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Antibiotics
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Use of Large Databases Related to Infectious Diseases in Primary...
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Use of Large Databases Related to Infectious Diseases in Primary Care

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 3316

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carl Llor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Unit for General Practice, Univeristy of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Interests: rational use of antibiotics; respiratory tract infections; urinary tract infections; point-of-care tests; primary health care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years we have seen an increasing number of mainly epidemiological studies using high-quality and representative large databases of anonymised medical records, containing medical records from primary care health care professionals. A key strength of these large databases is the huge number of medical records. These databases contain data on demographics, symptoms and signs, tests performed, diagnoses, treatments (antibiotics and non-antibiotic therapies), addictions, and health-related behaviours, among others, with linkages to secondary care and mortality data.

This huge number of medical records allows epidemiological associations to be investigated in more detail and estimated with a higher level of statistical precision than is possible with smaller data sources. This is of particular importance for the study of rare exposures and events, as well as uncommon complications, such as the number of complications when withholding antibiotic therapies. Many of these large databases permit a long-term follow-up, enabling researchers to study long-term outcomes. In this Special Issue, we are planning to compile original research articles, short communications, reviews, case reports, and perspectives that cover the consumption of antimicrobials or the study of anything related to infectious diseases in primary care.

Dr. Carl Llor
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Urinary Tract Infections in Men in Primary Care in Catalonia, Spain
by Silvia Fernández-García, Ana Moragas Moreno, Maria Giner-Soriano, Rosa Morros, Dan Ouchi, Ana García-Sangenís, Mònica Monteagudo, Ramon Monfà and Carl Llor
Antibiotics 2023, 12(11), 1611; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics12111611 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1094
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global problem that is primarily driven by the excessive and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent in primary health care (PHC) and are typically treated with antibiotics. There is ample evidence on the management [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global problem that is primarily driven by the excessive and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent in primary health care (PHC) and are typically treated with antibiotics. There is ample evidence on the management of this condition in women but not in men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of UTIs in men in Catalonia, Spain. We conducted a population-based observational cohort study that included male patients diagnosed with UTI within our SIDIAP and CMBD database during the period from 2012 to 2021. UTI diagnoses were grouped into five main groups (cystitis, prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, and pyelonephritis). Of the 316,762 men with at least one recorded UTI episode, the majority were registered with a diagnosis of cystitis in PHC (212,958 patients). Quinolones were the most commonly recorded treatment for UTIs (between 18.3% and 38.6%, depending on the group), except for urethritis in which a combination of antibiotics (36.7%) was most frequently used. The treatment duration period was between 9 days and 18 days, except for the prostatitis group, in which treatment was extended to 21 days. Urine cultures were documented in up to 30% in the cystitis group. Pyelonephritis was the category linked to most septicemia cases (3.0%). Conclusions: This is the first study to assess UTIs in men using a large PHC database in Spain. The sociodemographic characteristics of our sample are similar to other studies in the literature. In our setting, the use of quinolones for the treatment of UTIs is the most registered, and its duration was between 9 days and 18 days, despite the fact that resistance to quinolones exceeds 20% of the strains in our area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Large Databases Related to Infectious Diseases in Primary Care)
12 pages, 1161 KiB  
Article
Outpatient Antibiotic and Antiviral Utilization Patterns in Patients Tested for Respiratory Pathogens in the United States: A Real-World Database Study
by Jenny Tse, Aimee M. Near, Mindy Cheng, James Karichu, Brian Lee and Susan N. Chang
Antibiotics 2022, 11(8), 1058; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics11081058 - 04 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1777
Abstract
This retrospective observational study evaluated outpatient treatment patterns among patients with molecular-based viral diagnostic testing for suspected upper respiratory tract infections in the United States. Patients with a respiratory viral test were identified from 1 August 2016 to 1 July 2019 in a [...] Read more.
This retrospective observational study evaluated outpatient treatment patterns among patients with molecular-based viral diagnostic testing for suspected upper respiratory tract infections in the United States. Patients with a respiratory viral test were identified from 1 August 2016 to 1 July 2019 in a large national reference laboratory database linked to IQVIA’s prescription and medical claims databases. Antibiotic and influenza antiviral treatment patterns were reported up to 7 days post-test result. Predictors of antibiotic utilization were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Among 9561 patients included in the study, 24.6% had evidence of ≥1 filled antibiotic prescription. Antibiotic utilization was higher in patients who tested negative for all viral targets (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.50) and patients positive for non-influenza viruses (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09–1.51) compared with those influenza-positive only. Age ≥ 50 years and location outside of the northeast United States also predicted antibiotic utilization. Influenza antivirals were more common in influenza-positive patients compared with patients with other test results (32.5% vs. 3.6–9.0%). Thus, in this real-world study, antibiotic utilization was elevated in patients positive for non-influenza viruses, although antibiotics would generally not be indicated. Further research on pairing diagnostic tools with outpatient antibiotic stewardship programs is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Large Databases Related to Infectious Diseases in Primary Care)
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