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Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 30217

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Prof. Dr. Bor-Ren Lin

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
Interests: power electronics; resonant converters; high-efficiency power converters; renewable energy conversion; electric vehicle applications; soft switching techniques; ZVS PWM converters; bidirectional power converters; high-efficiency battery chargers
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Prof. Dr. Chien-Ming Wang

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
Interests: soft switching converters; power factor correction; ZVS converters

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions of original research to a Special Issue of Applied Science on the subject of “Resonant Converters in Power Electronics Technology”.
In recent years, resonant converters have played an important role in power electronics technology for different applications such as plug-in electric vehicles, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, bidirectional power flows for battery chargers, high-efficiency power supplies, and industry applications. Resonant converters in power electronics are becoming essential for commercial and industrial power units in various ways. This Special Issue focuses on the development of novel resonant converter topologies in power electronics.
Topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

New trends and technologies for resonant converters;
Multilevel resonant converter topologies;
Energy-storage technologies;
Renewable energy conversion;
The integration of renewable energy technologies into the grid;
Reviews of resonant converter technologies;
Resonant converters for electric vehicle applications;
Resonant converters for switching mode power supplies;
Resonant converters for industrial applications;
Modulation techniques for advanced resonant converters.

Prof. Dr. Bor-Ren Lin
Prof. Dr. Chien-Ming Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Three-level resonant converters
Bidirectional DC–DC converters
Battery chargers
Plug-in electric vehicle
Switching mode power supplies
Power converters in wireless power transfer techniques
Renewable energy conversion

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constant-Current, Constant-Voltage Operation of a Dual-Bridge Resonant Converter: Modulation, Design and Experimental Results

by Jiaqi Wu, Xiaodong Li, Shengzhi Zhou, Song Hu and Hao Chen

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 12143; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112412143 - 20 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1914

Abstract

To meet the requirements of charging the mainstream rechargeable batteries, in this work, a dual-bridge resonant converter (DBRC) is operated as a battery charger. Thanks to the features of this topology, the required high efficiency can be achieved with a wide range of battery voltage and current by using different modulation variables. Firstly, a typical charging process including constant-voltage stage and constant-current stage is indicated. Then, two different modulation methods of the DBRC are proposed, both of which can realize constant-voltage charging and constant-current charging. Method I adopts phase-shift modulation with constant switching frequency while Method II adopts varying frequency modulation. Furthermore, as guidance for practical application, the design principles and detailed design procedures of the DBRC are customized for the two modulation methods respectively in order to reduce the switching loss and conduction loss. Consequently, the full soft-switching operation with low rms tank current is achieved under the two modulation methods, which contributes to the high efficiency of the whole charging process. At last extensive simulation and experimental tests on a lab prototype converter are performed, which prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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18 pages, 3027 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analysis and Implementation of a Hybrid DC Converter with Wide Voltage Variation

by Bor-Ren Lin and Yue-Ying Zhuang

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10211; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112110211 - 31 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1323

Abstract

A new hybrid DC converter is proposed and implemented to have wide voltage variation operation and bidirectional power flow capability for photovoltaic power applications. The hybrid DC converter, including a half- or full-bridge resonant circuit, is adopted to realize the bidirectional power operation and low switching losses. To overcome the wide voltage variation problem (60 V–480 V) from photovoltaic panels due to sunlight intensity, the full-bridge structure or half-bridge structure resonant circuit is used in the presented converter to implement high or low voltage gain under a low or high input voltage condition. Using a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) scheme, the voltage transfer function of the resonant circuit is controlled to regulate the load voltage. Due to the symmetric circuit structures used on the primary and the secondary sides in the proposed converter, the bidirectional power flow can be achieved with the same circuit characteristics. Therefore, the proposed converter can be applied to battery stacks to achieve charger and discharger operations. Finally, a 400 W prototype is implemented, and the performance of the proposed hybrid DC converter is confirmed by the experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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18 pages, 9276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Wireless Power Transfer Charger with Hybrid Compensation Topology for Constant Current/Voltage Onboard Charging

by Guangyao Li and Dong-Hee Kim

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7569; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11167569 - 18 Aug 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2764

Abstract

Compared with plugged-in chargers, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for battery chargers have numerous advantages, e.g., safety, efficiency, and convenience. To satisfy the important wireless charging requirements of efficiency and safety of the battery, this paper proposes a constant current/voltage (CC/CV) charging compensation topology with near-communication based on receiving-side hybrid topology switching, which is unaffected by the dynamic loads. The proposed hybrid topology is systematically analyzed by using the M-mode, and the system parameters are designed to satisfy the constraints of zero phase angle (ZPA) and the specified CC output. In the CV mode, one shunt capacitor is employed to the compensation topology for the CV output and ZPA realization. Both the CC and CV modes are operated under the conditions of zero voltage switching (ZVS) for reducing the loss of the WPT systems. The proposed hybrid compensation topology is controlled by the receiving side and does not require real-time communication to avoid sophisticated control logic. Finally, a 1.1-kW experimental prototype charger based on DS-LCC and LCC-S topologies was established to verify the charging performance of the proposed WPT systems. The maximum efficiency of the proposed WPT charger was found to be approximately 91%. The experimental results were consistent with those of the theoretical analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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23 pages, 2445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Active Clamp Boost Converter with Blanking Time Tuning Considered

by Yeu-Torng Yau, Kuo-Ing Hwu and Yu-Kun Tai

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 860; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11020860 - 18 Jan 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2638

Abstract

An active clamp boost converter with blanking time auto-tuned is presented herein, and this is implemented by an additional auxiliary switch, an additional resonant inductor, and an additional active clamp capacitor as compared with the conventional boost converter. In this structure, both the main and auxiliary switches have zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on as well as the output diode has zero current switching (ZCS) turn-off, causing the overall efficiency of the converter to be upgraded. Moreover, as the active clamp circuit is adopted, the voltage spike on the main switch can be suppressed to some extent whereas, because of this structure, although the input inductor is designed in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), the output diode can operate with ZCS turn-off, leading to the resonant inductor operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), hence there is no reverse recovery current during the turn-off period of the output diode. Furthermore, unlike the existing soft switching circuits, the auto-tuning technique based on a given look-up table is added to adjust the cut-off time point of the auxiliary switch to reduce the current flowing through the output diode, so that the overall efficiency is upgraded further. In this paper, basic operating principles, mathematic deductions, potential designs, and some experimental results are given. To sum up, the novelty of this paper is ZCS turn-off of the output diode, DCM operation of the resonant inductor, and auto-tuning of cut-off time point of the auxiliary switch. In addition, the efficiency of the proposed converter can be up to 96.9%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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18 pages, 3767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of a Three-Level Bidirectional ZVS Resonant Converter

by Bor-Ren Lin and Wei-Po Liu

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 9136; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10249136 - 21 Dec 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2119

Abstract

A bidirectional three-level soft switching circuit topology is proposed and implemented for medium voltage applications such as 750 V dc light rail transit, high power converters, or dc microgrid systems. The studied converter is constructed with a three-level diode-clamp circuit topology with the advantage of low voltage rating on the high-voltage side and a full-bridge circuit topology with the advantage of a low current rating on the low-voltage side. Under the forward power flow operation, the three-level converter is operated to regulate load voltage. Under the reverse power flow operation, the full-bridge circuit is operated to control high-side voltage. The proposed LLC resonant circuit is adopted to achieve bidirectional power operation and zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The achievability of the studied bidirectional ZVS converter is established from the experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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17 pages, 8263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid LLC Converter with Wide Range of Zero-Voltage Switching and Wide Input Voltage Operation

by Bor-Ren Lin and Kun-Yi Chen

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8250; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10228250 - 20 Nov 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2047

Abstract

A new hybrid inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converter is investigated to have wide voltage input operation capability and zero-voltage turn-on characteristics. The presented circuit topology can be applied for consumer power units without power factor correction or with long hold-up time requirement, photovoltaic energy conversion and renewable energy power transfer. To overcome the weakness of narrow voltage gain of resonant converter, the hybrid LLC converter with different turns ratio of transformer is presented and the experimental investigation is provided to achieve wide voltage input capability (400 V–50 V). On the input-side, the converter can operate as full bridge resonant circuit or half bridge resonant circuit with input split capacitors for high or low voltage input region. On the output-side, the less or more winding turns is selected to overcome wide voltage input operation. According to the circuit structures and transformer turns ratio, the single stage LLC converter with wide voltage input operation capability (400 V–50 V) is accomplished. The laboratory prototype has been developed and the experimental waveforms are measured and demonstrated to investigate the effectiveness of the presented hybrid LLC converter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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16 pages, 5997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DC Converter with Wide Soft Switching Operation, Wide Input Voltage and Low Current Ripple

by Bor-Ren Lin and Guan-Hong Lin

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4672; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10134672 - 07 Jul 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2345

Abstract

A soft switching current-source resonant converter is presented and implemented for wide voltage applications such as fuel cells and solar power. An LLC (inductor–inductor–capacitor) converter is adopted to accomplish zero voltage (current) operation on active switches (diodes). Thus, the circuit efficiency is increased. The interleaved pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter is employed on the input side to accomplish low input ripple current. A hybrid LLC converter is adopted to achieve wide voltage operation from V_{in, min} to 4V_{in, min} and to improve the weakness of a conventional LLC converter. Half-bridge diode rectification is employed on the output side to decrease power loss on the rectifier diode. To confirm the theoretical analysis and feasibility, experimental verifications with a 500-W prototype are demonstrated in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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17 pages, 5911 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Loss Analysis and a Control Strategy of an Active Cell Balancing System Based on a Bidirectional Flyback Converter

by Yu-Lin Lee, Chang-Hua Lin and Shih-Jen Yang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4380; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10124380 - 25 Jun 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3680

Abstract

This research proposes a power loss analysis and a control strategy of an active cell balancing system based on a bidirectional flyback converter. The system aims to achieve an energy storage application with cells connected in 6 series and 1 parrarel (6S1P) design. To reduce the structural complexity, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) array commonly used in balancing system is replaced with the photovoltaic Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (photoMOS) array. Power loss analysis is utilized for the system operating in the proper current to reach higher efficiency. The proposed loss models are divided into conduction loss, switching loss, and copper and core loss of the transformer. Besides, the models are used to estimate the loss of converter operating in different balance conditions to evaluate the system efficiency and verified by the implemented balancing circuit. By way of the loss models, the balancing current can be determined to reach higher efficiency of the proposed system. For further improvement of the balancing process, the system has also applied a control strategy to enhance the balancing performance that reduces 50% maximum voltage difference than traditional cell-to-pack architecture, and 47% balancing duration than traditional pack-to-cell architecture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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18 pages, 13034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter with ZVT Turn-On for Main Switches and ZCS Turn-Off for Auxiliary Switches Based on One Resonant Loop

by Yeu-Torng Yau, Kuo-Ing Hwu and Wen-Zhuang Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3881; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10113881 - 03 Jun 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2150

Abstract

A two-phase interleaved boost converter with soft switching is proposed herein. By means of only one auxiliary circuit with two auxiliary switches having zero-current switching (ZCS) turn-on, two main switches are switched on with zero-voltage transition (ZVT) to enhance the overall efficiency. Moreover, a current-balancing circuit with a no current-balancing bus is utilized to render the load current extracted from the two phases as even as possible, so that the system stability is upgraded. In such a study, this converter, having the input of

24 V \pm 10 %

and the rated output of 36V/6A, was employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of such a converter by experiment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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20 pages, 10344 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Interleaved Boost Converter with ZVT-ZCT for the Main Switches and ZCS for the Auxiliary Switch

by Kuo-Ing Hwu, Jenn-Jong Shieh and Wen-Zhuang Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(6), 2033; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10062033 - 17 Mar 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2723

Abstract

A soft-switching interleaved topology is presented herein and applied to the boost converter. The basic operating principle is that the main power switches are turned on at zero voltage and turned off at zero current via the same auxiliary resonant circuit whose switch is turned on from zero current. Furthermore, as compared to the traditional boost converter, the proposed topology has three additional auxiliary diodes, two additional auxiliary capacitors, one additional auxiliary inductor, and one additional auxiliary switch. On the other hand, since the interleaved control is adopted herein, the difference in current between the two phases exists. Hence, the cascaded control is utilized to regulate the output voltage to the desired voltage via the first phase, whereas the current-sharing control, based on half of the input current as the current reference for the second phase, is employed so as to make the load current extracted from the two phases as evenly as possible. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed topology and control strategy is demonstrated by some experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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Graphical abstract

18 pages, 4189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Low-Cost Programmable High-Frequency AC Electronic Load with Energy Recycling for Battery Module Diagnostics

by Chang-Hua Lin, Kun-Feng Chen, Kai-Jun Pai and Kuan-Chung Chen

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(2), 546; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10020546 - 11 Jan 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2489

Abstract

A low-cost programmable high-frequency alternating current (AC) electronic load for battery module diagnosis which possesses energy recycling and portability is proposed. The proposed AC electronic load consists of a micro-controller, a signal capturing circuit, and a resonant circuit, and can be integrated with a human–machine interface (HMI). To diagnose the dynamic characteristics of a lithium battery module, the proposed AC electronic load is served as a test load for providing a wide-range slew-rate loading function. In this study, the extracted energy from the tested battery module during the diagnostic process can be recycled to save energy. In addition, all of the battery module parameters and test conditions can be preset in the HMI, and the battery characteristics and the recycling rate of the electrical energy also can be estimated. Analysis of operation modes and simulations and some experimental results are used to verify the theoretical predictions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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21 pages, 10415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Resonant Converter with Three Half-Bridge Legs for Wide Voltage Operation

by Bor-Ren Lin and Yong-Sheng Zhuang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 310; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10010310 - 31 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2631

Abstract

This paper studied a hybrid resonant converter with three half bridge legs for wide input voltage operation. Compared to the conventional resonant converters with narrow voltage operation, the presented converter can achieve wider voltage operation. On the basis of the proper switching status of power switches, the developed converter can operate at half-bridge resonant circuit under high input voltage range and the other two full-bridge resonant circuits under medium and low input voltage ranges. Each resonant circuit has a 2:1 (V_in_,max = 2V_in_,min) input voltage operation range. Therefore, the developed converter can achieve an 8:1 (V_in_,max = 8V_in_,min) wide voltage operation. The main advantage of the studied converter is the single-stage direct current (DC)/DC power conversion instead of the two-stage power conversion to achieve wide voltage operation. Because the equivalent resonant tank of the adopted converter is controlled by frequency modulation, the soft switching operation on power switches or rectifier diodes can be realized to improve circuit efficiency. The performance of the proposed circuit was confirmed and verified by experiments with a laboratory circuit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Converter in Power Electronics Technology)

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