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Applied Sciences
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Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making
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Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2019) | Viewed by 32855

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. med. Christoph F. Dietrich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Bern, Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, 3018 Bern, Switzerland
Interests: elastography; endoscopy; endoscopic ultrasound; contrast enhanced ultrasound; hepatitis; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The papers should present all relevant guidelines and should conclude recommendations with the level of evidence and a grade of recommendation, therefore, include the published evidence for the respective imaging methods. The paper should also intend what studies are necessary to change the evidence in favor of ultrasound.

The special issue is about the clinical decision making using ultrasound.

The organs are

  • Hepatobiliary
  • Pancreas
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • Lung
  • Kidney
  • Eventually other organs as well

Prof. Dr. med. Christoph F. Dietrich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • guidelines
  • evidence
  • ultrasound
  • computed tomography
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • point of care
  • contrast enhanced ultrasound
  • elastography

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

9 pages, 199 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial on the Current Role of Ultrasound
by Christoph F. Dietrich, Claude B. Sirlin, Mary O’Boyle, Yi Dong and Christian Jenssen
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(17), 3512; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9173512 - 26 Aug 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is an important imaging tool and the most commonly used imaging modality worldwide. Although US requires expertise to be performed at the highest quality levels, basic US exams can be learned by most physicians and medical technologists with knowledge of human [...] Read more.
Ultrasound (US) is an important imaging tool and the most commonly used imaging modality worldwide. Although US requires expertise to be performed at the highest quality levels, basic US exams can be learned by most physicians and medical technologists with knowledge of human anatomy and with physical examination skills. The full potential of US is achieved when it is more than a pure “imaging modality”, but instead an integrated clinical, physical, and imaging assessment in which the examiner interacts directly and personally with the patient. Specific diagnostic US knowledge is strongly encouraged for specialist training in clinical disciplines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

13 pages, 7181 KiB  
Article
The Application of Adaptive Time Gain Compensation in an Improved Breast Ultrasound Tomography Algorithm
by Chang Liu, Binzhen Zhang, Chenyang Xue, Guojun Zhang, Wendong Zhang and Yijun Cheng
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(12), 2574; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9122574 - 25 Jun 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3548
Abstract
In order to better detect information about a mass in breast tissue, an ultrasound tomography algorithm based on adaptive time gain compensation (TGC) was designed. Field II was utilized to automatically evaluate the phantom attenuation coefficient and compensate for the attenuated image. The [...] Read more.
In order to better detect information about a mass in breast tissue, an ultrasound tomography algorithm based on adaptive time gain compensation (TGC) was designed. Field II was utilized to automatically evaluate the phantom attenuation coefficient and compensate for the attenuated image. The image reconstruction algorithm process is presented here. Furthermore, the experimental setup with the cylindrical motion of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) linear array was used to detect the mass in the breast model. The attenuation coefficient was evaluated by using the spectral cross-correlation method. According to the acquired attenuation coefficients, TGC compensates for the pulse-echo signal, and the horizontal slice image was reconstructed using the tomography algorithm. The experimental results show that this algorithm can evaluate the attenuation coefficient of the breast model and improve the ability to detect an internal mass. At the same time, the realization of attenuation compensation with software is beneficial to the development of portable medical equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making)
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12 pages, 835 KiB  
Article
Effects of Hepatic Steatosis on Non-Invasive Liver Fibrosis Measurements Between Hepatitis B and Other Etiologies
by Cheng-Jen Chen, Pei-Kwei Tsay, Shiu-Feng Huang, Po-Hsiang Tsui, Wan-Ting Yu, Tse-Hwa Hsu, Jennifer Tai and Dar-In Tai
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(9), 1961; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9091961 - 13 May 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3347
Abstract
Fibrosis-4 (FIB4), transient elastography (TE), and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) are popular modalities to assess liver fibrosis. Their cutoff values for degrees of fibrosis vary between studies. The influence of hepatic steatosis on fibrosis measurements for different etiologies was evaluated. Data from [...] Read more.
Fibrosis-4 (FIB4), transient elastography (TE), and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) are popular modalities to assess liver fibrosis. Their cutoff values for degrees of fibrosis vary between studies. The influence of hepatic steatosis on fibrosis measurements for different etiologies was evaluated. Data from a consecutive series of patients who received fibrosis measurement were included for the training group. An additional series with histology served as the validation group. A standardized protocol was performed for both TE and ARFI, mostly by a single technician. Patients with alcoholism, autoimmune disease, active inflammation, or who were receiving therapy were excluded. The training group included 215 patients and the validation group included 221. The correlation of liver stiffness between TE and ARFI was good (R2 linear = 0.798; p < 0.001). Different correlations between ARFI and TE were noted between high and low control attenuation parameter (CAP) values (cutoff: 290 dB/m), especially in the non-hepatitis B subgroups. Relatively lower FIB4 and TE values were seen in the high CAP versus low CAP in patients with histology-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C. FIB4 cutoff values were >25% lower among F2-F4 stages and the TE cutoff value for F4 was 8.5% lower in the high versus low CAP group. Such findings were not observed in chronic hepatitis B. Different fibrogenesis mechanisms between hepatitis B and non-B are discussed. We conclude that hepatic steatosis significantly impacts FIB4 and TE fibrosis measurements in non-hepatitis B-related liver diseases. Fibrosis grade should be interpreted with caution in severe steatosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making)
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Review

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21 pages, 267 KiB  
Review
Pediatric Endoscopy, Update 2020
by Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich, Michael Hocke, Barbara Braden, Silvia Carrara, Uwe Gottschalk and Christoph F Dietrich
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(23), 5036; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9235036 - 22 Nov 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 10610
Abstract
Optimal management of pediatric endoscopy requires a multidisciplinary approach. In most hospitals, endoscopy in pediatric patients is performed by conventional gastroenterologists and only a few centers have specialized pediatric gastroenterologists. This is due to the fact that the number of pediatric gastroenterologists is [...] Read more.
Optimal management of pediatric endoscopy requires a multidisciplinary approach. In most hospitals, endoscopy in pediatric patients is performed by conventional gastroenterologists and only a few centers have specialized pediatric gastroenterologists. This is due to the fact that the number of pediatric gastroenterologists is limited and not all of them are experienced in endoscopic techniques. However, there are also some pediatric centers offering a high-quality and high-volume endoscopy service provided by very experienced pediatric gastroenterologists. Up to now, the literature on pediatric endoscopy is rather sparse. In this article, we describe current knowledge and practice of endoscopic procedures in pediatric patients, which should be relevant for both the adult and pediatric gastroenterologists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making)
12 pages, 1297 KiB  
Review
Hepatic Steatosis Assessment Using Quantitative Ultrasound Parametric Imaging Based on Backscatter Envelope Statistics
by Zhuhuang Zhou, Qiyu Zhang, Weiwei Wu, Shuicai Wu and Po-Hsiang Tsui
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(4), 661; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9040661 - 15 Feb 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5950
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a key manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early detection of hepatic steatosis is of critical importance. Currently, liver biopsy is the clinical golden standard for hepatic steatosis assessment. However, liver biopsy is invasive and associated with sampling errors. [...] Read more.
Hepatic steatosis is a key manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early detection of hepatic steatosis is of critical importance. Currently, liver biopsy is the clinical golden standard for hepatic steatosis assessment. However, liver biopsy is invasive and associated with sampling errors. Ultrasound has been recommended as a first-line diagnostic test for the management of NAFLD. However, B-mode ultrasound is qualitative and can be affected by factors including image post-processing parameters. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) aims to extract quantified acoustic parameters from the ultrasound backscattered signals for ultrasound tissue characterization and can be a complement to conventional B-mode ultrasound. QUS envelope statistics techniques, both statistical model-based and non-model-based, have shown potential for hepatic steatosis characterization. However, a state-of-the-art review of hepatic steatosis assessment using envelope statistics techniques is still lacking. In this paper, envelope statistics-based QUS parametric imaging techniques for characterizing hepatic steatosis are reviewed and discussed. The reviewed ultrasound envelope statistics parametric imaging techniques include acoustic structure quantification imaging, ultrasound Nakagami imaging, homodyned-K imaging, kurtosis imaging, and entropy imaging. Future developments are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making)
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14 pages, 2879 KiB  
Review
Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Evaluation in Physiotherapy: Piloting a Systematic Review
by Samuel Fernández Carnero, José Luis Arias Buria, Juan Nicolás Cuenca Zaldivar, Alejandro Leal Quiñones, Cesar Calvo-Lobo and Carlos Martin Saborido
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(1), 181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9010181 - 06 Jan 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5703
Abstract
Background: Research of ultrasound use in physiotherapy and daily practice has led to its use as an everyday tool. Methods: The aims were: (1) Checking the proposed systematic review protocol methodology; (2) evaluating the evidence from the last five years; and (3) coordinating [...] Read more.
Background: Research of ultrasound use in physiotherapy and daily practice has led to its use as an everyday tool. Methods: The aims were: (1) Checking the proposed systematic review protocol methodology; (2) evaluating the evidence from the last five years; and (3) coordinating the work of the team of reviewers in performing a complete systematic review. Thus, this is a pilot study prior to a full systematic review. The findings in databases related to health sciences with the meta-search engine Discovery EBSCO, Covidence, and Revman were used. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were described for eligibility. Results: Search provided 1029 references regarding the lumbar region on ultrasound scans. Of these, 33 were duplicates. After Covidence, 996 studies were left for screening. A full-text reading brought one randomized clinical trial (RCT). Conclusions: Validity and reliability references were found. The most suitable points were novice versus expert, and ultrasound versus electromyography (EMG) with just one RCT cohort, and observational and case reports. The lines of investigation increasingly endorsed the validity of using ultrasound in physiotherapy. Post-acquisition image analysis could also be a future line of research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and Decisions Making)
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