Heterogeneous Catalysis for Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass II

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomass Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 4928

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Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, Córdoba, Spain
Interests: green chemistry; biomass valorization; heterogeneous catalysis; nanomaterial design
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Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: thermal energy storage (TES); phase change materials (PCMs); latent heat storage (LHS); organic plastic crystals (OPCs); organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs)
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Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, Punjab, India
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; biomass valorization; porous materials and metal oxides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the growing concerns regarding diminishing fossil fuels and the environmental damages that these resources involve, the search for renewable resources has attracted worldwide attention in recent years. In this sense, the use of biomass as a renewable source of carbon for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals is a promising alternative as a substitute for fossil resources. Among different types of biomass feedstocks, lignocellulosic biomass is abundant, inexpensive, and with a low impact on the food industry, being potentially more sustainable. Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of polysaccharides (30–50% cellulose, 20–35% hemicellulose, 15–30% lignin), together with minor amounts of other materials (e.g., terpenes, oils, and inorganic minerals). In the concept of developing biorefineries, significant efforts have been and are still being devoted in the field of transformation of lignocellulose for the production of high-value products. Different value-added chemicals and high-quality fuel products can be generated from lignocellulosic biomass, such as organic acids (e.g., gluconic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid) and alcohols (sugar alcohols, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol) from cellulose, furfural-based compounds (e.g., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural) from cellulose and hemicellulose, and various aromatic chemicals from lignin. Moreover, some of these lignocellulose-derived chemicals can be considered platform chemicals which can be converted to other value-added compounds through various reaction routes. In this context, the use of solid catalysts in order to improve catalytic performances and reaction conditions is considered of great interest as an alternative to homogeneous catalysis due to the environmental and economic problems that this type of catalysis provokes.

Based on this, we would like to invite authors to publish papers and short reviews related to the use of heterogeneous catalysts in different reactions in order to obtain a platform or fuel products from the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass.

Prof. Dr. Rafael Luque
Dr. Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
Dr. Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • heterogeneous catalysis
  • precious and nonprecious metals
  • metal oxides
  • nanoporous materials
  • lignocellulosic biomass
  • platform chemicals
  • glucose
  • xylose
  • lignin
  • furanics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1719 KiB  
Article
Selective Furfuryl Alcohol Production from Furfural via Bio-Electrocatalysis
by Peng Zhan, Xiangshi Liu, Qian Zhu, Hongqing Zhao, Shiding Zhang, Chenxi Zhang, Cong Ren, Jiawen Zhang, Changwei Zhang and Di Cai
Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal13010101 - 03 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1643
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of renewable furfural into furfuryl alcohol for various applications is in the ascendant. Nonetheless, the conventional chemo-catalysis hydrogenation of furfural always suffers from poor selectivity, harsh conditions, and expensive catalysts. Herein, to overcome the serious technical barriers of conventional furfuryl [...] Read more.
The catalytic reduction of renewable furfural into furfuryl alcohol for various applications is in the ascendant. Nonetheless, the conventional chemo-catalysis hydrogenation of furfural always suffers from poor selectivity, harsh conditions, and expensive catalysts. Herein, to overcome the serious technical barriers of conventional furfuryl alcohol production, an alternative bio-electrocatalytic hydrogenation system was established under mild and neutral conditions, where the dissolved cofactor (NADH) and the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) participated in a tandem reaction driven by the electron from a novel Rh (III) complex fixed cathode. Under the optimized conditions, 81.5% of furfural alcohol selectivity can be realized at −0.43 V vs. RHE. This contribution presents a ‘green’ and promising route for the valorization of furfural and other biomass compounds. Full article
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15 pages, 7081 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Wood Fractionation into Chemicals in Supercritical Ethanol and n-Heptane: Potential and Limitations
by Marion Eternot and Nadine Essayem
Catalysts 2022, 12(11), 1333; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal12111333 - 01 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1163
Abstract
Direct selective wood fractionation into chemicals is an approach that has attracted recent attention. The application of sub- and supercritical (SC) alcohols to fractionate wood into solid cellulose and liquefy phenolic monomers is a process now widely known as “lignin first”. It is [...] Read more.
Direct selective wood fractionation into chemicals is an approach that has attracted recent attention. The application of sub- and supercritical (SC) alcohols to fractionate wood into solid cellulose and liquefy phenolic monomers is a process now widely known as “lignin first”. It is justified to study the potential of other SC organic solvents of variable polarities. Herein, we compare the abilities of SC ethanol and SC n-heptane to fractionate pine wood near their critical point. While near-critical ethanol has more affinity for lignin fraction, we show that near-critical n-heptane has preference for carbohydrate deconstruction. If SC ethanol favors biooil formation which contains important ethyl/ethoxy groups, the alkane greatly favors solid carbon products. The impact of addition of heterogeneous catalysts (acid, basic and Cu-based catalysts) on wood fractionation and light chemicals formation was investigated deeply in SC ethanol. In SC ethanol, catalysts favor light liquid products such as esters at the expense of biooil with a total oxygenates yield of 33 wt% relative to carbohydrates over β zeolite. However, we show that depending on the catalysts’ nature, wood components fractionation was completely changed, and this is particularly true with solid acid catalysts which promote cellulose deconstruction and the formation of solid carbon products. It is proposed that liquid products’ accumulation in the autoclave, in particular water, is at the origin of the wood fractionation changes which preclude its control by the choice of the SC organic solvent and conditions. Moreover, all the catalysts underwent severe leaching, which also contributed to the wood component fractionation changes. Full article
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13 pages, 4360 KiB  
Article
Lignin-Derived Ternary Polymeric Carbon as a Green Catalyst for Ethyl Levulinate Upgrading from Fructose
by Dayong Yu, Xiaofang Liu, Hangyu Luo, Jinshu Huang and Hu Li
Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 778; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal12070778 - 14 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1342
Abstract
Currently, the utilization of lignocellulose mainly focuses on the conversion of polysaccharide components to value-added chemicals, such as ethyl levulinate (EL). Lignin is an important component of lignocellulosic biomass that is often neglected. Herein, ternary polymeric carbon (TPC–S) was synthesized by polymerization of [...] Read more.
Currently, the utilization of lignocellulose mainly focuses on the conversion of polysaccharide components to value-added chemicals, such as ethyl levulinate (EL). Lignin is an important component of lignocellulosic biomass that is often neglected. Herein, ternary polymeric carbon (TPC–S) was synthesized by polymerization of mixed monomers (4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, and 4-propylphenol) derived from lignin and subsequent sulfonation, which was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transformation of fructose to EL. Through a series of characterization methods, it was illustrated that the prepared catalyst had a layered porous structure. The calculated carbon layer spacing is 0.413 nm, and the average pore size is 5.1 nm. This structure greatly increases the specific surface area (165.2 m2/g) of the catalyst, which makes it possible to introduce more –SO3H species in the process of sulfonation, thus furnishing EL with increased yield. The effects of reaction temperature, time, catalyst dosage, and fructose initial concentration on the production of EL were investigated. It was found that 70.3% EL yield was detected at 130 °C for 10 h. In addition, the catalyst had good stability and could obtain 65.6% yield of EL in the fourth cycle. The obtained catalyst has the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, and high catalytic efficiency, which is expected to achieve efficient utilization of lignin and provide a potential solution for the future production of EL. Full article
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