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Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects...
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Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 52366

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. António José Madeira Nogueira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
Interests: chemistry and food quality; quality control and chemical characterization; sustainable processes and products; chronic kidney disease; renal fibrosis; drinking water quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea Luísa Fernandes Afonso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Public Health Laboratory, Local Health Unitof Nordest, 5300-146 Bragança, Portugal
Interests: natural products; bioactive proprieties; drinking water; quality control; antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last years, the intake of food products composed of artificial compounds/additives has motivated many discussions because of the potential adverse effects of these substances on consumer health. Therefore, many food companies have started to substitute these additives (chemically produced or chemically modified after extraction) with natural equivalents in order to meet current consumer expectations for safer and healthy foods. In this sense, functional foods and natural products are constituted of several compounds, and many of which have bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, and numerous supplementary properties. Bioactive compounds are chemical components that have been described as containing vitamins, minerals, fibers, sugars, and phenolic compounds with potential health-beneficial activities, protecting against inflammatory chronic diseases such as diabetes, as well as cancers, ageing, and others. Therefore, these bioactive molecules can be used as food supplements or additives for many foods, protecting or promoting health.

Prof. Dr. António José Madeira Nogueira
Dr. Andrea Luísa Fernandes Afonso
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural products
  • bioactive compounds
  • water quality
  • antioxidants
  • anti-inflammatory
  • antimicrobial
  • anticytotoxic
  • cell proliferation and apoptosis

Published Papers (22 papers)

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20 pages, 2397 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different Nuts Oil Consumption on Morphological Features and Some Biomarkers of Inflammation in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis (AIA) Rat Model
by Samiyah K. Al-Shammari, Doha M. Al-Nouri, Shaista Arzoo and Laila Naif Al-Harbi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3318; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13053318 - 05 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1940
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of different dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratios in oils obtained from various nuts (walnut, peanut, cashew, and hazelnut) against morphological features and markers of inflammation on an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced via intradermal injection [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the protective effect of different dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratios in oils obtained from various nuts (walnut, peanut, cashew, and hazelnut) against morphological features and markers of inflammation on an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced via intradermal injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Five groups of rats with RA (n = 5) were randomly categorized as follows: control positive, walnut oil group, peanut oil group, cashew nut oil group, and hazelnut oil group. Another five healthy rats served as a normal non-arthritic (control) group. We assessed the therapeutic effects by measuring arthritis scores during the experiment and serum inflammatory markers at the end of the study. The serum levels of the rheumatoid factor, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced in all treatment groups. The daily consumption of nut oils ameliorates clinical and morphological abnormalities by inhibiting the inflammatory cells that produce inflammatory interleukins and eicosanoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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9 pages, 1723 KiB  
Communication
Differential Effects of White Wine and Ethanol Consumption on Survival of Rats after a Myocardial Infarction
by Danica Boban, Ana Marija Dželalija, Diana Gujinović, Benjamin Benzon, Nikola Ključević, Zvonimir Boban, Ivana Mudnić and Ivica Grković
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1450; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031450 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1084
Abstract
Studies of the cardioprotective effects of wine are mainly focused on red wines, due to their much higher content of bioactive compounds relative to white wines. Although some studies indicate a cardioprotective effect of white wine, there is no clear consensus on the [...] Read more.
Studies of the cardioprotective effects of wine are mainly focused on red wines, due to their much higher content of bioactive compounds relative to white wines. Although some studies indicate a cardioprotective effect of white wine, there is no clear consensus on the existence of additional benefits of white wine over ethanol. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of moderate consumption of white wine and ethanol on the survival of rats subjected to surgically induced myocardial infarction (MI). Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 74) were randomized into three groups: water only, white wine or a 13% v/v ethanol/water solution. After a four-week drinking period, MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery. The survival rate was highest in the wine group (72.2%), and lowest in the water only group (47.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the ethanol and water groups. An analysis linking drinking volumes to survival outcomes revealed that lower ethanol consumption was more prevalent in rats that survived, indicating an upper limit for the protective effects of ethanol. An opposite finding was noticed in the wine group, where no deaths occurred in rats with an average daily white wine consumption of approximately 10 mL or more. We conclude that moderate consumption of white wine has a positive effect on survival after a myocardial infarction, which cannot be attributed only to ethanol, but also to other white wine constituents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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24 pages, 4304 KiB  
Article
Cosmeceutical Potentials of Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher Extracts
by Phanit Thammarat, Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch, Rungsinee Phongpradist, Araya Raiwa, Hataichanok Pandith, Kasirawat Sawangrat and Sasithorn Sirilun
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031336 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2059
Abstract
Trends in skin and hair treatments focus on natural products due to undesired effects of chemically synthetic ingredients. This study aims to investigate the cosmeceutical effects of Equisetum debile (horsetail) extracts relating to anti-hyperpigmentation via tyrosinase, anti-wrinkle formation via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and [...] Read more.
Trends in skin and hair treatments focus on natural products due to undesired effects of chemically synthetic ingredients. This study aims to investigate the cosmeceutical effects of Equisetum debile (horsetail) extracts relating to anti-hyperpigmentation via tyrosinase, anti-wrinkle formation via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and anti-androgenic alopecia via 5α-reductase. Ethanolic extracts were sequentially partitioned into semi-purified fractions hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and methanol insoluble residue. The ethyl acetate fraction possessed the highest total phenolic content (39.24 ± 0.72 mg gallic acid/g), the strongest anti-tyrosinase activities (583.33 ± 23.59 mg kojic acid/g), and potent collagenase inhibitions (IC50 MMP-1 and MMP-2 of 0.82 ± 0.09 and 0.94 ± 0.11 mg/mL, respectively). All extracts showed considerable inhibitions of 5α-reductase ranging from 44.59 ± 0.40 to 83.07 ± 3.46% with the strongest activity from the dichloromethane fraction (1.48 ± 0.06 mg finasteride/g). In conclusion, E. debile extracts exhibit cosmeceutical potentials. This study suggests that the E. debile ethyl acetate fraction could be used as a promising ingredient to organically treat hyperpigmentation and delay the skin aging process. In addition, compared to the current recommended intake of finasteride (1 mg/day) for androgenic alopecia, the dichloromethane fraction is proposed as an alternative source to naturally remediate hair loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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15 pages, 2531 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Anti-Skin Aging Effects of Fermented Black Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) by Aspergillus niger KHNT-1
by Zelika Mega Ramadhania, Dong Uk Yang, Moelyono Moektiwardojo, Yaxi Han, Jin Kyu Park, Esrat Jahan Rupa, Deok Chun Yang, Seung Jin Lee and Se Chan Kang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 550; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13010550 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2247
Abstract
Functional foods to prevent aging, particularly skin aging, have grown in popularity as society ages and science uncovers the pathological mechanisms of aging. In this study, we used processed ginseng, one of the famous functional foods, along with fermentation utilizing the novel Aspergillus [...] Read more.
Functional foods to prevent aging, particularly skin aging, have grown in popularity as society ages and science uncovers the pathological mechanisms of aging. In this study, we used processed ginseng, one of the famous functional foods, along with fermentation utilizing the novel Aspergillus niger strain KHNT-1 to enhance its value and efficacy. We successfully produced fermented black ginseng (FBG) and investigated its anti-skin aging properties, such as anti-melanogenic, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant activities. The results showed that FBG at 100 μg/mL inhibited tyrosinase and melanin production in IBMX-stimulated B16F10 cells. FBG significantly reduced tyrosinase, TYRP-1, and MITF mRNA expression. Moreover, FBG stimulated anti-wrinkle effects in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (FBG) cells by inhibiting elastase activity, and decreasing MMP-1 and MMP-9 while increasing COL-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, FBG showed antioxidant activity by reducing ROS levels in H2O2-induced HaCat cells. All tests showed that FBG had better anti-melanogenic, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant activities than black ginseng (BG) and white ginseng (WG). Interestingly, FBG had lower toxicity in B16F10, HDF, and HaCat cells compared with BG. Thus, this study discovers the underlying mechanism of FBG as a functional material with anti-skin-aging properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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17 pages, 1746 KiB  
Article
Chemical Characterization of Selected Algae and Cyanobacteria from Bulgaria as Sources of Compounds with Antioxidant Activity
by Galia Gentscheva, Iliana Milkova-Tomova, Ivaylo Pehlivanov, Viliana Gugleva, Krastena Nikolova, Nadezhda Petkova, Velichka Andonova, Dragomira Buhalova and Ekaterina Pisanova
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9935; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12199935 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
The current research focused on algae from the waters of the Black Sea—Chaetomorpha linum, Ulva intestinalis, Ericaria crinita, and bioreactors—Chlorella spp. and Arthrospira platensis/cyanobacterium/. Pigment content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity were investigated for [...] Read more.
The current research focused on algae from the waters of the Black Sea—Chaetomorpha linum, Ulva intestinalis, Ericaria crinita, and bioreactors—Chlorella spp. and Arthrospira platensis/cyanobacterium/. Pigment content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity were investigated for their use as pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic ingredients. E. crinita exhibited the highest antioxidant activity by ORAC and HORAC (463.3 µmol TE/g and 463.3 µmol GAE/g) and the highest total content of polyphenols and rutin of the investigated algae. Lower protein content was found in saltwater algae than in freshwater algae. For the first time, biologically active substances from the Bulgarian A. platensis and Chlorella spp., produced in a bioreactor, have been quantitatively identified. A. platensis contained rutin (141.25 mg/100 g), naringenin (42.17 mg/100 g), quercetin (26.74 mg/100 g), kaempferol, and quercetin-3-β-glycoside. Phenolic acids were isolated: neochlorogenic (172.27 mg/100 g) for lyophilized and 5783 mg/100 g for convection-dried A. platensis. It has been found that the protein content in A. platensis (convection dried) and Chlorella spp. (lyophilized) was nearly 54% higher than that of green algae U. intestinalis from Varna. The lyophilization process reduced the protein content of A. platensis samples by almost 20%. The high protein content of convection-dried A. platensis (43.4%) and lyophilized Chlorella spp. (43.7%) identified them as suitable emulsifiers in colloidal and emulsion systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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12 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
Benincasa hispida Extract Promotes Proliferation, Differentiation, and Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblasts and Inhibits the Differentiation of RAW 246.7 Osteoclast Precursors
by Ye-Eun Choi, Jung-Mo Yang and Ju-Hyun Cho
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8849; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12178849 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
Owing to global population aging, instances of bone metabolic diseases have increased. Consequently, interest in natural and functional plant food products for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is also increasing. In this study, we determine the potential therapeutic effects of Benincasa hispida [...] Read more.
Owing to global population aging, instances of bone metabolic diseases have increased. Consequently, interest in natural and functional plant food products for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is also increasing. In this study, we determine the potential therapeutic effects of Benincasa hispida extract (HR1901-W) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. The potential preventive effects of Benincasa hispida in osteoporosis have not previously been reported. We identified and analyzed 2-furoic acid, a chemical component of HR1901-W. We evaluated whether HR1901-W promoted osteogenesis in the MC3T3-E1 cell line and whether it inhibited the differentiation of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells (osteoblast precursors). We observed that HR1901-W promoted significantly high dose-dependent proliferation and extracellular matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. In fact, increased cell proliferation was found to be associated with increased protein expression of factors related to osteoblast differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2. On the other hand, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (10 ng/mL) and nuclear factor-κB ligand (100 ng/mL) treated differentiated RAW264.7 macrophages exhibited a significant reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. Taken together, our results indicate that HR1901-W is a promising candidate of functional materials that regulate the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts to prevent osteoporosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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18 pages, 4560 KiB  
Article
Riceberry Rice Bran Protein Hydrolyzed Fractions Induced Apoptosis, Senescence and G1/S Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines
by Vichugorn Wattayagorn, Mesayamas Kongsema, Sukuntaros Tadakittisarn and Pramote Chumnanpuen
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 6917; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12146917 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Riceberry rice bran is the part of rice that has been scrubbed out during the coloring process. There are various health benefits to be gained from foods with a high protein content. This work aimed to study the effect of hydrolyzed riceberry rice [...] Read more.
Riceberry rice bran is the part of rice that has been scrubbed out during the coloring process. There are various health benefits to be gained from foods with a high protein content. This work aimed to study the effect of hydrolyzed riceberry rice bran extracts on colon cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. The MTT assay result showed that our extract has lower cytotoxicity effects on normal cells (PCS-201-010, IC50 = 6745 µg/mL) compared to colon cancer cell lines and has a greater effect on metastatic cancer cell lines (SW-620, IC50 = 5468 µg/mL) than non-metastatic cancer cell lines (HT-29, IC50 = 6054 µg/mL). The apoptotic inductive effects of HRBE on SW-620 were observed after 72 h at a maximum rate of 76% and at maximum concentration. According to the result of the cell senescence analysis after 24 h of HRBE treatment, the percentage of HT-29 (86%) expressing SA-β-gal was much higher than that of SW-620 (32%). Consequently, the decrease in the cell population in the S and M/G2 phases indicated cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells after being treated with HRBE. Focusing on the peptide fraction size of HRBE, the largest (>50 kDa) fraction showed the highest anticancer activity compared to other fractions. In conclusion, the hydrolyzed riceberry rice bran extract induced the apoptosis process in the metastatic cancer cells and induced the senescence process in the non-metastatic cancer cells. This observed information will be useful and applicable for medical research and colon cancer treatment in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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13 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
A Combination of Natural Products, BenPros (Green Tea Extract, Soybean Extract and Camellia Japonica Oil), Ameliorates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
by Subin Oh, Moon Ho Do, Jin A Shin, Min Jee Lee, Hua Li, Su Yeon Cho and Jong-Moon Jeong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 6121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12126121 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2373
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men and causes lower urinary tract symptoms due to excessive proliferation of prostate stromal and epithelial cells. The present study investigated the improving effect of BenPros, an edible natural product [...] Read more.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men and causes lower urinary tract symptoms due to excessive proliferation of prostate stromal and epithelial cells. The present study investigated the improving effect of BenPros, an edible natural product mixture (green tea extract, soybean extract and camellia japonica oil), against the development of BPH in vitro and in vivo. BenPros treatment showed inhibitory ability on testosterone-induced androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and 5α-reductase protein expression in LNCap-LN3 cells and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced increases in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW264.7 cells. In a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model, BenPros decreased the up-regulated serum 5α-dihydrotestosterone and PSA levels. Moreover, BenPros also significantly reduced PSA protein expression in prostate tissue. Furthermore, TP-induced increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were reduced by BenPros, resulting in an increase in the Bcl-2/BCL2-related X ratio. These regulatory abilities of BenPros on BPH inducing markers also reduced prostate size and epithelial thickness based on histological analysis. These results indicate that BenPros has a protective ability against BPH in vitro and in vivo, and it may be a promising candidate as a functional food in regulating BPH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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12 pages, 656 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dough-Related Parameters on the Antimold Activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus Strains and Mold-Free Shelf Life of Bread
by Maria K. Syrokou, Spiros Paramithiotis, Charalabos D. Kanakis, Georgios K. Papadopoulos, Petros A. Tarantilis, Panagiotis N. Skandamis, Loulouda Bosnea, Marios Mataragas and Eleftherios H. Drosinos
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4506; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094506 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1461
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the antimold capacity of three Wickerhamomyces anomalus strains, both in vitro and in situ, and to identify the responsible volatile organic compounds. For that purpose, two substrates were applied; the former included brain heart [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to assess the antimold capacity of three Wickerhamomyces anomalus strains, both in vitro and in situ, and to identify the responsible volatile organic compounds. For that purpose, two substrates were applied; the former included brain heart infusion broth, adjusted to six initial pH values (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0) and supplemented with six different NaCl concentrations (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%), while the latter was a liquid dough, fortified with the six aforementioned NaCl concentrations. After a 24 h incubation at 30 °C, the maximum antimold activity was quantified for all strains at 5120 AU/mL, obtained under different combinations of initial pH value and NaCl concentration. A total of twelve volatile compounds were detected; ethanol, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate were produced by all strains. On the contrary, butanoic acid-ethyl ester, acetic acid-butyl ester, ethyl caprylate, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol, benzaldehyde, nonanal and octanal were occasionally produced. All compounds exhibited antimold activity; the lower MIC was observed for 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol and benzaldehyde (0.04 and 0.06 μL/mL of headspace, respectively), while the higher MIC was observed for butanoic acid-ethyl ester and ethyl caprylate (5.14 and 6.24 μL/mL of headspace, respectively). The experimental breads made with W. anomalus strains LQC 10353, 10346 and 10360 gained an additional period of 9, 10 and 30 days of mold-free shelf life, compared to the control made by commercially available baker’s yeast. Co-culture of the W. anomalus strains with baker’s yeast did not alter the shelf-life extension, indicating the suitability of these strains as adjunct cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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11 pages, 7198 KiB  
Article
Loranthus regularis Ameliorates Neurodegenerative Factors in the Diabetic Rat Retina
by Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Ahmed Z. Alanazi, Ajamaluddin Malik, Abdul Malik, Mohammed Ahmed, Salim S. Al-Rejaie and Abdullah S. Alhomida
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2875; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12062875 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains a primary source of blindness with the growing pandemic of diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that early neurodegeneration caused by elevated oxidative stress may initiate microvascular damage in the diabetic retina during the last few decades. A variety of preventive [...] Read more.
Diabetic retinopathy remains a primary source of blindness with the growing pandemic of diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that early neurodegeneration caused by elevated oxidative stress may initiate microvascular damage in the diabetic retina during the last few decades. A variety of preventive and treatment strategies using phytochemicals that possess high antioxidants have shown great promise in reducing diabetes-induced neurodegeneration retinal damage. In this investigation, we employed an extract of Loranthus regularis, a traditional medicinal herb which is found to improve diabetes and associated complications in experimental studies. We orally treated STZ-induced diabetic rats with L. regularis and analyzed the neurodegenerative factors in the retina. After treatments, we used Western blotting techniques to analyze the protein content of neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, TrkB), apoptotic factors (cytochrome c, Bcl-2, Bax), and phosphorylation of AKT in the diabetic retina. Additionally, we used ELISA methods to measure the contents of BDNF and the activity of Caspase-3 and biochemical procedures to determine the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Our findings show that L. regularis treatments resulted in a considerable increase in neurotrophic factors and a decrease in apoptotic factors in the diabetic retina. Furthermore, in diabetic retina treated with L. regularis, the level of Bcl-2 protein increased, while the phosphor-AKT signaling improved. As a result, L. regularis may protect against diabetic-induced retinal neuronal damage by increasing neurotrophic support and reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, this study suggests that in diabetic retinopathy, L. regularis could be a potential therapy option for preventing neuronal cell death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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16 pages, 1310 KiB  
Article
Organic Beet Leaves and Stalk Juice Attenuates the Glutathione Peroxidase Increase Induced by High-Fat Meal in Dyslipidemic Patients: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
by Amanda Cristine de Oliveira, Anna Paula Oliveira Gomes, Lorena Charife Rodrigues, Raisa da Silva Cunha, Thaís Martins Serra, Raquel Machado Schincaglia, Marina Alves Coelho Silva, Maria Aderuza Horst, Maurício Ariel Rostagno, Kelly Grace Magalhães, Luiz Carlos Cunha and Patrícia Borges Botelho
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1973; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12041973 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1744
Abstract
The beet, including the leaves and stalk (BLS), is a vegetable with great antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the nutritional composition and the concentration of total phenolics between the organic and conventional BLS and to [...] Read more.
The beet, including the leaves and stalk (BLS), is a vegetable with great antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the nutritional composition and the concentration of total phenolics between the organic and conventional BLS and to verify whether the ingestion of an organic BLS juice containing different concentrations of polyphenols modulated some biomarkers of oxidative stress after the ingestion of a high-fat meal in individuals with dyslipidemia. A controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with a washout period of 1 week was carried out. A 12-h fasting blood sample was collected. Afterward, the participants consumed a high-fat meal, followed by the ingestion of a placebo or one of the organic BLS juices containing either 32.0 or 77.5 mg/100 mL of polyphenols. Blood samples were obtained 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the first blood collection. The composition analysis showed that organic BLS had a better nutritional composition than conventional ones. The high-fat meal induced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia after 120 min (p < 0.001) and increased the concentration of malondialdehyde after 30 min (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in GPx in 30 min (p = 0.026). This increase was attenuated in the group that received the highest dose of polyphenols when compared with the placebo after 30 min (p = 0.045). Therefore, the organic BLS juice containing 77.5 mg of polyphenols was efficient at modulating one of the postprandial mechanisms of enzymatic antioxidant protection in individuals with dyslipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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12 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Centella asiatica L. Extract for Reducing Alanine Transaminase (ALT) Level in Subjects with Elevated ALT
by Yong Joon Jeong, Hyelin Jeon and Se Chan Kang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11498; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112311498 - 04 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
The liver is an important organ that detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for life. There are many medications on the market to treat liver diseases, but these can be a strain on the liver due to the need for [...] Read more.
The liver is an important organ that detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for life. There are many medications on the market to treat liver diseases, but these can be a strain on the liver due to the need for a detoxification process in the organ. Herbal medicines are replacing synthetic drugs. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Centella aisatica L. extract for reducing alanine transaminase (ALT) levels using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Investigators performed a clinical trial in which an herbal treatment was administered every morning for 12 weeks to 80 patients in two groups. The study protocol number was SYN/RM/CA-008. The results demonstrated improved ALT levels with a positive change in the investigational product (IP) group (−19.9) compared to the placebo group (1.8) (p < 0.0001). In addition, IP treatment was safe and non-toxic. The current data indicate that CA-HE50 exhibits clinically significant changes for all hepatoprotective efficacy parameters, suggesting potential for development and applicability as a hepatoprotective substance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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11 pages, 5516 KiB  
Article
Identification of Scopoletin and Chlorogenic Acid as Potential Active Components in Sunflower Calathide Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Extract towards Hyperuricemia
by Huining Dai, Shuai Lv, Xueqi Fu and Wannan Li
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10306; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112110306 - 03 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
It is known that sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) calathide enzymatically hydrolyzed extract (SCHE) contributes to the regulation of serum uric acid (UA); however, evidence regarding its bioactive components and mechanism are lacking. We identified two water-soluble components (scopoletin and chlorogenic acid) that [...] Read more.
It is known that sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) calathide enzymatically hydrolyzed extract (SCHE) contributes to the regulation of serum uric acid (UA); however, evidence regarding its bioactive components and mechanism are lacking. We identified two water-soluble components (scopoletin and chlorogenic acid) that are abundant in sunflower calathide, especially evaluated for the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) and the expression levels of urate transporters with SCHE. Molecular docking of a chlorogenic acid–XO complex was more stable than that of the Scopoletin–XO, and its binding pockets, which closed the Mo = S center, was similar to xanthine pockets. Moreover, chlorogenic acid exhibited stronger inhibition than that of the scopoletin below 260 μM, despite the IC50 of scopoletin (577.7 μM) being lower than that chlorogenic acid (844.7 μM) on the UA generation assessed by a spectrophotometer in vitro. It revealed that chlorogenic acid and scopoletin were competitive inhibitors of XO. In addition, the SCHE (300 μg/mL) and chlorogenic acid (0.75 mM) obviously inhibited urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) expression levels, while scopoletin significantly upregulated the expression of GLUT9. To summarize, chlorogenic acid served a crucial role in UA regulation consistent with the SCHE and functioned as an important ingredient of SCHE. The strategic analysis of SCHE combined with scopoletin and chlorogenic acid may contribute to the development of food supplemental alternatives on UA metabolism and the reduction of agricultural byproduct waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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9 pages, 2549 KiB  
Article
Apoptotic Effect of Brassinin via Inhibition of CNOT2 and Activation of p53 and Its Combination Effect with Doxorubicin
by Woon Yi Park, Ji Eon Park and Ji Hoon Jung
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10036; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112110036 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1513
Abstract
Brassinin derived from Chinese cabbage has been reported to act as an anti-cancer agent on prostate, liver, and colon cancer cells. However, its mechanism and impact are largely unknown in colon cancer cells. Here, we first published a report that Brassinin induces apoptosis [...] Read more.
Brassinin derived from Chinese cabbage has been reported to act as an anti-cancer agent on prostate, liver, and colon cancer cells. However, its mechanism and impact are largely unknown in colon cancer cells. Here, we first published a report that Brassinin induces apoptosis and inhibits the survival of colon cancer cells by activating p53. We found that Brassinin induces p53 and p21 dose- and time-dependent manner in wild type of p53 colon cancer cells. Interestingly, Brassinin induces apoptosis in wild-type of p53 cancer cells, but not in null-type of p53 cancer cells dose dependently. Additionally, Brassinin induces apoptosis through L5. Furthermore, Brassinin enhanced the apoptotic effect with doxorubicin by activating p53. Altogether, our findings suggest that Brassinin is a new p53 regulator via induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation in colon cancer cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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10 pages, 1051 KiB  
Article
Microbiological Contamination in Different Food Service Units Associated with Food Handling
by Ana Alves, Cristina Viveiros, Jéssica Lopes, António Nogueira, Bruno Pires, Andrea F. Afonso and Cristina Teixeira
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7241; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167241 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5505
Abstract
Background: A microbiological analysis of samples taken from hands of food handlers and utensils/crockery in food service units was used to assess the risk of food contamination. We aimed to assess indicators of microbiological contamination in different food service units. Methods: We used [...] Read more.
Background: A microbiological analysis of samples taken from hands of food handlers and utensils/crockery in food service units was used to assess the risk of food contamination. We aimed to assess indicators of microbiological contamination in different food service units. Methods: We used data for an official inspection proposal (2018–2019) in different food service units serving a district in Northeast Portugal. We showed the proportion of positive samples for each microorganism assessed in samples taken from hands and kitchen utensils/crockery. Results: Out of 471 samples taken from hands of food handlers, 26.8% (n = 126) were classified as “unsatisfactory” due to the presence of at least Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and/or total and fecal coliforms. Such a proportion varied according to the type of food service unit with a higher proportion being observed in Canteens (40.0%) and in Retirement Home/Day Care Centers (37.8%). More than one third of 649 samples taken from kitchen utensils/crockery were classified as “unsatisfactory” (n = 181; 27.9%) or “bad” (n = 49; 7.6%). There were significant differences in these proportions across food service units, with a higher proportion of “unsatisfactory” samples being observed in Fishmongers and Butcher Shops/Charcuteries (50.0% and 45.1%, respectively), while a higher proportion of “bad” samples was observed in both Pastry/Bakery and Fishmonger establishments (33.3%), followed by Butcher Shops/Charcuteries (14.1%). Conclusions: Our results emphasize the need of awareness of hygiene practices among food handlers of different food service units, particularly in Fishmongers, Pastry/Bakery establishments and Butcher Shops/Charcuteries, highlighting the need of a periodic hygienic evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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15 pages, 2346 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Egg Yolk Sialoglycoprotein on Osteogenic Activity in MC3T3-E1 Cells
by Sizhe He, Keke Meng, Muxue Chen, Lehui Zhu, Qingying Xiang, Zhangyan Quan, Guanghua Xia and Xuanri Shen
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6428; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11146428 - 12 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1690
Abstract
In this study, the effects of egg yolk sialoglycoprotein (EYG) on osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated and the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were explored by transcriptome analysis. The results found that EYG effectively increased cell proliferation, enhanced ALP activity, promoted the secretion [...] Read more.
In this study, the effects of egg yolk sialoglycoprotein (EYG) on osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated and the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were explored by transcriptome analysis. The results found that EYG effectively increased cell proliferation, enhanced ALP activity, promoted the secretion of extracellular matrix protein COL-I and OCN, enhanced bone mineralization activity, exhibiting good osteogenic activity. Further study of the mechanism was explored through transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome analysis showed that 123 DEGs were triggered by EYG, of which 78 genes were downregulated and 45 genes were upregulated. GO (gene ontology) analysis showed that EYG mainly caused differences in gene expression of biological processes and cell composition categories in the top 30 most enriched items. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showed that EYG inhibited inflammatory factors and downregulated inflammation-related pathways. The results also showed EYG regulated such genes as COL2A1, COL4A1 and COL4A2 to up-regulate pathways including ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion and protein digestion and absorption, enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Gene expression of COL-I, Runx2, BMP2 and β-catenin was determined by qRT-PCR for verification, which found that EYG significantly increased COL-I, Runx2, BMP2 and β-catenin gene expression, suggesting that BMP-2 mediated osteogenesis pathway was activated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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11 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
Gallic Acid Induces S and G2 Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro
by Zhiping He, Xingquan Liu, Fenghua Wu, Shaozhen Wu, Gary O’Neal Rankin, Ivan Martinez, Yon Rojanasakul and Yi Charlie Chen
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3807; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11093807 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2857
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the top gynecologic cancers in the US with a death tally of 13,940 in the past year alone. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural compound with pharmacological benefits. In this research, the role of GA on cell proliferation, [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the top gynecologic cancers in the US with a death tally of 13,940 in the past year alone. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural compound with pharmacological benefits. In this research, the role of GA on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle-related protein expression was explored in OC cell lines OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70. After 24, 48 and 72 h of GA treatment, the IC50 values in OVCAR-3 cells were 22.14 ± 0.45, 20.36 ± 0.18, 15.13 ± 0.53 μM, respectively and in A2780/CP70 cells IC50 values were 33.53 ± 2.64, 27.18 ± 0.22, 22.81 ± 0.56, respectively. Hoechst 33,342 DNA staining and flow cytometry results showed 20 μM GA exposure could significantly accelerate apoptosis in both OC cell lines and the total apoptotic rate increased from 5.34%(control) to 21.42% in OVCAR-3 cells and from 8.01%(control) to 17.69% in A2780/CP70 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that GA stimulated programmed OC cell death via a p53-dependent intrinsic signaling. In addition, GA arrested cell cycle at the S or G2 phase via p53-p21-Cdc2-cyclin B pathway in the same cells. In conclusion, we provide some evidence of the efficacy of GA in ovarian cancer prevention and therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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11 pages, 3358 KiB  
Article
Effect of Allium senescens Extract on Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocarcinoma Cells
by Sohyeon Park, Yoonjin Park, Heejong Shin, Boyong Kim and Seunggwan Lee
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3696; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11083696 - 20 Apr 2021
Viewed by 1462
Abstract
Although Allium species are involved in bioactivity, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the effects of Allium senescens on drug resistance in hepatocarcinoma. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of several bioactive compounds in [...] Read more.
Although Allium species are involved in bioactivity, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the effects of Allium senescens on drug resistance in hepatocarcinoma. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of several bioactive compounds in A. senescens extract; flow cytometry, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and siRNA-mediated knockdown to estimate the levels of different markers in HepG2 cells. The quantity of p-coumaric acid in the extract was 4.7291 ± 0.06 μg/mL, and the protein of relevant evolutionary and lymphoid interest (PRELI) in the resistant cells decreased 2.1 times in the presence of p-coumaric acid. The resistant cells strongly downregulated the efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCC2, and ABCG2) when exposed to the extract or p-coumaric acid and when PRELI was knocked down, in contrast to the influx proteins (OCT-1). Additionally, the extract induced mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressed autophagy. Consequently, the extract and p-coumaric acid attenuated drug resistance of HepG2 cells through the downregulation of PRELI, a key protein associated with the modulation of drug transporter expression, the activation of autophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis. Our results indicate that A. senescens extract is beneficial in protecting cancer cells against drug resistance and sustaining the efficacy of sorafenib against liver cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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Review

Jump to: Research

15 pages, 304 KiB  
Review
Diet, Polyphenols, and Human Evolution
by Patrizia Restani, Francesca Colombo, Simone Biella, Corinne Bani, Francesca Mercogliano and Chiara Di Lorenzo
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7805; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157805 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2242
Abstract
Although diet has contributed significantly to the evolution of human beings, the composition of the diet that has most affected this phenomenon is still an open issue. Diet has undoubtedly participated in the acquisition of the skills that underlie the differentiation of humans [...] Read more.
Although diet has contributed significantly to the evolution of human beings, the composition of the diet that has most affected this phenomenon is still an open issue. Diet has undoubtedly participated in the acquisition of the skills that underlie the differentiation of humans from other animal species and in this context the development of the nervous system has played a primary role. This paper aimed to: (1) outline the relationship between diet and human evolution; (2) evaluate how a variation in food consumption may have contributed to the enhancement of cognitive and adaptive capacities. The most widespread diet among the ancient populations that showed the highest levels of civilization (that is well-organized societies, using advanced technical tools, and promoting art and science) was very close to what is now defined as the Mediterranean diet. This suggests that a dietary approach typical of the Mediterranean basin (little meat and some fish; abundant cereals, legumes, fruit, vegetables and wine) significantly increased the intake of antioxidant molecules, including polyphenols, which along with other factors may have modulated the cognitive evolution of humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
27 pages, 2176 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Stingless Bee Products: Phytochemical Composition and Beneficial Properties of Honey, Propolis, and Pollen
by Azri Shahir Rozman, Norhashila Hashim, Bernard Maringgal and Khalina Abdan
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6370; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12136370 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6270
Abstract
The stingless bee has been gaining more attention in recent years due to the uniqueness and benefits of its products. Similar to the common honeybee, stingless bees also produce honey, propolis, and pollen, which offer superior benefits for direct or indirect consumption. However, [...] Read more.
The stingless bee has been gaining more attention in recent years due to the uniqueness and benefits of its products. Similar to the common honeybee, stingless bees also produce honey, propolis, and pollen, which offer superior benefits for direct or indirect consumption. However, reports on the benefits of stingless bee products are scarce. This article summarises recent reports on stingless bee products. The function and application of the properties of the products such as phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties, and chemical content are elucidated. The antimicrobial properties and anticancer potential of the products are also highlighted. Future trends, potential, and uniqueness of stingless bee products are discussed. Stingless bee honey is highlighted as a superfood that exceptionally has the potential to be an active ingredient in treating cancer. Stingless bee propolis has been extensively studied for its rich beneficial chemical compounds that contribute to its antioxidant properties. Though studies on stingless bee pollen are scarce, it has been reported that it also has the potential of being a functional food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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15 pages, 587 KiB  
Review
Bioactive Peptides from Lupinus spp. Seed Proteins-State-of-the-Art and Perspectives
by Aleksandra Garmidolova, Ivelina Desseva, Dasha Mihaylova and Anna Lante
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3766; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12083766 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2306
Abstract
Nowadays, the search for food-suitable plant proteins is a great challenge. In addition to their sustainability and nutritional value, the focus is more and more on possible positive interactions with human health. To date, the presence of bioactive peptides encrypted in the structure [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the search for food-suitable plant proteins is a great challenge. In addition to their sustainability and nutritional value, the focus is more and more on possible positive interactions with human health. To date, the presence of bioactive peptides encrypted in the structure of protein opens new perspectives, addressing the food industry’s request for new ingredients with technological properties and also the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors based on multifunctional health applications. Lupinus is a sustainable genus of the legume family Fabaceae, and the lupin seed-derived bioactive peptides have demonstrated different effects including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, and antihypertensive activities. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge on lupin protein and their bioactive peptides, highlighting the documented health claims, but also the possibility of allergenicity and the work to be done for the development of new functional products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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26 pages, 413 KiB  
Review
Salvia Species as Nutraceuticals: Focus on Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties
by Andrea F. Afonso, Olívia R. Pereira and Susana M. Cardoso
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9365; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11209365 - 09 Oct 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2931
Abstract
Salvia plants belong to the Lamiaceae family and are recognized as being strongly aromatic, being widely used for different purposes in culinary or traditional medicine. These plants are well recognized as being rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenic compounds, which exhibit health-beneficial [...] Read more.
Salvia plants belong to the Lamiaceae family and are recognized as being strongly aromatic, being widely used for different purposes in culinary or traditional medicine. These plants are well recognized as being rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenic compounds, which exhibit health-beneficial activities, protecting against oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Because of these properties, phytochemicals from Salvia species have been investigated as health promoting agents, for application in distinct fields. However, the growing demand for natural products with possible uses and applications in industry requires scientific validation studies. This review consists of a compilation of relevant studies with an emphasis on the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties of phenolic-rich extracts from Salvia plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Natural Products: Bioactive Compounds and Beneficial Effects on Health)
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