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Advancements in Leading Edge Erosion Science of Wind Turbine Blades

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 8473

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Wind Energy, TechnicaDepartment of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Interests: composites; wind energy; micromechanics
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: structural analysis of composite and sandwich structures; finite element methods; coupled dynamic analysis of offshore renewable energy devices; marine operations related to transportation and installation of offshore wind turbines

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: efficient and cost effective manufacturing of large scale wind turbines; optimisation methods of the manufacturing phase and minimisation of manufacturing defects

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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Interests: digital twin; artificial intelligence; reliability-based design optimization; wind energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The continuous demand for renewable sources of power production has led to a widespread interest in the growth of wind energy. Wind turbines, both in the onshore and offshore sectors, are in high demand, and continuous emphasis is made on their technological advancements. The general trend in the industry is the installation of larger wind turbines, as the power production increases with the rotor swept area as well as the cube of the wind speed. Although such trends are expected to increase the power production and the profitability, they pose quite complex operational challenges. One such critical issue is related with large wind turbine blades rotating with high tip speed in the range of 60–110 m/s during operation. This induces high-speed recurring contact with precipitation particles such as rain and hail among others, causing progressive material loss at the leading edge, which is referred to as leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades. This local surface roughening at the leading edge has been found to considerably reduce the aerodynamic efficiency of blades as well as the power output of the wind turbine. In addition, a major share of expenditure is spent on the repair and maintenance of wind turbine blades. Therefore, this Special Issue “Advancements in Leading Edge Erosion Science of Wind Turbine Blades” aims to discuss the scientific progress made in the academic and industrial community to solve this problem.

We invite authors from universities and industries to submit articles related to the theme of the Special Issue. This can include reviews, case studies, analyses, and evaluations from different disciplines that are relevant to the existing challenges related to the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades. The Special Issue is open to discussing interesting results and challenges related to experiments and numerical as well as theoretical developments applied to leading edge erosion. These include advanced coating developments and accelerated erosion testing, numerical simulations using coupled fluid structure interaction methods such as smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element methods (FEM), analytical leading edge erosion models, aerodynamic analysis, probabilistic analysis, and case studies on the development of novel wind turbine control algorithms, among others.

Dr. habil. Leon Mishnaevsky Jr.
Dr. Julie J. E. Teuwen
Dr. Amrit S. Verma
Dr. Weifei Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

34 pages, 4787 KiB  
Article
Mapping of Meteorological Observations over the Island of Ireland to Enhance the Understanding and Prediction of Rain Erosion in Wind Turbine Blades
by James W. K. Nash, Iasonas Zekos and Margaret M. Stack
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4555; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14154555 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Leading edge erosion is becoming increasingly important as wind turbine size and rainfall are predicted to increase. Understanding environmental conditions is key for laboratory testing, maintenance schedules and lifetime estimations to be improved, which in turn could reduce costs. This paper uses weather [...] Read more.
Leading edge erosion is becoming increasingly important as wind turbine size and rainfall are predicted to increase. Understanding environmental conditions is key for laboratory testing, maintenance schedules and lifetime estimations to be improved, which in turn could reduce costs. This paper uses weather data in conjunction with a rain texture model and wind turbine RPM curve to predict and characterise rain erosion conditions across Ireland during rainfall events in terms of droplet size, temperature, humidity and chemical composition, as well as the relative erosivity, in terms of number of annual impacts and kinetic energy, as well as seasonal variations in these properties. Using a linear regression, the total annual kinetic energy, mean temperature and the mean humidity during impact are mapped geospatially. The results indicate that the west coast of Ireland and elevated regions are more erosive with higher kinetic energy. During rain events, northern regions tend to have lower temperatures and lower humidities and mountainous regions have lower temperatures and higher humidities. Irish rain has high levels of sea salt, and in recent years, only a slightly acidic pH. Most erosion likely occurs during winters with frequent rain infused with salt due to increased winds. After this analysis, it is concluded that Ireland’s largest wind park (Galway) is placed in a moderate-highly erosive environment and that RET protocols should be revisited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Leading Edge Erosion Science of Wind Turbine Blades)
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26 pages, 14201 KiB  
Article
Minimum Leading Edge Protection Application Length to Combat Rain-Induced Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades
by Amrit Shankar Verma, Sandro Di Noi, Zhengru Ren, Zhiyu Jiang and Julie J. E. Teuwen
Energies 2021, 14(6), 1629; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14061629 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4951
Abstract
Leading edge erosion (LEE) repairs of wind turbine blades (WTBs) involve infield application of leading edge protection (LEP) solutions. The industry is currently aiming to use factory based LEP coatings that can applied to the WTBs before they are shipped out for installation. [...] Read more.
Leading edge erosion (LEE) repairs of wind turbine blades (WTBs) involve infield application of leading edge protection (LEP) solutions. The industry is currently aiming to use factory based LEP coatings that can applied to the WTBs before they are shipped out for installation. However, one of the main challenges related to these solutions is the choice of a minimum LEP application length to be applied in the spanwise direction of the WTBs. Generally, coating suppliers apply 10–20 m of LEP onto the blades starting from the tip of the blade using the “rule of thumb”, and no studies in the literature exist that stipulate how these LEP lengths can be calculated. In this study, we extend the scope of a recently developed long-term probabilistic framework to determine the minimum LEP application length required for WTBs to combat rain-induced erosion. A parametric study is performed where different wind turbines with varying power ratings of 2.1 MW to 15 MW at different Dutch sites ranging from inland to coastal are considered. The results of the study show that the LEP application length is sensitive to the choice of the site, as well as the turbine attributes. Further, LEP lengths for WTBs are found to be the highest for turbines installed at coastal sites and turbines with higher power ratings. A detailed investigation is further performed to check the sensitivity of the LEP application length with the wind turbine parameters. The results of the study are expected to provide guidelines to the industry for efficient repair strategies for WTBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Leading Edge Erosion Science of Wind Turbine Blades)
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