefore, this comprehensive review focuses on the epidemiology, sources of infection, risk factors, transmission dynamics, and the host range of Salmonella serotypes. This review also investigates the disease characteristics observed in both humans and animals, antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and potential strategies for treatment and control of salmonellosis, emphasizing the most recent antibiotic-alternative approaches for infection control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens)

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