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Micro-grid Energy Management
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Micro-grid Energy Management

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2024 | Viewed by 3768

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mamadou Baïlo Camara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrotechnic and Automatic Research Laboratory of Le Havre (GREAH), University of Le Havre Normandie, 75 rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France
Interests: energy management systems; supercapacitors; DC–DC power convertors; diesel–electric generators; distributed power generation; dynamic power response; electric vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles; hybrid power systems; lithium batteries; photovoltaic power systems; power control; power generation control; power grids; renewable energy sources; resonant power convertors; wind turbines; supercapacitors ageing characterization; battery management systems; battery-powered vehicles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mamadou Lamine Doumbia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
Interests: power generation control; PWM invertors; distributed power generation; photovoltaic power systems; power grids; invertors; optimization; reactive power control; transfer functions; voltage control; PI control; PWM power convertors; air gaps; bridge circuits; control system synthesis; electric impedance; harmonic distortion; power control; power generation economics; power generation scheduling; renewable energy sources; torque; variable speed drives; wind turbines; AC machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are glad to share the great success of our Special Issue “Energy Management in the Multi-Source Systems”.

We now seek to launch the second volume of this Special Issue “Micro-Grid Energy Management".

Energy in micro-grid systems, such as distributed power generation system-based renewable energies, hydrogen production systems, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs (PHEVs), and pure electric vehicles (PEVs), often fluctuates sharply due to the intermittencies of renewable energy sources and dynamic driving cycles. These fluctuations reduce the life span of energy storage systems (batteries, ultracapacitors, electrolyzers with fuel cells, etc.), which affects the micro-grid systems’ performance and leads to various energy management needs. Micro-grid systems that include energy storage systems with optimal energy management provide a solutions to these problems. However, to avoid excessive costs, appropriate sizing of an energy storage system is needed to meet the system performance requirements of a given micro-grid; this can be achieved through the optimization of energy storage system design and usage. Moreover, based on the nature of energy sources and the voltage levels for various applications, it is often necessary to provide an interface using power electronics converters for impedance matching between the sources and the loads. These converters provide more flexibility in electric energy management between subsystems, but their topologies and control present crucial challenges to improving energy quality while ensuring good efficiency. This Special Issue focuses on recent developments and new trends in the design optimization and optimal energy management of micro-grid systems based on distributed power generation systems, transportation applications, and hydrogen production-based renewables energies. Papers may include, but are not limited to:

  • Hydrogen production-based renewables energies;
  • Ultracapacitor/battery size optimization for micro-grid systems;
  • Energy production and/or load demand forecasting;
  • Optimal energy management;
  • Energy management optimization;
  • Power fluctuation mitigation technique;
  • Power flow optimization technique;
  • Ultracapacitor/battery cost minimization;
  • Ultracapacitor/battery engine characterization or diagnostics;
  • Power electronics converter topologies;
  • Innovative power electronics control techniques for electric energy conversion;
  • Thermal impact evaluation of power electronics converter performance;
  • Batteries, photovoltaic systems, tidal turbines, wind turbines, supercapacitors, fuel cell systems, hydrogen electrolyzer systems, and hydroelectric power plant applications.

We also welcome papers that use other innovative techniques to address this issue.

Prof. Dr. Mamadou Baïlo Camara
Prof. Dr. Mamadou Lamine Doumbia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diesel generator
  • energy management
  • batteries
  • maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
  • micro-grid
  • photovoltaic (PV) panel
  • ultracapacitors
  • wind turbine
  • tidal turbine
  • power control
  • power electronics converters
  • fuel cell (FC)
  • hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
  • electrolyzer
  • hydrogen production
  • hydrogen electrolyzer system
  • hydroelectric power plant

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 35679 KiB  
Article
Robust PLL-Based Grid Synchronization and Frequency Monitoring
by Florin Iov, Weihao Zhao and Tamas Kerekes
Energies 2023, 16(19), 6856; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16196856 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 971
Abstract
Nowadays, the penetration of inverter-based energy resources is continuously increasing in low-voltage distribution grids. Their applications cover traditional renewable energy production and energy storage but also new applications such as charging points for electric vehicles, heat pumps, electrolyzers, etc. The power ratings range [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the penetration of inverter-based energy resources is continuously increasing in low-voltage distribution grids. Their applications cover traditional renewable energy production and energy storage but also new applications such as charging points for electric vehicles, heat pumps, electrolyzers, etc. The power ratings range from a couple of kW to hundreds of kW. Utilities have, in the last few years, reported more challenges regarding power quality in distribution grids, e.g., high harmonic content, high unbalances, large voltage and frequency excursions, etc. Phase-Lock-Loop (PLL) algorithms are typically used for grid synchronization and decoupled control of power converters connected to the grid. Most of the research within PLLs is mainly focusing on grid voltage angle estimation while the byproducts of the algorithms, e.g., frequency and voltage magnitude, are often overlooked. However, both frequency and voltage magnitude estimations are crucial for grid code compliance. Practical considerations for implementation on microcontroller boards of these algorithms are also missing in most of the cases. The present paper proposes a modified PLL algorithm based on a Synchronous Reference Frame that is suitable for both grid synchronization and frequency monitoring, i.e., the estimation of RMS phase voltages and frequencies in highly distorted distribution grids. It also provides the tuning methodology and practical considerations for implementation on commercial DSP boards. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed through simulation studies and laboratory tests under a wide range of operational conditions, showing that the proposed PLL can estimate the grid frequency, for all considered grid events, with an accuracy of less than ±5 mHz, which is a significant improvement on the current state-of-the-art solutions, having an accuracy of at least ±20 mHz or more. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-grid Energy Management)
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26 pages, 8900 KiB  
Article
A Study on Energy Management and Cooperative Control Considering LVRT in a Hybrid Microgrid
by Chang-Gyun An, Hoon Lee, Tae-Gyu Kim, Junsin Yi and Chung-Yuen Won
Energies 2023, 16(11), 4372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16114372 - 27 May 2023
Viewed by 919
Abstract
Recently, the establishment of technical standards for grid connection has gained interest in academia and industry. These standards have focused on the reactive power control function of the grid-connected inverter and maintenance of grid operation, and include detailed information about the grid support [...] Read more.
Recently, the establishment of technical standards for grid connection has gained interest in academia and industry. These standards have focused on the reactive power control function of the grid-connected inverter and maintenance of grid operation, and include detailed information about the grid support function. However, remote control communication and control devices for grid support functions, and other distributed sources, such as wind power and energy storage systems, other than inverters have not been addressed. In this paper, the control of the interlinking converter (ILC) in a hybrid microgrid considering low voltage ride-through (LVRT) among grid support functions is investigated. The proposed method consists of an energy management system considering LVRT and a cooperative control scheme. In the energy management system, an algorithm capable of mode selection was constructed by applying the LVRT curve. Then, considering the LVRT situation, the allowable reactive power range of the ILC was mathematically analyzed through the cooperative control of the energy storage device and the ILC. The proposed method enables us to perform active and reactive power control of the ILC in a hybrid distribution network, considering the power factor under various conditions. This functionality, such as supplying reactive power, significantly contributes to the enhanced grid resilience with distributed power sources, including renewable energy. The proposed strategies were verified through experiments after configuring an experimental set of distributed power sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-grid Energy Management)
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Review

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23 pages, 2576 KiB  
Review
Large-Scale Hydrogen Production Systems Using Marine Renewable Energies: State-of-the-Art
by Junior Diamant Ngando Ebba, Mamadou Baïlo Camara, Mamadou Lamine Doumbia, Brayima Dakyo and Joseph Song-Manguelle
Energies 2024, 17(1), 130; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en17010130 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1505
Abstract
To achieve a more ecologically friendly energy transition by the year 2050 under the European “green” accord, hydrogen has recently gained significant scientific interest due to its efficiency as an energy carrier. This paper focuses on large-scale hydrogen production systems based on marine [...] Read more.
To achieve a more ecologically friendly energy transition by the year 2050 under the European “green” accord, hydrogen has recently gained significant scientific interest due to its efficiency as an energy carrier. This paper focuses on large-scale hydrogen production systems based on marine renewable-energy-based wind turbines and tidal turbines. The paper reviews the different technologies of hydrogen production using water electrolyzers, energy storage unit base hydrogen vectors, and fuel cells (FC). The focus is on large-scale hydrogen production systems using marine renewable energies. This study compares electrolyzers, energy storage units, and FC technologies, with the main factors considered being cost, sustainability, and efficiency. Furthermore, a review of aging models of electrolyzers and FCs based on electrical circuit models is drawn from the literature and presented, including characterization methods of the model components and the parameters extraction methods, using a dynamic current profile. In addition, industrial projects for producing hydrogen from renewable energies that have already been completed or are now in progress are examined. The paper is concluded through a summary of recent hydrogen production and energy storage advances, as well as some applications. Perspectives on enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of hydrogen production systems are also proposed and discussed. This paper provides a review of behavioral aging models of electrolyzers and FCs when integrated into hydrogen production systems, as this is crucial for their successful deployment in an ever-changing energy context. We also review the EU’s potential for renewable energy analysis. In summary, this study provides valuable information for research and industry stakeholders aiming to promote a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-grid Energy Management)
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