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Green Technologies in Environment and Energy
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Green Technologies in Environment and Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 4083

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jaber Shabanian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Process Engineering Advanced Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Interests: fluidization; high temperature and pressure processes; CO2 capture and utilization; process electrification; green and sustainable chemical processes; H2 production and storage; CFD-DEM simulation
Dr. Amin Esmaeili

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, 24449 Arab League St, Doha, Qatar
Interests: multiphase reactors; sustainable energy and environment; energy management; renewable energies; process electrification; techno-economic assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of green technologies in the field of the environment and energy is crucial, owing to the pressure of climate change, depletion of conventional and easily processible resources, growing environmental awareness and the needs of society, particularly in developing countries. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), energy efficiency, behavioural change, electrification, renewables, hydrogen, and hydrogen‐based fuels, incorporation of alternative resources, such as solid wastes (e.g., petcoke and electronic wastes, and non-recyclable plastics), mine tailings, and industrial landfills in our energy and material supply chains are the key pillars associated with moving toward a sustainable and low-carbon future. Therefore, these form the focus of this Special Issue. We invite international scholars to publish their unique and state-of-the-art findings and reviews on the topics of interest for publication in this Special Issue.

Dr. Jaber Shabanian
Dr. Amin Esmaeili
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 capture, utilization, and storage
  • electrification and intensification
  • H2 production and storage
  • advanced separation, catalytic, and thermal processes
  • chemical looping
  • energy storage
  • advanced catalysts and materials
  • biomimicry
  • waste valorization
  • mathematical modeling and process simulation
  • techno-economic and life cycle analyses

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4556 KiB  
Article
Microporous Adsorbent-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/N2 Separation
by Suboohi Shervani, Lara P. Tansug and F. Handan Tezel
Energies 2024, 17(8), 1927; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en17081927 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 392
Abstract
As the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration rapidly rises, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an emerging field for climate change mitigation. Various carbon capture technologies are in development with the help of adsorbents, membranes, solvent-based systems, etc. One of [...] Read more.
As the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration rapidly rises, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an emerging field for climate change mitigation. Various carbon capture technologies are in development with the help of adsorbents, membranes, solvent-based systems, etc. One of the main challenges in this field is the removal of CO2 from nitrogen (N2) gas. This paper focuses on mixed matrix membrane technology, for which the CO2/N2 separation performance is based on differences in gas permeations. Membrane separation and purification technologies are widely studied for carbon capture. Microporous adsorbents such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for carbon capture have been attracting researchers’ attention due to their highly porous structures, high selectivity values, and tunable porosities. Utilizing microporous adsorbents dispersed within a novel, blended polymer matrix, fourteen membranes were prepared with the commercial MOF ZIF-8, zeolite 13X, and kaolin, with methyl cellulose (MC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which were tested using a single gas permeation setup in this study. The addition of polyallylamine (PAH) as a chemisorbent was also investigated. These membranes were synthesized both with and without a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support to compare their performances. MC was found to be an ideal polymeric matrix component to develop free-standing MMMs. At 24 °C and a relatively low feed pressure of 2.36 atm, a free-standing zeolite-13X-based membrane (MC/PAH/13X/PVA) exhibited the highest N2/CO2 selectivity of 2.8, with a very high N2 permeability of 6.9 × 107 Barrer. Upon the optimization of active layer thickness and filler weight percentages, this easily fabricated free-standing MMM made of readily available materials is a promising candidate for CO2 purification through nitrogen removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies in Environment and Energy)
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13 pages, 5761 KiB  
Article
Modelling and Design of a Novel Integrated Heat Exchange Reactor for Oxy-Fuel Combustion Flue Gas Deoxygenation
by Hongtian Ge, Andrew J. Furlong, Scott Champagne, Robin W. Hughes, Jan B. Haelssig and Arturo Macchi
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1474; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en17061474 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 548
Abstract
The concentration of residual O2 in oxy-fuel combustion flue gas needs to be reduced before CO2 transportation, utilization, or storage. An original application of the printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) for catalytic combustion with natural gas (catalytic deoxygenation) is described for [...] Read more.
The concentration of residual O2 in oxy-fuel combustion flue gas needs to be reduced before CO2 transportation, utilization, or storage. An original application of the printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) for catalytic combustion with natural gas (catalytic deoxygenation) is described for reducing the residual O2 concentration. The PCHE design features multiple adiabatic packed beds with interstage cooling and fuel injection, allowing precise control over the reaction extent and temperature within each reaction stage through the manipulation of fuel and utility flow rates. This work describes the design of a PCHE for methane–oxygen catalytic combustion where the catalyst loading is minimized while reducing the O2 concentration from 3 vol% to 100 ppmv, considering a maximum adiabatic temperature rise of 50 °C per stage. Each PCHE design differs by the number of reaction stages and its individual bed lengths. As part of the design process, a one-dimensional transient reduced-order reactor model (1D ROM) was developed and compared to temperature and species concentration axial profiles from 3D CFD simulations. The final design consists of five reaction stages and four heat exchanger sections, providing a PCHE length of 1.09 m at a processing rate of 12.3 kg/s flue gas per m3 PCHE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies in Environment and Energy)
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17 pages, 10030 KiB  
Article
Hydrodynamic Insights on Floating Bubbling Fluidized Beds: Dynamic Solutions for Mitigating Gas Maldistribution
by Ali Akbar Sarbanha, Faïçal Larachi and Seyed Mohammad Taghavi
Energies 2024, 17(3), 672; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en17030672 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 501
Abstract
This study examined bubbling fluidized beds as an alternative to fixed-bed dry scrubbers on ships for reducing pollutants from marine fuels. It focused on overcoming the challenges of gas maldistribution/slug formation, especially under rough sea conditions. This research departed from traditional methods by [...] Read more.
This study examined bubbling fluidized beds as an alternative to fixed-bed dry scrubbers on ships for reducing pollutants from marine fuels. It focused on overcoming the challenges of gas maldistribution/slug formation, especially under rough sea conditions. This research departed from traditional methods by introducing mobile internal elements into the bed emulsion phase and investigating their effectiveness in various settings, such as vertical, inclined, and rolling beds. A specialized hexapod-driven bubbling fluidized bed was developed to mimic marine operating conditions and to study the behavior of shipboard fluidized beds. Techniques such as digital image analysis (DIA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) were used to observe bubble dynamics and granular phases, measuring local void fractions and particle velocities. A key finding is the effectiveness of moving internals in preventing bubble coalescence, which is critical for avoiding wall slugs, at different inclinations. Three types of packing were used as mobile internals: Super Raschig, Pall, and square rings. Super Raschig rings, which are characterized by high porosity, were the most efficient in reducing bubble coalescence, making them a preferred choice for offshore fluidized bed applications. This research contributes to the advancement of fluidized bed technology in marine applications and provides insight for future improvements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies in Environment and Energy)
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15 pages, 4462 KiB  
Article
Kraft Lignin Electro-Oxidation under Ambient Temperature and Pressure
by Jiashuai Han, Roger Lin, Mahdi Salehi, Amirhossein Farzi, Andrew Carkner, Kefang Liu, Omar Abou El-Oon, Olumoye Ajao and Ali Seifitokaldani
Energies 2023, 16(24), 8007; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16248007 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 855
Abstract
Lignin is the largest natural source of aromatic chemicals. Due to its complex polymeric structure, Kraft lignin is under-utilized and usually combusted for heat generation, thus resulting in CO2 emissions in the Kraft process. To valorize lignin with renewable electricity and to [...] Read more.
Lignin is the largest natural source of aromatic chemicals. Due to its complex polymeric structure, Kraft lignin is under-utilized and usually combusted for heat generation, thus resulting in CO2 emissions in the Kraft process. To valorize lignin with renewable electricity and to convert it into value-added aromatic chemicals, efficient electrochemical methods need to be discovered, based not only on its apparent yield of building block chemicals but also on its energy efficiency. In this study, the electro-oxidative performance of six different metals was systematically evaluated. The results showed that the synthesized Ni-based catalyst can increase the vanillin and vanillic acid apparent yield by 50–60% compared to when Ni-based catalyst is absent. We also found that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is more than a competing reaction since the presence of oxygen synergistically aids oxidation of the lignin to increase aromatic chemical production by 63% compared to the sum of vanillin generation from both voltage-only and oxygen-only scenarios. With the novel proposed notion of charge efficiency, we showed that utilizing a thinner layer of Ni catalyst balances the OER and the oxidative reaction of lignin, thus improving the charge efficiency for vanillin by 22% Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies in Environment and Energy)
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20 pages, 4712 KiB  
Article
Pyrolysis and Combustion Behavior of Flax Straw as Biomass: Evaluation of Kinetic, Thermodynamic Parameters, and Qualitative Analysis of Degradation Products
by Bahareh Vafakish, Amin Babaei-Ghazvini, Mahmood Ebadian and Bishnu Acharya
Energies 2023, 16(19), 6932; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16196932 - 2 Oct 2023
Viewed by 921
Abstract
This study describes an investigation of the pyrolysis and combustion of flax straw as biofuel, focusing on the physicochemical properties and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, and evaluates the type of degradation products using the thermogravimetry analysis–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) technique. Pyrolysis and [...] Read more.
This study describes an investigation of the pyrolysis and combustion of flax straw as biofuel, focusing on the physicochemical properties and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, and evaluates the type of degradation products using the thermogravimetry analysis–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) technique. Pyrolysis and combustion processes were studied via thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates of 5-10-15 and 20 °C min, one using three isoconversional methods and one using a model-fitting method. The activation energies, frequency factors, and thermodynamic parameters of flax straw biomass were investigated using different models. The obtained activation energy values for pyrolysis varied between 101.0 and 109.6 kJ mol−1 and for combustion were between 203.3 and 239.2 kJ mol−1. The frequency factors were determined to be 1.7 × 109 for pyrolysis and 1.5 × 1017 s−1 for combustion. The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the pyrolysis of flax straw was calculated to be 162.6 kJ mol−1, whereas for combustion it increased to 203.9 kJ mol−1. A notable contrast between the volatiles produced by pyrolysis and combustion is evident from the real-time analysis of the degradation products. Specifically, carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkanes, and alcohols are the principal degradation products during pyrolysis, while carbon dioxide is the primary component produced during combustion. These encouraging research outcomes regarding flax straw pyrolysis and combustion can broaden its application in bioenergy and biofuel, thus contributing significantly to it for resource recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies in Environment and Energy)
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